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1.
Anal Sci ; 38(5): 777-785, 2022 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35286655

RESUMO

A novel hybrid material, which is an enzyme/inorganic nanosheet complex coated by molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP), was developed, and applied to colorimetric quercetin assay. First, an enzyme/inorganic nanosheet complex was prepared from horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme and titanate nanosheet (TiOx), using electrostatic interactions between them in acetate buffer. In the next place, dopamine self-polymerization was performed in the presence of HRP/TiOx complex with quercetin as a template, to prepare MIP membrane onto the HRP/TiOx complex. After washing process, a new hybrid material, MIP-coated HRP/TiOx complex (MIP-HT) was obtained. MIP-HT adsorbed quercetin efficiently, compared with NIP-HT that is an HRP/TiOx complex coated with non-imprinted polydopamine. MIP-HT showed enzymatic activity for an oxidation reaction of guaiacol, which is a chromogenic substrate of HRP, whereas the enzymatic activity of NIP-HT was significantly suppressed. The amount of brown product, formed by the color reaction, reduced owing to the presence of quercetin in sample solution, and a good liner relationship was observed between the concentration of quercetin and the increment of absorbance at 470 nm. The investigation using several biomolecules indicates that MIP-HT has the ability to detect quercetin and its analogues with selectivity. Therefore, MIP-HT shows great promise as a new and attractive material for use in colorimetric assay of quercetin or quercetin analogues.


Assuntos
Impressão Molecular , Quercetina , Colorimetria , Peroxidase do Rábano Silvestre/química , Indóis , Polímeros Molecularmente Impressos , Polímeros/química , Quercetina/química
2.
Anal Sci ; 34(5): 515-516, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29743420
3.
RSC Adv ; 8(36): 20347-20352, 2018 May 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35541646

RESUMO

The present study reports the effects of binding of lipase, which is an inexpensive digestive enzyme (candida antarctica lipase) that catalyzes the hydrolysis reaction and is frequently utilized for artificial synthesis of a variety of organic molecules, to titanate nanosheets (TNSs) on their biocatalytic activities and stabilities under several lipase concentrations. TNSs were prepared through a hydrolysis reaction of titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) with tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAOH), resulting in formation of a colorless and transparent colloidal solution including TNSs with nanometric dimensions (hydrodynamic diameter: ca. 5.6 nm). TNSs were bound to lipase molecules through electrostatic interaction in an aqueous phase at an appropriate pH, forming inorganic-bio nanohybrids (lipase-TNSs). The enzymatic reaction rate for hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl acetate (pNPA) catalyzed by the lipase-TNSs, especially in diluted lipase concentrations, was significantly improved more than 8 times as compared with free lipase. On the other hand, it was confirmed that heat tolerance of lipase was also improved by binding to TNSs. These results suggest that the novel lipase-TNSs proposed here have combined enhancements of the catalytic activity and the anti-denaturation stability of lipase.

4.
Anal Sci ; 33(9): 989-991, 2017.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28890499

RESUMO

Luminescent europium-doped layered titanates (Eu-TiOx) were synthesized and complexed with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and glucose oxidase (GOx). The emission of a resultant Eu-TiOx/HRP/GOx complex decreased upon the addition of glucose in the presence of guaiacol. The emission decrease was dependent on the concentrations of glucose, and the detection limit for glucose was 3.1 µM. The proposed system would be promising as a new detection method for glucose.


Assuntos
Técnicas Biossensoriais , Európio/química , Glucose Oxidase/metabolismo , Glucose/análise , Peroxidase do Rábano Silvestre/metabolismo , Titânio/química , Európio/metabolismo , Fluorescência , Glucose Oxidase/química , Peroxidase do Rábano Silvestre/química , Espectrometria de Fluorescência , Fatores de Tempo , Titânio/metabolismo
5.
Bioconjug Chem ; 26(10): 2161-6, 2015 Oct 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26439703

