Transformation of a long-standing phosphaturic tumor-inducing osteomalacia into malignancy.

Key Clinical Message: Tumor-induced osteomalacia is a paraneoplastic syndrome characterized by renal phosphate wasting and deranged bone turnover. Clinicians should consider tumor-induced osteomalacia in unexplained hypophosphatemia and investigate for underlying tumors. Abstract: Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome characterized by renal phosphate wasting, which leads to deranged bone turnover. TIO is usually associated with benign mesenchymal tumors, although it has also been reported in malignant tumors. We present the case of a 56-year-old individual who experienced a protracted 6-year clinical course characterized by hypophosphatemia, weakness, and kyphosis, alongside the presence of a foot tumor. Subsequently, this lesion displayed malignant behavior and was ultimately diagnosed as a high-grade sarcoma. To date, this case is among the 10 reported cases in the literature of a mesenchymal tumor associated with TIO undergoing malignant transformation. This report underscores the importance of a comprehensive evaluation of patients with unexplained hypophosphatemia and highlights the need for diligent follow-up to detect possible malignant transformation of the underlying tumor. Clinicians should consider TIO in the differential diagnosis of hypophosphatemia and promptly investigate for the presence of an underlying tumor, as early detection may improve the patient's prognosis.

Failing in reverse: a case report of reverse Takotsubo syndrome complicating peripartum.

Background: Pregnancy and the peripartum are states of stress for the cardiovascular system. These conditions can trigger different cardiomyopathies. Among these, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC) has been increasingly recognized as a cause of transient left ventricular dysfunction associated with pregnancy. Case summary: We present the case of a 31-year-old multiparous woman with an unusual variant of TC after caesarean delivery. Discussion: Peripartum cardiomyopathy and TC are particularly interesting differential diagnoses for new systolic dysfunction in pregnancy. Some features, such as the time of presentation, regional or diffuse wall motion abnormalities, evolution, and biomarkers, can guide the clinician to the right diagnosis.

A novel mutation c.457C > T p.Q153 in the HMBS gene in a Mexican woman with acute intermittent porphyria.

Key Clinical Message: The detection of a novel HMBS gene mutation (c.457C > T) in a Mexican woman with acute intermittent porphyria underscores the importance of expanding genetic analyses in diverse populations to improve diagnosis, management, and knowledge of the disease's clinical implications. Abstract: Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by a deficiency in the enzymatic activity of porphobilinogen deaminase (HMBS), resulting in the accumulation of toxic heme metabolites. In this report, we present the case of a Mexican woman with AIP who experienced recurrent episodes of severe abdominal pain, weakness, vomiting, and insomnia. Despite the challenges in diagnosis and treatment, genetic analysis revealed a novel HMBS mutation, c.457C > T (p.Q153X), located in exon 9. This mutation induces a premature translational stop codon and had not been previously reported in medical literature among individuals with AIP. Remarkably, the patient exhibited a positive response to RNA interference therapy. We hypothesize that this novel HMBS mutation may potentially account for the more severe clinical presentation observed in this case. However, further research is necessary to establish a definitive link between this specific mutation and disease severity. The prevalence and genetic variants of AIP in Mexico remain largely unknown, underscoring the importance of conducting additional research and expanding genetic analyses to gain a better understanding of the clinical implications associated with these mutations.

Echocardiographic manifestations during the first 3 months after an episode of COVID-19 and their relationship with disease severity and persistence of symptoms.

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular manifestations in patients with COVID-19 are associated with dire outcomes. Long COVID syndrome is the persistence of symptoms after acute disease and is found in up to 40% of subjects. There is little information regarding subacute echocardiographic manifestations after COVID-19, and no study has included a Mexican mestizo population. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included subjects older than 18 with an episode of COVID-19 in the last 3 months. Those with previously known cardiovascular disease were excluded. The patient´s medical history and COVID-19 information were obtained from clinical charts. We performed a transthoracic echocardiogram in every subject and determined left ventricular (LV) index mass, LV ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV GLS), right ventricular (RV) GLS, and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE). A descriptive and comparative analysis was performed based on symptom severity and persistence. RESULTS: One hundred subjects were included; 63% were classified with mild and 37% with moderate to severe COVID-19. The median of LVEF was 60% (55-60), LV GLS and RV GLS was impaired in 34% and 74% of patients, respectively. Patients with moderate to severe disease had significantly lower LVEF (Mean Difference: -3.3), TAPSE (mean difference: -1.8), and higher (worse) LV GLS (Mean Difference: 2.5) and RV GLS (mean difference: 2.9). Persistent symptoms were associated with lower TAPSE and higher RVGLS. CONCLUSIONS: Patients who recover from COVID-19 have a high prevalence of subtle RV and LV dysfunction using GLS analysis. A moderate to severe episode was associated with worse RV and LV function measured by RV GLS, TAPSE, and LV GLS. Subjects with persistent symptoms had worse RVGLS and TAPSE.

