[Integrated assessment of the environment in an area of location of radiation-dangerous objects].

The authors proposed to use control levels depending on the category of an area to make an integrated hygienic and ecological assessment of the state of the area in the exploitation of radiation-dangerous objects as a main criterion for radiation and chemical factors. The average data of recent ecological monitoring on the level of radionuclides and chemical elements in all environmental objects (soil, atmospheric aerosols, surface water, and bottom sediments) may be used as background indicators in this area. The background indices and double mean-square deviation were proposed to take as a basis for calculating the control levels. The proposed model for calculating the control levels may be used to assess the state of an area of any radiation-dangerous objects.

[Radioecological biomonitoring of the radioactive waste long-term storage territories].

Radionuclide release to environment is possible during long-term storage of the low and middle activity radioactive waste on specially equipped territories, which leads to radioactive background increase and to permanent radiation influence to biocenosis. For an ecological situation control in such places it is need to provide a biomonitoring using the method of complex estimation of the morphological changes on whole organism and internal organs levels (presents of tumors, teratogenic effects), the hematological indexes reflected quantifies and qualifies changes in blood, cytogenetic distribution (bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes with micronuclei) and distributions on molecular level (alterations of DNA structure lead to increase in the DPC level).

[Complex hygienic evaluation of territory in running the objects with radiation jeopardy].

Complex hygienic evaluation of observation zone territory in long-standing running an object with radiation jeopardy revealed that radionuclides and heavy metals content of soil, surface water basins and ambient air is the same as background levels in reference territories. The authors point out possible use of the obtained values as reference levels for ecologic control in similar territories.

[Automated system of radiation monitoring in Moscow region].

The authors consider one trend in activities of "Radon"--Center of Radiation and Ecologic Control. The article covers foundation reasons and longstanding function results of operative radiation monitoring system for large industrial city. Features of construction and functioning of the system are shown. Devices for operative radiation monitoring are subjected to comparative analysis. Prospective trends of the system development are described.

[Stabiltiy and barries function provided by sanitary protective zone of radioactive waste neutralization site, according to data obtained through geoinformative technologies].

The authors defined a radioactive waste neutralization and disposal site as a complex of industrial chambers with used territory of ground with burial places, buffer sanitary protection zone and observation zone. This area is a complicated geotechnical zone where natural communities develop under chronic exposure to natural and artificial radionuclides coming from both global and technogenic sources. Using geoinformative technologies of radioecologic safety, the authors evaluated protective functions of buffer zone, its biopotential and stability to specific type of nature management. The studies helped to identify sorption and migration capacity of the territory.

[Accumulation of industrial radionuclides by the Yenisei River aquatic plants in the area affected by the activity of the mining and chemical plant]. / Nakoplenie tekhnogennykh radionuklidov vodnymi rasteniiami r. Enisei v zone vliianiia gorno-khimicheskogo kombinata.

The aim of the paper is to investigate accumulation of artificial radionuclides by the Yenisei River aquatic plants collected in the area affected by the activity of the Mining-and-Chemical Combine (Zheleznogorsk) from 1997 to 2000. The samples of aquatic plants were of four species: Potamogeton lucens, Fontinalis antipyretica, Elodea canadensis, and Ceratophyllum demersum. The gamma-spectrometric analysis of the samples of aquatic plants for artificial radionuclides revealed a wide spectrum of long-half-life and short-half-life radionuclides. Radionuclides of activation origin were found in the aquatic plants taken both near the Combine and 200 km down of it. The data obtained suggest that the cooling water of the operating reactor is still being released into the Yenisei. The radiochemical analysis of aquatic plants revealed strontium and plutonium isotopes. Among the aquatic plants, the highest concentration factors for the principal radionuclides were recorded in Fontinalis antipyretica (water moss).

[DNA-protein cross-links in leukocytes of the field mouse (Apodemus agrarius) and the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) dwelling in the territory of a radioactive waste storage station]. / DNK-belkovye sshivki v leikotsitakh polevykh myshei (Apodemus agrarius) i ryzhikh polevok (Clethrionomys giareolus), obitaiushchikh na territorii punkta zakhoroneniia radioaktivnykh otkhodov.

DNA-protein cross-links in white blood cells of Apodemus agrarius and Clethrionomys glareolus dwelling in the territory of the guarded zone of the radioactive waste storage in Sergievo Posad (area with gamma-background 50-400 microR/h) have been determined. As a control the animals from sanitary protected area of Sergievo Posadsky department (gamma-background on the soil surface is 8-10 microR/h) was used. It was found that the doses received by Apodemus agrarius and Clethrionomys glareolus, resulted in increasing of the DNA-protein cross-link level in the Apodemus agrarius white blood cells by a factor of 1.8, and in Clethrionomys glareolus by a factor of 1.4, in comparison with control. The increase of DNA-protein cross-link number reliably correlates with the beta-emitting nuclide content in animal bodies. The changes in the number white of cells and in the white blood composition were not observed.

[The assessment of combined exposure to radiation and chemical factors based on the study of the morbidity of personnel in radiation-chemical manufacture]. / Otsenka kombinirovannogo vozdeistviia radiatsionnykh i khimicheskikh faktorov na osnove izucheniia zabolevaemosti personala radiatsionno-khimicheskogo proizvodstva.

The study analyzed the work conditions of personnel engaged into production of plastic modified by radiation. The analysis revealed that the staffers exposed to combined action of radiation and chemical factors face 6 times more intensive harm from radiation resulting in more cardiovascular diseases. All that should be considered in setting the norms for annual radiation doses at workplaces. Real production demands maximal allowable dose to equal 1 rem/year, if the personnel is exposed to chemicals (ozone, nitrogen oxides, ethylene, formaldehyde, acrolein). The scientist elaborated a method to evaluate combined action of chemicals and radiation, which is based on dependence of morbidity on personnel's age. During the further calculation of summarized factor all previous parameters are added, given their enhance.

[Reasons for the operating breakdowns of medical gamma therapy apparatuses and assessment of their reliability]. / Prichiny otkazov raboty meditsinskikh gamma-terapevticheskikh apparatov i otsenka ikh nadezhnosti.

The probability of failure of various gamma-therapeutic apparatuses has been calculated on the basis of mathematical statistics. It has been shown that the least reliable units are gates, switching on pipes, jamming of ionizing radiation sources, emergency closing springs, heads, pressure stabilization, diaphragms, holders of ionizing radiation sources. Analysis of the probability of various failures has shown that their annual frequency is 0.5 +/- 10(-3) only.