[Morphologic and molecular manifestations of hybrid dysgenesis in ontogenesis of Drosophila virilis].

Disorders of germ track cell development that take place in crossbreeding of certain lines of Drosophila virilis and lead to hybrid dysgenesis (HD) syndrome have been studied. Polar cells and germ line cells were identified with specific antibodies against Vasa protein. It has been shown that abnormalities of formation of primary gonads takes place already at the 11-12 stage of embryo development and the consequences of germ line cell death lead to disorders of gonad development at the following stages of ontogenesis of dysgenic hybrids. The start point of germ line cell death in embryogenesis as well as initiation of transcription of Penelope retroelement, which is supposed to play a significant role in HD syndrome development in D. virilis, were estimated.

[The characteristics of embryogenesis and oogenesis in Adalia bipunctata L. and Harmonia axyridis Pall. beetles in all-female families]. / Osobennosti émbriogeneza i oogeneza zhukov Adalia bipunctata L. i Harmonia axyridis Pall. v bessamtsovykh sem'iakh.

We describe abnormal embryonic development leading to death of 50% of embryos in all-female lines of Adalia and Harmonia infected with an androcide Spiroplasma. The arrest of embryonic development takes place at different stages throughout embryogenesis. Oogenesis of the infected beetles proceeds without any significant morphological changes.

[The reproductive history of female blood-sucking mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae)]. / Reproduktivnaia istoriia samok krovososushchikh komarov (Diptera, Culicidae).

The author classifies current data on the morphology and function of normal and abnormal mosquito ovarioles, obtained with the use of intraovarian oil injections. A combined method for analysis of the female reproductive history is described, that helps elucidate the female reproductive age (the number of ovipositions), the initial fecundity (the number of normal and abnormal ovarioles), the potential fecundity in each gonotrophic cycle (the number of ovarioles with functional germarium), the total potential fecundity (the sum of potential fecundity values in each gonotrophic cycle), the actual fecundity (the number of eggs laid by females) in each gonotrophic cycle, and the total actual fecundity (the number of eggs laid over the female life). The method consists of 3 steps: (1) obtaining of an ovarian preparation, making use of an intraovarian oil injection, that permits a detailed study of every ovariole; (2) inventory of all the ovarioles in the ovary (3 methods are offered for the purpose); (3) quantitative analysis of female reproductive history. The general rule for determination of the reproductive age is as follows: every dilatation, the vestigial ones included, and every granulated site of an egg sac correspond to one reproductive cycle in a normal ovariole. Their sum in an ovariole represents the value of the female reproductive age. The number of the eggs developing in each ovariole corresponds to the number of granulated sites of the egg sac. The potential fecundity may reduce from cycle to cycle, because some ovarioles may become sterile.

[The morphofunctional changes in the ovarioles of blood-sucking mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae) during oogenesis. 4. The cells of the ovariole lumen]. / Morfofunktsional'nye izmeneniia ovariol krovososushchikh komarov (Diptera, Culicidae) v protsesse oogeneza. Soobshchenie 4. kletki prosveta ovaiol.

Lumen cells were found in female ovarioles of 15 bloodsucking mosquitoes studied, that were called so because of their similarity with the cells found by R. King in Drosophila melanogaster. The mosquito lumen cells differ by the morphology and position in the ovariole. Seven morphologic variants were distinguished: (1) irregular-shaped cells in the ovarian filament; (2) large spheroid cells in ovariolar filament; (3) round cells under ovariolar membrane near the connective stems or end pedicle; (4) drop-shaped cells, attached by their 'tail' to the ovariole; (5) 'lenticular' (in the transverse section) cells, often attached to the ovariole; (6) kidney-shaped cells spread on ovariolar surface; (7) large round cells in egg sac granulated sites. The authors suggest that all these cells may be referred to the same type, possibly to polygonal phagocytic cells in different periods of their activity. These cells seem to play an important role in abortive oogenesis processes in mosquitoes. The more abnormal is ovariolar function, the more lumen cells this ovariole contains. Such cells were the most incident in Anopheles females: sometimes a single ovariole contained as many as 15-17 lumen cells.

[The morphofunctional changes in the ovarioles of blood-sucking mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae) during oogenesis. 3. Anomalous forms of the ovarioles]. / Morfofunktsional'nye izmeneniia ovariol krovososushchikh komarov (Diptera, Culicidae) v protsesse oogeneza. Soobshchenie 3. Anomal'nye formy ovariol.