Pérdida de peso no intencionada, un diagnóstico de patología orgánica con costos a la salud.

No disponible.

Frecuencia de hiponatremia posoperatoria en pacientes sometidos a cirugía mayor en un centro de tercer nivel

Contexto la hiponatremia posoperatoria es una complicación frecuente que se encuentra hasta en el 4 % de los pacientes sometidos a cirugía y que además es un factor independiente de mortalidad intrahospitalaria. Hasta ahora, los estudios se enfocan en las primeras horas posteriores a la cirugía, existiendo poca literatura que abarque hasta el periodo posoperatorio tardío. Objetivo evaluar la frecuencia y las características de hiponatremia en la primera semana posoperatoria. Metodología se incluyeron pacientes sometidos a cirugía mayor durante un periodo de 18 meses. Se determinó el nivel de sodio a las 24 horas, al tercer, quinto y séptimo día del procedimiento. Se clasificó de acuerdo con el tipo de cirugía realizada y se documentó la presencia de datos clínicos y desenlaces de los pacientes. Resultados 280 pacientes fueron estudiados, de los cuales 20 (7,1 %) desarrollaron hiponatremia durante el primer día posoperatorio, 34 (12,1 %) en el tercero, 30 (10,7 %) en el quinto día y 31 (11 %) en el séptimo día. En el primer día posoperatorio, los pacientes sometidos a cirugías urológicas y gastrointestinales desarrollaron hiponatremia con mayor frecuencia. Ninguno de los pacientes desarrolló complicaciones graves y no hubo relación entre la edad, el género o el tipo de soluciones y el desarrollo de hiponatremia. Conclusiones la hiponatremia es una complicación frecuente de varios tipos de procedimientos quirúrgicos que puede desarrollarse en los primeros siete días posoperatorios.

Background Postoperative hyponatremia is a frequent complication that is found in more than 4% of patients undergoing surgery. It is also an independent factor of in-hospital mortality. Until now, previous studies have focused on the first hours after surgery, so there is little information regarding hyponatremia in the late postoperative period. Purpose evaluate the frequency and characteristics of hyponatremia in the first postsurgical week. Methodology Patients undergoing major surgery over a period of 18 months were included. Sodium level was determined at 24 hours, third, fifth and seventh day of the procedure. Hyponatremia was classified according to surgery type and presence of clinical symptoms and outcomes were documented. Results 280 patients were studied. 20 (7.1%) developed hyponatremia on the first postoperative day, 34 (12.1%) on the third, 30 (10.7%) on the fifth day, and 31 (11%) on the seventh day. On the first postoperative day, patients undergoing urological and gastrointestinal surgeries developed hyponatremia more frequently. None of the patients developed serious complications. There was no relationship between age, gender or type of solutions and the development of hyponatremia. Conclusions hyponatremia is a frequent complication of surgical procedures that can develop in the first seven postoperative days.

Spotted Fever: An Undercover Cause of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in the Immediate Postpartum.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is characterized by a dysregulated activation of the immune system that causes fever, cytopenias, organomegalies, and hemophagocytosis. There are infectious, neoplastic, rheumatologic, and miscellaneous causes. Rickettsioses are a neglected cause of HLH. We report a confirmed case of an immunocompetent woman in Mexico with postpartum HLH secondary to spotted fever. We did a review of the literature for search of similar cases. The association between these two diseases was found in postmortem studies, unrelated to postpartum. This diagnosis should be considered in all patients with HLH without an evident cause in areas of epidemiological risk.

Effect of Antiviral Agents on Atherosclerosis in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C.

BACKGROUND: Chronic hepatitis C is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and is associated with cardiovascular events. Mechanisms include inflammatory cytokines, endothelial dysfunction, and increased oxidative stress. AIM OF THE STUDY: The objective was to evaluate the response of carotid atherosclerosis to treatment with direct-antiviral agents. METHODS: We developed a prospective cohort study that included patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs), without cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, significative chronic kidney disease or coinfections. Clinical characteristics, laboratory values and carotid ultrasound to measure carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and look for established atherosclerosis were performed at baseline and 3 months after completing treatment with DAAs. RESULTS: A total of 24 patients were included. The mean age was 60 years and 79% were women. The prevalence of smoking was 41.7%, obesity 25% and hypertension 20.8%. Age, arterial hypertension, genotype, AST, glomerular filtration rate and cirrhosis were significantly associated with established carotid atherosclerosis. After treatment with DAAs, an overall significant reduction of C-reactive protein (CRP) levels was found (p = 0.004). A trend towards reduction of significant CIMT (>0.9 mm) (20.8 vs. 8.3%, RR 1.18, IC 95% 0.75-1.86, p = 0.29) and a statistically significant resolution of atherosclerotic plaque (45.8 vs. 41.7% RR 0.09, IC 95% 0.01-0.63, p = 0.001) was found. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of chronic hepatitis C with DAAs decrease carotid thickening, atheromatous plaques, and inflammatory markers like CRP. More studies are needed to confirm this finding and its impact on long-term cardiovascular outcomes.

