A randomized open-label clinical trial on the effect of Amantadine on post Covid 19 fatigue.

Many COVID-19 survivors experience lingering post-COVID-19 symptoms, notably chronic fatigue persisting for months after the acute phase. Despite its prevalence, limited research has explored effective treatments for post-COVID-19 fatigue. This randomized controlled clinical trial assessed the impact of Amantadine on patients with post-COVID-19 fatigue. The intervention group received Amantadine for two weeks, while the control group received no treatment. Fatigue levels were assessed using the Visual Analog Fatigue Scale (VAFS) and Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) questionnaires before and after the trial. At the study's onset, VAFS mean scores were 7.90 ± 0.60 in the intervention group and 7.34 ± 0.58 in the control group (P-value = 0.087). After two weeks, intervention group scores dropped to 3.37 ± 0.44, significantly lower than the control group's 5.97 ± 0.29 (P-value < 0.001). Similarly, FSS mean scores at the trial's commencement were 53.10 ± 5.96 in the intervention group and 50.38 ± 4.88 in the control group (P-value = 0.053). At the trial's end, intervention group scores decreased to 28.40 ± 2.42, markedly lower than the control group's 42.59 ± 1.50 (P-value < 0.001). In this study, we report the safety, tolerability, and substantial fatigue-relieving effects of Amantadine in post-COVID-19 fatigue. The intervention demonstrates a statistically significant reduction in fatigue levels, suggesting Amantadine's potential as an effective treatment for this persistent condition.

A Long-term Study of NeuroAid (MLC601, MLC901) in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease; An Extension 8-year Follow-up Study.

BACKGROUND: MLC601 and MLC901 showed neuroprotective and neuroregenerative properties and positive results in the treatment of dementia and cognitive impairment. This study aimed to investigate the long-term benefits of monotherapy with MLC601 and MLC901 in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS: In this study, patients with AD, diagnosed by DSM-IV criteria, were enrolled. Patients have received MLC601 for four years, and their regimen has changed to MLC901 for another four years. Recruited patients were followed to assess the efficacy and safety first of MLC601 and MLC901. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale- Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog) were used to assess cognitive function. Safety was evaluated by monitoring adverse events (AEs) and abnormal findings in physical examinations or lab tests. RESULTS: At the end of the trial, the changes in the mean (±SD) MMSE and ADAS-Cog scores were 5.1 (3.09) and 12.5 (10.89), respectively. Both scores showed a significant change in repeated measure analysis, with the ADAS-Cog score indicating a higher change than the MMSE score (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: For more than eight years, we studied monotherapy with NeuroAid (MLC601, MLC901) in patients with AD. The study contributes further to the long-term safety and efficacy data of MLC in patients with AD.

Synthesis and Antinociceptive Activity of Newly Modified Amine Analogs of Phencyclidine in Mice.

BACKGROUND: Phencyclidine (PCP, I) and its substituted analogs are significant and broadly abused psychotomimetic drugs that affect the central nervous system. They possess many pharmacological properties due to the presence of specific receptors in the brain. AIMS AND OBJECTIVE: Methyl group, despite strong electron-donating and characters of dipole moments, was placed on various positions of phenyl and amine moieties of phencyclidine along with the substitution of benzylamine, piperazine, and aniline derivatives in place of piperidine ring of phencyclidine to create novel compounds of the core with analgesic properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For evaluation of the analgesic activities of newly synthesized compounds, they were screened by tests of tail immersion (thermal) and formalin (chemical) pains. The obtained data with the control and PCP groups were also compared. RESULTS: The outcomes indicated that some new compounds have more antinociceptive effects than PCP in tail immersion and formalin tests. In the tail immersion test, the methyl piperazine analog (III) shows more efficacy than others. In the formalin test, none of the compounds are as effective as phencyclidine at the earliest time-point, but compounds IV and V show effectiveness during the second stage of formalin pain. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that the methyl-piperazine analog of phencyclidine was the best candidate to decrease acute thermal pain, and benzylamine derivatives were suitable candidates to reduce chemical pains.