RESUMO

Catalytic performance of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) electrostatically adsorbed on nanometric and semiconducting Fe-doped titanate (FT) nanosheets was successfully manipulated by visible light illumination. A colloidal solution of FT with a narrow band gap corresponding to a visible light region was fabricated through a hydrolysis reaction of metals sources. HRP could be easily bound to the FT at pH = 4 through an electrostatic interaction between them, and the formed HRP-FT was utilized for the visible-light-driven enzymatic reaction. Under exposure to visible light with enough energy for band gap excitation of the FT, catalytic activity of HRP-FT was dramatically enhanced as compared with free (unbound) HRP and was simply adjusted by light intensity. In addition, wavelength dependence of an enzymatic reaction rate was analogous to an optical absorption spectrum of the FT. These results substantiated an expected reaction mechanism in which the photoenzymatic reaction was initiated by band gap excitation of FT followed by transferring holes generated in the valence band of irradiated FT to HRP. The excited HRP oxidized substrates (amplex ultrared: AUR) accompanied by two-electron reduction to regenerate the resting state. In addition, the catalytic activity was clearly switched by turning on and off the light source.


Assuntos
Peroxidase do Rábano Silvestre/química , Peroxidase do Rábano Silvestre/metabolismo , Nanoestruturas/química , Titânio/química , Catálise , Coloides/química , Ferro/química , Luz , Espectrofotometria Ultravioleta , Eletricidade Estática , Difração de Raios X
6.
J Phys Chem B ; 119(16): 5309-14, 2015 Apr 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25822086

RESUMO

Colloidal solutions of Ce-doped titanate nanosheets (Ce-TNS) with tiny dimensions (<10 nm) were fabricated through a hydrolysis reaction of titanium tetraisopropoxide and Ce(NO3)3, and their annihilation activity for reactive oxygen species (ROS) was investigated. The obtained Ce-TNS had an akin crystal structure to layered tetratitanate (Ti4O9(2-)) and Ce ions occupied interlayer space between the host layers with a negative charge. The Ce-TNS possessed a superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic activity for disproportionation of superoxide anion radicals (O2(-)) as target ROS. It was explained that the annihilation of O2(-) caused a valence fluctuation of Ce ions existing in the interlayer. Moreover, the activity of Ce-TNS exceeded that of CeO2 nanoparticles recently attracting much attention as an inorganic SOD mimic. The superior performance was explained mainly by a high dispersion stability of the Ce-TNS bringing about a huge reaction area. Moreover, the Ce-TNS protected DNA molecules from ultraviolet light induced oxidative damage, demonstrating effectiveness as one of the new inorganic protecting agents for biomolecules and tissues.


Assuntos
Materiais Biomiméticos/metabolismo , Cério/metabolismo , Nanopartículas/química , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Titânio/metabolismo , Materiais Biomiméticos/química , Cério/química , Ativação Enzimática , Superóxido Dismutase/química , Titânio/química
7.
Anal Sci ; 28(11): 1059-64, 2012.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23149605

RESUMO

The chemisorption of oligodeoxynucleotide phosphorothioate (s-oligo) is reported. A series of s-oligo DNAs was designed for use as capture probe DNA molecules. The s-oligo DNAs consist of the K-ras gene (5'-GGA GCT GGT GGC-3') and a dodecamer deoxyriboadenosine, both of which lie on either side of an s-oligo DNA sequence. By primarily focusing on the capture probe DNA having five-successive s-oligo sequences, e37, the immobilization chemistry of e37 was examined; atomic force microscopy achieved the direct visualization of individual molecules on Au(111) substrates, while a series of surface analyses, including IR, ellipsometry, and microgravimetry, showed that the s-oligo functional groups played a pivotal role in the surface-adlayer through the gold-thiol interaction. Interestingly, the amount of immobilization showed a definite relationship with the number of s-oligo linkages introduced, which should be important to regulate the concentration of the capture probe DNA molecules on the surface. Some preliminary studies using ferrocene-modified complementary sequences indicated that electrochemical labeling and readouts were possible.


