Improving mental health infrastructure across the Middle East.

This study explores the difficulties and possible remedies, for enhancing health services and decreasing stigma in the Middle East. The paper underscores the significance of education integrating Western methods, involving leaders educating young people and utilizing social media. It also draws attention to social challenges in the region while offering strategies to train health professionals to be culturally sensitive. The goal is to improve healthcare standards, in the Middle East by tackling barriers and fostering empathy and respect.

Increasing the tolerance of mothers with children with autism: the effectiveness of cognitive therapy based on mindfulness - experimental research.

Introduction and importance: Autism spectrum disorder significantly impacts the life and psychosocial health of the family, resulting in high levels of anxiety, stress, isolation, and indecisiveness among parents. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of cognitive therapy based on mindfulness in increasing the tolerance of mothers of children with autism. Case presentation: The study used a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The study population comprised mothers referred to autism centers in Tehran. Eighty mothers were randomly divided into two groups, with 40 in each group. The Connor and Davidson Resilience Scale was used to measure the level of tolerance in both groups in the pre-test and post-test stages. The experimental group underwent cognitive therapy group therapy based on mindfulness, comprising eight sessions of 120 min. On the other hand, the control group did not receive any intervention. Clinical discussion: The results of the study showed that the tolerance scores of the experimental group significantly increased after the intervention, in both the post-test and follow-up stages. Conclusion: Therefore, the results of this research emphasize the importance of using this intervention in increasing the tolerance of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder and creating new horizons in the clinical interventions of these people.

Neurochemical metabolite alterations of the occipital lobe in migraine without aura by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

BACKGROUND: Migraine without aura is the most common type of migraine headache, accounting for about 80% of all migraines. The aim of the present investigation was to determine the neurochemical metabolite alterations in the occipital lobe of patients suffering from migraine without aura using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). METHODS: Fifteen patients suffering from migraine without aura with an occipital plaque and 16 healthy controls were included in this study. Changes in the neurochemical metabolites in the occipital lobe were assessed using 1H-MRS. The ratios of N-acetylaspartate (NAA) to creatine (Cr), choline (Cho) to Cr and myo-inositol (MI) to NAA were measured by voxel volume at 8 cm3. RESULTS: The mean NAA/Cr ratio decreased significantly in patients compared to controls. Cho/Cr and MI/NAA ratios increased significantly in patients. In addition, the duration of the disease and the frequency of headache attacks were significantly associated with a decrease in the NAA/Cr ratio and an increase in the Cho/Cr ratio. CONCLUSIONS: Migraine without aura shows a significant association with changes in neurochemical metabolites detectable by 1H-MRS in the occipital lobe of patients. In addition, changes in metabolic ratios showed a significant relationship with the duration of the disease and the frequency of headache attacks.