The authors describe blood-sucking mosquito ovarioles in which the development of germarium or follicles is abnormal and asynchronous with the gonotrophic cycles. The following morphologic variants of abnormal ovarioles may be distinguished: club-shaped without follicles; multichamber with several follicles; miniature with a diminished follicle; with atypical oocyte number in a follicle. The ovariole sterility may be due to cessation of germarium functioning (club-shaped ovarioles consisting of flat mesodermal cells), or to rapid or slow, as against that in the reproductive cycle, rate of follicle detachment from germarium, followed by follicle degeneration (ovarioles with aberrant dilatations). After 3-4 reproductive cycles there is a trend to localization of abnormal ovarioles near large tracheas in sites depleted for tracheoles. This is particularly typical of Anopheles messeae. The authors come to a conclusion that oocyte and follicle elimination is a normal phenomenon is nature, and that their abnormal development is explained by the effects of different factors.

[Fractional analysis of urinary alpha-amylase as a probe-free method of diagnosis of biliary dyskinesia in children]. / Fraktsionnoe opredelenie alpha-amilazy mochi kak bezzondovyi metod diagnostiki diskinezii zhelchevyvodiashchikh putei v detskom vozraste.

To diagnose biliary dyskinesia (BD) in children, a method of urine alpha-amylase measurement is offered. It is based on the presence of a direct and close correlation between amylase activity and the amount of endogenous cholecystokinin-pancreozymin in the same portion of the urine. It is concluded that fractional measurement of urine alpha-amylase can be used for diagnosing BD in childhood as a tentative test. It is advisable that it may be used for examining younger children and in cases where the employment of other methods of examination is not feasible.

[Morphofunctional changes of the ovarioles of blood-sucking mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae) during oogenesis. 2. Abortive oogenesis]. / Morfofunktsional'nye izmeneniia ovariol krovososushchikh komarov (Diptera, Culicidae) v protsesse oogeneza. Soobshchenie 2. Abortivnyi oogenez.

The types of follicle's degeneration of 15 blood-sucking mosquito species were studied. Pregonotrophic degeneration takes place in 1-5 ovarioles immediately after imago hatching before feeding. Agonotrophic degeneration takes place in different number of ovarioles during long periods of sugar feeding. Gonotrophic degeneration takes place in some ovarioles at the same time with normal maturation of eggs in most of ovarioles after blood sucking. In ovarioles the relics are formed as a result of follicles' degeneration only and are named pregonotrophic, agonotrophic, gonotrophic relics, respectively. The possible causes of oosorption at different variants of follicles' degeneration are discussed.

[Morphofunctional changes in the ovarioles of blood-sucking mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae) during oogenesis. I. Normal oogenesis]. / Morfofunktsional'nye izmeneniia ovariol krovososushchikh komarov (Diptera, Culicidae) v protsesse oogeneza. Soobshcheniie I. Normal'nyi oogenez.

Contemporary level of knowledge of morphological specificities of the mosquitos' ovariole development during normal oogenesis is analysed basing on the authors' proper research and literature data. Disputable problems of morphofunctional role of certain ovariole structures are discussed. The paper is illustrated by photos and pictures of ovarioles from the moment of germarium formation to the beginning of vitellogenesis.

[Endocrine apparatus of the duodenal epithelium in chronic gastroduodenitis in children]. / Endokrinnyi apparat épiteliia dvenadtsatiperstnoi kishki pri khronicheskom gastroduodenite u detei.

Ultrastructural organization of the endocrine apparatus of the duodenum in children suffering from chronic gastroduodenitis was studied on 15 biopsies, and its involvement in pathological process is shown. Signs of the functional activity enhancement on the one hand and those of damage on the other hand are observed in the cells. Apart from that, poorly differentiated endocrine cells and "mixed" endocrine and exo-endocrine cells which can be considered as a manifestation of endocrine elements recovery appear in the duodenal epithelium.

[Analysis of the reproductive cycles of blood-sucking mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae)]. / Analiz reproduktivnykh tsiklov krovososushchikh komarov (Diptera, Culicidae).

The classificatory scheme of morphofunctional description of ovariole system of blood-sucky mosquitoes has been elaborated. The formalized procedure for diagnostic of females reproductive status based on the ovary morphology has been described. Using this scheme a new method for estimation of reproductive age of mosquito females has been suggested. The analysis of the diagnostic quality of the reproductive age has been conducted using given method.