Assuntos
DNA/química , Ouro/química , Hibridização de Ácido Nucleico , Oligonucleotídeos Fosforotioatos/química , Adsorção , DNA/genética , Oligonucleotídeos Fosforotioatos/genética , Propriedades de Superfície
8.
Anal Sci ; 28(10): 939-45, 2012.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23059988

RESUMO

An AFM-imaging-based method for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis is described. A stem-loop-forming 34-mer oligonucleotide (p34s) was designed. p34s contains the complementary sequence for K-ras (5'-GGT GGC-3', t6G), one of the human oncogenes, at the 5'-end for target-recognition and five successive phosphorothioate linkages in the loop. The functional probe, either alone or hybridized with target DNA (p34s/t6G), relaxed upon treatment with "opener" DNA. The template/target DNA interstrand hybridization product is covalently connected by ligase if the correct target is used, but not hybridized species including mismatches. With these results, developed was a solid-phase SNP assay by transferring an aliquot of the product onto an Au(111) substrate for self-assembly, followed by AFM imaging. Clear contrasts that allow the detection of SNPs, were observed for the ligated and non-ligated species representing the loop-to-linear conformational change. Simple statistical surface-roughness analysis determined the lowest concentration of the sample to be 5 × 10(-10) M, whose necessary sample quantity was 5 fmol.


Assuntos
Sondas de DNA/química , DNA/química , Microscopia de Força Atômica/métodos , Sondas de Oligonucleotídeos/química , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , Sequência de Bases , DNA/genética , Sondas de DNA/genética , Genes ras/genética , Indicadores e Reagentes/química , Sequências Repetidas Invertidas , Modelos Moleculares , Conformação de Ácido Nucleico , Hibridização de Ácido Nucleico , Sondas de Oligonucleotídeos/genética
9.
Talanta ; 96: 132-9, 2012 Jul 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22817940

RESUMO

The performance of an organic thin film photodiode (OPD), fabricated from a hetero-junction comprised of two layers of C(60) and a phthalocyanine-Cu(II) complex was evaluated by detecting the chemiluminescence generated from the reaction of luminol with horseradish peroxidase in the presence of H(2)O(2), and the fluorescence from resorufin, as an optical detector. The photocurrent of the OPD was linear with respect to the power of light from a commercial LED. The sensitivity of the OPD was sufficient for detecting chemiluminescence with a power 0.1µW/cm(2). The OPD was successfully used in a flow-immunoassay for IgA, a marker of human stress, in which a sandwich immunoassay was carried out on the microchip and the fluorescence from resorufin, produced by the enzymatic reaction, was detected. The detection limits for resorufin and IgA were 5.0µM and 16ng/mL, respectively. The photosensitivity of the OPD remained relatively constant for a minimum of one year.


Assuntos
Análise de Injeção de Fluxo/métodos , Fluorometria/métodos , Fulerenos/química , Imunoensaio/métodos , Imunoglobulina A/análise , Indóis/química , Fenômenos Ópticos , Compostos Organometálicos/química , Animais , Bovinos , Condutividade Elétrica , Análise de Injeção de Fluxo/instrumentação , Fluorometria/instrumentação , Humanos , Imunoensaio/instrumentação , Técnicas Analíticas Microfluídicas , Oxazinas/química
10.
Talanta ; 94: 36-43, 2012 May 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22608411

RESUMO

A novel fluorimetric assay for dopamine using calcein blue (CB) complexed with Fe(2+) ion as a chemical sensor is described. The fluorescence arising from CB of the CB-Fe(2+) complex is quenched by the Fe(2+) ion. When dopamine is added to a solution of the CB-Fe(2+) complex, a dopamine-Fe(2+) complex is formed as the result of a ligand exchange reaction between CB and dopamine which permits the fluorescence from CB to be recovered. The fluorescence intensity at the wavelength of 440 nm (at the excitation wavelength of 340 nm) was found to be proportional to the concentration of the dopamine added to the CB-Fe(2+) complex solution, which permits dopamine to be quantitatively determined. The selectivity for dopamine in the presence of other catecholamines and related compounds was good. The calibration curve for dopamine, determined using experimental data was successfully simulated based on the equilibrium of the ligand exchange reaction between CB and dopamine. The working range is from 50 µM to 1mM and the limit of detection and limit of quantization are ca 10 µM and 50 µM, respectively. The assay is simple and economical, compared with conventional methods such as an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).


