[Postmortem computed tomography of the frozen corpse]. / Posmertnaya komp'yuternaya tomografiya oledenevshego trupa.

The purpose of the work is to identify the possibilities of computed tomography in establishing postmortem changes in the bones of the skeleton and internal organs during in a frozen corpse. The article describes a case from thanatological practice with the performance of a pre-sectional computed tomography of a corpse of a young woman found in a forest in a state of complete freezing. As a result of the study, CT images of frozen internal organs were obtained, which are never found in clinical practice. Significant changes in the CT pattern were revealed due to a decrease in the density of the frozen zones. The use of pre-sectional computed tomography enabled to identify postmortem changes in internal organs formed during freezing of the corpse; the position of the corpse during its glaciation and the uniformity of the freezing process.

[About the term «newborn¼ in forensic medicine]. / K ponyatiyu «novorozhdennyi¼ v sudebnoi meditsine.

The aim of this work is to prove necessity of using the term «newborn¼ as common both in forensic medicine and general medicine (from the moment of birth till 28th day), to show legality of using the term «signs of recent birth¼, to demonstrate the importance of understanding not only the higher border in definition of neonatal period but its initial moment that is necessary to solve some investigative questions and determine legal capacity of people and provide criminal justice defense of citizens' life and health.

[Ophthalmotonus examination in children (4-17 years) to determine the time of death]. / Izuchenie urovnya oftal'motonusa u detei (4­17 let) dlya opredeleniya davnosti nastupleniya smerti.

This article presents data on the analysis of intravital and postmortem intraocular pressure (IOP) values in children aged 4 to 17 years. Intravital ophthalmotonus values were analyzed according to medical records of 991 children; the mean value for the age of 4-17 years was determined as 19±3 mm Hg with a confidence level of more than 95%. Postmortem IOP values were studied in 158 deceased subjects (28.440 measures) with follow-up from 1 to 12 h after death. The relationship between postmortem IOP values and time in children aged 4 to 17 years is linear, allowing to calculation the time of death by mathematical modeling and determining the predicted time of death range with a probability of more than 95%. Postmortem IOP values in the examination of deceased children aged 4 to 17 years can be used as an additional criterion in determining the time of death as a postmortem interval with a confidence not less than 95% with the minimum range not less than 2 hours.

[Postmortem intraocular pressure values in children (0-3 years old) depending on time elapsed from the moment of death]. / Posmertnye znacheniya vnutriglaznogo davleniya u detei (0­3 goda) v zavisimosti ot davnosti nastupleniya smerti.

This article presents data on the analysis of intravital and postmortem intraocular pressure values in children aged 0 to 3 years. Intravital intraocular pressure values were analyzed according to medical records in 1 643 children, and the average values were calculated. The intravital intraocular pressure values in children aged 0 to 2 years were found to be 14±2 mm Hg, and in children aged 2 to 3 years, 15±3 mm Hg, with an error-free prediction probability of more than 95 %. Postmortem intraocular pressure values were determined in 12 960 measurements in 192 deceased patients with a time elapsed from the moment of death ranging from 1 to 12 hours. It was demonstrated that postmortem intraocular pressure values in the examination of deceased children aged 0 to 3 years can be used as an additional criterion in determining the time of death as a postmortem interval with a probability of error-free prediction not less than 95 % with the minimum range not less than 3 hours.

[Determination of the death time in children (1-3 years old) by the muscle contraction swelling (idiomuscular tumor)]. / Opredelenie vremeni nastupleniya smerti u detei (1­3 goda) po valiku myshechnogo sokrashcheniya (idiomuskulyarnaya opukhol').

THE AIM OF THE STUDY: Was to research the muscles response in children during three years of their life to mechanical stimulation with evaluation of the maximum time of its occurrence from 2 to 15 hours of the postmortem period. Assessment of the muscles response to mechanical stress is one of the methods for determining the time of death coming. For the deceased of mature age, there is very little scientific data on this topic and for children and adolescents there is none at all. The results of a study of 244 children corpses aged 1 to 3 years with a precisely established time of death within 2 to 15 hours of the postmortem period are presented. Two 2 age groups have been identified: 1st - from 1 to 2 years, 2nd - from 2 to 3 years. It was determined that the response of muscles to mechanical stress in children depends on age and does not depend on gender. The time of occurrence of the muscle contraction swelling for each age group was established. The results of the study are the first reliable evidence of the postmortem time limit of muscle contraction swelling onset in children of different age groups.