RESUMO
The spin wave dynamics in patterned magnetic nanostructures is under intensive study during the last two decades. On the one hand, this interest is generated by new physics that can be explored in such structures. On the other hand, with the development of nanolithography, patterned nanoelements and their arrays can be used in many practical applications (magnetic recording systems both as media and read-write heads, magnetic random access memory, and spin-torque oscillators just to name a few). In the present work the evolution of spin wave spectra of an array of non-interacting Permalloy submicron circular dots for the case of magnetic field deviation from the normal to the array plane have been studied by ferromagnetic resonance technique. It is shown that such symmetry violation leads to a splitting of spin-wave modes, and that the number of the split peaks depends on the mode number. A quantitative description of the observed spectra is given using a perturbation theory for small angles of field inclination from the symmetry direction. The obtained results give possibility to predict transformation of spin wave spectra depending on direction of the external magnetic field that can be important for spintronic and nanomagnetic applications.
RESUMO
Pulsed electrodeposition prepared porous alumina templates with Ni nanowires pore filling ranged from 1 to 100%, depending on the alumina barrier-layer thickness, were probed by continuous wave ferromagnetic resonance at room temperature. For completely filled samples, a single resonance peak was observed in the whole range of angles between the applied magnetic field and normal to the sample plane. Its position was described by Kittel formula that takes into account shape anisotropy of individual Ni wires and dipolar interactions between them. For the samples with lower pore filling the effective anisotropy field decreased and the resonance linewidth in the perpendicular configuration increased. Also a quite intense second peak was observed at lower fields for these samples. These changes are associated with reduction of pore filling percentage that can lead to decrease of dipolar interactions between nanowires and to appearance of magnetic inhomogeneities inside wires.
RESUMO
Nanostructured Pd-Fe thin films with varied Fe content were prepared by electrodeposition technique from organic electrolytes on Cu and brass substrates. The structure and the magnetic properties of the films were investigated prior to post-deposition annealing. The structure of the Pd1-xFe(x) thin film with x = 0.14, 0.24, and 0.52 was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) as a solid solution of iron in palladium face-centered cubic lattice with the (111) orientation of nanograins relatively to the substrate surface. The films with higher iron concentration, x = 0.74, 0.91, have structure of a solid solution based on the body-centered cubic lattice. The average grain size determined by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for the first two alloys is 7-10 nm, and for the latter ones it is about 120 nm. The saturation magnetization of the films has linear dependence on the iron content, but coercivity has non-monotonic dependence on x, i.e., the films with x = 0.68 show highest coercivity. The magnetic anisotropy of the samples is studied by ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectroscopy.
RESUMO
Mechanisms of non-radiative recombination of electron-hole complexes in Cd(Mn)Se/Zn(Mn)Se quantum dots accompanied by interconfigurational excitations of Mn(2+) ions are analyzed within the framework of the single-electron model of deep 3d levels in semiconductors. In addition to the mechanisms caused by Coulomb and exchange interactions, which are related because of the Pauli principle, another mechanism due to sp-d mixing is considered. It is shown that the Coulomb mechanism reduces to long-range dipole-dipole energy transfer from photoexcited quantum dots to Mn(2+) ions. The recombination due to the Coulomb mechanism is allowed for any states of Mn(2+) ions and e-h complexes. In contrast, short-range exchange and sp-d recombinations are subject to spin selection rules, which are the result of strong lh-hh splitting of hole states in quantum dots. Estimates show that efficiency of the sp-d mechanism can considerably exceed that of the Coulomb mechanism. The phonon-assisted recombination and processes involving the upper excited states of Mn(2+) ions are studied. The increase in PL intensity of an ensemble of quantum dots in a magnetic field perpendicular to the sample growth plane observed earlier is analyzed as a possible manifestation of the spin-dependent recombination.
RESUMO
A method is suggested for hybridological analysis of polygenic characters based on comparing the hybrid generation's arithmetical mean components with genotypic dispersion. The method allows determining the number of genes by which parental forms differ, type and value of the gene interaction. On this basis it is possible to predict splitting off definite genotypes as well as to plan ratiis is available.