Assuntos
Complexos de Coordenação/química , Dopamina/análise , Fluoresceínas/química , Ferro/química , Bioensaio , Calibragem , Cátions Bivalentes , Fluorescência , Fluorometria , Ligantes , Limite de Detecção , Soluções
11.
Anal Sci ; 27(11): 1069-76, 2011.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22076332

RESUMO

Sequential injection immunoassay systems for environmental measurements based on the selective immunoreaction between antigen and antibody were described. A sequential injection analysis (SIA) technique is suitable to be applied for the procedure of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), because the washing and the addition of reagent solutions can be automated by using a computer-controlled syringe pump and switching valve. We selected vitellogenin (Vg), which is a biomarker for evaluating environmental risk caused by endocrine-disrupting chemicals in the hydrosphere, and linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) and alkylphenol polyethoxylates (APEO), which are versatile surfactants, as target analytes in the flow immunoassay systems. For Vg monitoring, SIA systems based on spectrophotometric, chemiluminescence, and electrochemical determinations were constructed. On the other hand, chemiluminescence determination was applied to the detection of LAS and APEO. For APEO, an SIA system combined with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor was also developed. These new sequential injection immunoassay systems are expected to be useful systems for environmental analysis.


Assuntos
Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/métodos , Análise de Injeção de Fluxo/métodos , Vitelogeninas/análise , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Animais , Biomarcadores/análise , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Monitoramento Ambiental/instrumentação , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/instrumentação , Análise de Injeção de Fluxo/instrumentação , Vitelogeninas/metabolismo , Poluentes Químicos da Água/metabolismo
12.
J Sep Sci ; 34(20): 2913-9, 2011 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21928434

RESUMO

A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor on a compact disk (CD)-type microfluidic device was developed to miniaturize the elements of a complete analytical system, pump and valves. The CD-type microfluidic device was fabricated by attaching a polydimethylsiloxane disk plate that contained microchannels and reservoirs to a flat polycarbonate disk plate that contained grating films with a thin layer of Au. The optical system of the SPR sensor and the theory for its operation are based on the principle of a grating coupled-type SPR. The sample and reagent solutions in the reservoirs on the CD-type microfluidic device were sequentially introduced into the detection chamber by centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the microfluidic device. The variation of resonance wavelength was dependent on the refractive index of the sample solution. This CD-type SPR sensor was successfully used in an immunoassay of immunoglobulin A (IgA). The anti-IgA, blocking reagent, sample and washing solution in the reservoirs were sequentially introduced into the detection chamber by changing the frequency of rotation of the microfluidic device. IgA in the sample solution was adsorbed to the anti-IgA immobilized on the Au thin layer in the detection chamber and was then detected by the SPR sensor.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Anti-Idiotípicos/análise , Técnicas Biossensoriais/métodos , Imunoglobulina A/análise , Técnicas Analíticas Microfluídicas/métodos , Ressonância de Plasmônio de Superfície/métodos , Técnicas Biossensoriais/instrumentação , Discos Compactos , Humanos , Técnicas Analíticas Microfluídicas/instrumentação , Ressonância de Plasmônio de Superfície/instrumentação
13.
J Sep Sci ; 34(20): 2906-12, 2011 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21898810

