Interpersonal Problems of Young Adults With and Without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

Objective:Interpersonal functioning is a core area of impairment for young adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), yet the assessment of their interpersonal problems has not been approached using a comprehensive model of interpersonal behaviors. Method: Interpersonal problems of young adults with ADHD (n = 24) were compared to non-ADHD peers (n = 26) by self- and collateral-report using the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems-Circumplex-Item Response Theory (IIP-C-IRT). Results: Both self- and collateral-reports yielded significantly higher scores across interpersonal problem domains, except for self-reported Hostile-Dominant (HD) interpersonal problems. Discrepancy scores between self- and collateral-report supported larger differences in the ADHD versus non-ADHD groups for HD problems. Large correlations between collateral-reported family relationship impairments and HD problems were found only for the ADHD group. Conclusion: Young adults with ADHD have higher levels of interpersonal problems relative to their non-ADHD peers, but also appear to underreport HD interpersonal problems relative to non-ADHD peers, suggesting the presence of a bias. (J. of Att. Dis. XXXX; XX[X] XX-XX).

Efficacy of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate for promoting occupational success in adolescents and young adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

There has been a lack of research on the third area of impairment noted in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition-"occupational functioning." It is important to understand the impact of common treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in occupational settings. Twenty individuals with ADHD between ages 16 and 25 participated in a double-blind, placebo controlled evaluation of 40 mg lisdexamfetamine dimesylate in a setting designed to approximate a restaurant workplace with associated, simulated food delivery. Outcome measures included ratings of performance, as well as behavioral productivity. Results indicated that participants completed more workplace tasks when on medication, relative to placebo. Ratings of job application quality, job interview performance, and delivery outcomes were not significantly different on medication versus placebo. These results suggest positive effects of medication in a workplace environment, but also a need for study of additional interventions to support workplace-related behavior and functioning. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

A brief Dutch language Impact Message Inventory-Circumplex (IMI-C Short) using non-parametric item response theory.

OBJECTIVE: Non-Parametric IRT methods were applied to 127 clinicians' ratings of their patients using the Dutch Impact Message Inventory-Circumplex (IMI-C) to develop the IMI-C Short. METHOD: Four items from each octant subscale of the IMI-C were selected to maximally differentiate individuals along the continuum of impact messages. RESULTS: Using larger samples (patients: N = 700, 812; raters: N = 42, 85, respectively), IRT-based reliability was generally comparable between the brief and parent subscales. Classical Test Theory-based reliability was adequate for the brief subscales and they converged with their parent subscales. Since the IMI-C is purported to represent the circular arrangement of impact messages, the fits of the parent and abbreviated scales were assessed and found to be good and not differ significantly. CONCLUSION: The new IMI-C Short offers advantages over the full-length IMI-C.

A brief inventory of Interpersonal Problems-Circumplex using nonparametric item response theory: introducing the IIP-C-IRT.

Nonparametric item response theory methods were applied to the responses of 1,000 college students on the 64 items of the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems-Circumplex (IIP-C; Alden, Wiggins, & Pincus, 1990) to develop an abbreviated 32-item version of the instrument. In a separate validation sample of 981 students, the newly selected scale items did not show evidence of differential item functioning across males and females. There was high convergence found between the new scales and IIP-C parent scales, along with commensurate or improved fits to the circular structural model relative to the full scale and its existing brief derivatives-the IIP-32 and the IIP-SC. Results provide evidence that the new brief scales can improve the level of precision and information yielded in brief assessments of interpersonal problems without gender bias.

Interpersonal traits in childhood: development of the child and adolescent interpersonal survey.

The Child and Adolescent Interpersonal Survey (CAIS) consists of interpersonal trait descriptions that were generated to represent the constructs of the Interpersonal Circumplex model utilizing language accessible to children in a brief self-report format. Scale development entailed examining the structure at the item and scale levels with a sample of children (fourth and sixth graders) and at the scale level with college students. Internal consistency estimates for the majority of the CAIS scales were adequate given the brevity of the scales. The fits to the circular order model for the CAIS were very well supported across the child and adult samples, with no significant differences in the fit of the model across these samples. Generally strong associations were found between corresponding scales of the CAIS and the Interpersonal Adjective Scales in a college sample, and there were many structural similarities between these measures. For the child sample, the CAIS scales of Gregarious-Extraverted and Warm-Agreeable related strongly to corresponding Five-factor scales, and remaining scales related minimally to moderately.