Electrochemical hydrocarboxylation of enol derivatives with CO2: access to ß-acetoxycarboxylic acids.

Electrochemical hydrocarboxylation of enol acetates with CO2 is developed. The disclosed process provides ß-acetoxycarboxylic acids in 25-66% yields, in contrast to the electrolysis of ketones, silyl enol ethers and vinyl tosylates with CO2, which leads mainly to alcohols.

Synthesis, crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of 3-(4-fluoro-phen-yl)-2-formyl-7-methyl-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-1-ium chloride monohydrate.

In the title salt, C15H12FN2O+·Cl-·H2O, the imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-1-ium ring system of the cation is almostly planar [maximum deviaition = -0.047 (2) Šfor the ring C atom with the attached arene ring] and forms a dihedral angle of 61.81 (6)° with the plane of the fluoro-phenyl ring. In the crystal, water mol-ecules form an R 2 4(8) motif parallel to the (100) plane by bonding with the chloride ions via O-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds. The cations are connected along the b axis via N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds involving the O atoms of water mol-ecules, and C-H⋯O, C-H⋯Cl and π-π inter-actions [centroid-to-centroid distance = 3.6195 (8) Å] form layers parallel to the (100) plane. Furthermore, these layers are connected via π-π inter-actions [centroid-to-centroid distance = 3.8051 (9) Å] that further consolidate the crystal structure.

CO2-Assisted Sugar Cane Gasification Using Transition Metal Catalysis: An Impact of Metal Loading on the Catalytic Behavior.

To meet the increasing needs of fuels, especially non-fossil fuels, the production of "bio-oil" is proposed and many efforts have been undertaken to find effective ways to transform bio-wastes into valuable substances to obtain the fuels and simultaneously reduce carbon wastes, including CO2. This work is devoted to the gasification of sugar cane bagasse to produce CO in the process assisted by CO2. The metals were varied (Fe, Co, or Ni), along with their amounts, in order to find the optimal catalyst composition. The materials were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and electron diffraction, and were tested in the process of CO2-assisted gasification. The catalysts based on Co and Ni demonstrate the best activity among the investigated systems: the conversion of CO2 reached 88% at ~800 °C (vs. 20% for the pure sugarcane bagasse). These samples contain metallic Co or Ni, while Fe is in oxide form.