RESUMO

A fluorescence detection system for a microfluidic device using an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) as the excitation light source and a charge-coupled device (CCD) as the photo detector was developed. The OLED was fabricated on a glass plate by photolithography and a vacuum deposition technique. The OLED produced a green luminescence with a peak emission at 512 nm and a half bandwidth of 55 nm. The maximum external quantum efficiency of the OLED was 7.2%. The emission intensity of the OLED at 10 mA/cm(2) was 13 µW (1.7 mW/cm(2)). The fluorescence detection system consisted of the OLED device, two band-pass filters, a five microchannel poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microfluidic device and a linear CCD. The fluorescence detection system was successfully used in a flow-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on a PDMS microfluidic device for the rapid determination of immunoglobulin A (IgA), a marker for human stress. The detection limit (S/N=3) for IgA was 16.5 ng/mL, and the sensitivity was sufficient for evaluating stress. Compared with the conventional 96-well microtiter plate assay, the analysis time and the amounts of reagent and sample solutions could all be reduced.


Assuntos
Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/métodos , Imunoglobulina A/análise , Técnicas Analíticas Microfluídicas/métodos , Espectrometria de Fluorescência/métodos , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/instrumentação , Humanos , Indicadores e Reagentes , Técnicas Analíticas Microfluídicas/instrumentação , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Espectrometria de Fluorescência/instrumentação
14.
Talanta ; 85(4): 1730-3, 2011 Sep 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21872010

RESUMO

A simple and sensitive flow injection fluorometric method for the determination of ascorbic acid is described. Perylenebisimide-linked nitroxide (PBILN) is used as a fluorescent reagent, which permits the selective determination of ascorbic acid. The fluorescence of the perylenebisimide moiety in PBILN is quenched by the nitroxide moiety, which is linked to the perylenebisimide. When a stream of a solution of ascorbic acid is merged with a stream of PBILN, the ascorbic acid reacts with the nitroxide moiety of PBILN to form hydroxylamine, and the fluorescence properties of the perylenebisimide moiety are recovered. As a result, a peak-shaped fluorescence signal is produced, which can be observed by a fluorescence detector located downstream. Under optimized conditions, a good linear relationship between the concentration of ascorbic acid and peak height in the concentration range from 0.5 to 10 µmol L(-1) was found and the detection limit (S/N=3) was 0.28 µmol L(-1). The relative standard deviation for the determination of 4.0 µmol L(-1) ascorbic acid samples was 1.0% (n=5). The proposed method was applied to the determination of ascorbic acid in several soft drink beverages and the analytical results were in good agreement with those obtained using a conventional method.


Assuntos
Ácido Ascórbico/análise , Óxidos N-Cíclicos/química , Análise de Injeção de Fluxo/métodos , Fluorometria/métodos , Perileno/análogos & derivados , Ácido Ascórbico/química , Bebidas/análise , Calibragem , Indicadores e Reagentes/química , Perileno/química , Fatores de Tempo
15.
Talanta ; 85(3): 1233-7, 2011 Sep 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21807176

RESUMO

Perylene bisimide (PBI) is a fluorescent dye which has strong emission and high photostability. Although PBI has been widely used for industrial materials, the application of PBI in analytical fields was limited mainly due to its high hydrophobicity. In recent years, however, unique and useful analytical methods based on PBI platform are being successfully developed by utilizing the characteristic features of this compound including its high hydrophobicity. In this article, the recent trend of environmental and biological analysis using PBI is reviewed.


Assuntos
Técnicas Biossensoriais/métodos , Ecologia/métodos , Corantes Fluorescentes/química , Imidas/química , Perileno/análogos & derivados , Aldeídos/análise , Aldeídos/química , Técnicas de Química Analítica/métodos , Cobre/análise , Cobre/química , Etanol/análise , Etanol/química , Humanos , Perileno/química , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes
16.
Bioorg Med Chem Lett ; 20(22): 6708-11, 2010 Nov 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20889338

RESUMO

A novel fluorescent probe composed of two moieties, Nile Red and an iminodiacetic acid-Ni(2+) complex, for the detection of histamine in living cells is described. The probe was successfully applied to visualizing histamine in RAW264 cells, representing the first demonstration of the imaging of histamine itself in living cells.


Assuntos
Corantes Fluorescentes/metabolismo , Histamina/metabolismo , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Camundongos , Microscopia de Fluorescência
17.
Chem Commun (Camb) ; 46(31): 5683-5, 2010 Aug 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20596585

RESUMO

Using atomic microscopy imaging, probe DNA sequence self-assemblies developed on Si(100) substrates undergo a conformational transition from an extended stem-loop structure to a double helix; such assemblies readily report on DNA molecular recognition events and should be suitable as a label-free, DNA hybridisation assay platform.


Assuntos
DNA/análise , Microscopia de Força Atômica/métodos , Hibridização de Ácido Nucleico/métodos , Sondas de Oligonucleotídeos/química , Conformação de Ácido Nucleico , Dióxido de Silício/química
18.
Anal Biochem ; 404(2): 135-9, 2010 Sep 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20450876

RESUMO

We report on a novel histamine monitoring method by using a fluorescent probe, a complex between Ni(2+) and calcein, based on a ligand exchange mechanism. The fluorescence intensity of this probe, which has been reduced due to effective quenching by Ni(2+) ion, increases drastically by an addition of histamine. Furthermore, the probe shows high selectivity toward histamine among the various neurotransmitters in 0.1M phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4). Biomonitoring studies to detect histamine released from RAW264 cells are successfully represented.


Assuntos
Corantes Fluorescentes/química , Histamina/análise , Ligantes , Espectrometria de Fluorescência/métodos , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Fluoresceínas/química , Camundongos , Níquel/química
19.
Anal Chim Acta ; 658(1): 12-7, 2010 Jan 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20082769

RESUMO

The possibility of applying antimony-film modified glassy carbon electrode in sequential-injection analysis (SIA) was investigated with the objective of determining Pb(II) and Cd(II) by anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV). The conditions of antimony-film deposition concerning composition of the plating/carrier solutions, concentrations of Sb(III) and hydrochloric acid, effects of different supporting electrolyte salts, and plating potential were optimized. It was found that the antimony-film deposition on glassy carbon substrate in a sample solution consisting of 750 microg L(-1) Sb(III), 0.5 mol L(-1) HCl at -1.5 V (vs. Ag/AgCl/3 mol L(-1) KCl) yielded a modified electrode suitable for the determination of Pb(II) and Cd(II) at the microg L(-1) level. The reproducibility of the analytical signals was characterized by a relative standard deviation lower than 2.8%, and the calculated values of detection limits were 1.2 microg L(-1) for Pb(II) and 1.4 microg L(-1) for Cd(II). The presence of KSCN in the sample solution offers the possibility of detecting ions with more negative oxidation potentials like Zn(II), Mn(II) or Cr(III). The developed SIA-ASV procedure was compared with the commonly used batch method, and its applicability was tested on a spiked tap water sample.

20.
Anal Sci ; 25(8): 993-8, 2009 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19667476

RESUMO

A new class of DNA probes having a mechanically detectable tag is reported. The DNA probe, which consists of a single-stranded recognition sequence and a double-stranded circular DNA entity, was prepared by polymerase reaction. M13mp18 single strand and a 32mer oligodeoxynucleotide whose 5'-end is decorated with the recognition sequence were used in combination as template and primer, respectively. We have successfully demonstrated that the DNA probe is useful for bioanalytical purposes: by deliberately attaching target DNA molecules onto Au(111) substrates and by mechanically reading out the tag-entity using a high-resolution microscopy including atomic force microscopy, visualization/detection of the individual target/probe DNA conjugate was possible simply yet straightforwardly. The present DNA probe can be characterized as a 100%-nucleic acid product material. It is simply available by one-pod synthesis. A surface topology parameter, image roughness, has witnessed its importance as a quantitative analysis index with particular usability in the present visualization/detection method.


Assuntos
DNA de Cadeia Simples/química , DNA/química , Hibridização de Ácido Nucleico , Oligonucleotídeos/química , DNA/síntese química , DNA de Cadeia Simples/síntese química , Genes ras/fisiologia , Humanos , Microscopia de Força Atômica/métodos , Oligonucleotídeos/síntese química
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