Neurosarcoidosis Presentation as Adipsic Diabetes Insipidus Secondary to a Pituitary Stalk Lesion and Association with Anti-NMDA Receptor Antibodies.

Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic inflammatory disease of unknown cause. It is characterized by the presence of noncaseating granuloma on a biopsy specimen. Clinical presentation varies across case report series with myriad of symptoms ranging from fever, respiratory symptoms, and skin lesions, or atypical symptoms like heart block or neurological symptoms. Hence, we report the case of a 22-year-old woman with encephalitis, a pituitary mass, and adipsic diabetes insipidus. The diagnostic approach did not end on the biopsy of the lesion, which reported noncaseating granulomas; on the contrary, it was the beginning of a path to exclude other causes of the central nervous system granulomas that ended with the diagnosis of the isolated central nervous system sarcoidosis. Also, we report the first proven association between anti-NMDA receptor antibodies and sarcoidosis.

Case Report: Rhabdomyolysis in a Patient with COVID-19: A Proposed Diagnostic-Therapeutic Algorithm.

COVID-19 represents the greatest health challenge of modern years. The spectrum of illness comprises respiratory and non-respiratory manifestations. We report the case of an adult man with COVID-19 who presented with rhabdomyolysis as a principal extrapulmonary manifestation. Our patient presented with dyspnea, fever, and muscle pain. After a comprehensive approach, the diagnosis of COVID-19 and rhabdomyolysis was made. He developed acute kidney injury requiring renal replacement therapy without reversibility, despite optimal treatment. We performed a literature search for similar cases, discuss the potential mechanisms implied, and propose a diagnostic-therapeutic algorithm.

Prevalence of intraepithelial lesion in cervical screening cytology in a First-level Care Unit / Prevalencia de lesión intraepitelial en citología cervical de tamizaje en una unidad de primer nivel de atención

Background: Cervical cancer represents the second leading cause of malignant neoplasm mortality in women globally. Cervical cytology is the most important screening study. It is therefore of interest to know the prevalence of cytological alterations in the Mexican population. In this study the objective was to calculate the prevalence of intraepithelial lesion in cervical screening cytology. Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was developed; the sample was 379 patients from 21 to 64 years of age; we included patients who underwent cervical screening cytology registered in the Detección Oportuna de Cáncer Cervicouterino (DOC-CACU) program database. A descriptive analysis of the data was performed. Results: A prevalence of intraepithelial lesion of 4.49% was found. The 3.17% corresponded to LIEBG and 1.32% to LIEAG. No reports of invasive carcinoma were found. Of these patients, 64.71% corresponded to the age group from 41 to 60 years. 52.94% had had their last cytology in the previous 3 years or more and 35.29% were in postmenopause. Conclusions: A prevalence consistent with what was described in the literature was found. More than half of the affected patients had their last cytology in the previous 3 or more years and corresponded to the age group from 41 to 60 years. A high proportion of patients were in postmenopause.

Introducción: El cáncer cervicouterino representa la segunda causa de mortalidad por neoplasias malignas en la mujer a nivel mundial. La citología cervical es el estudio de tamizaje más importante. Por lo tanto, es de interés conocer la prevalencia de alteraciones citológicas en la población mexicana. En este estudio, el objetivo fue calcular la prevalencia de lesión intraepitelial en citología cervical de tamizaje. Métodos: Se elaboró un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal, con una muestra de 379 pacientes; se incluyeron pacientes de 21 a 64 años de edad, a las cuales se les realizó una citología cervical de tamizaje registradas en la base de datos del programa de Detección Oportuna de Cáncer Cervicouterino (DOC-CACU). Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de los datos. Resultados: Se encontró una prevalencia de lesión intraepitelial de 4.49%. El 3.17% correspondieron a LIEBG y el 1.32% a LIEAG. No se encontró ningún reporte de carcinoma invasor. De estas pacientes, el 64.71% correspondió al grupo etario de 41 a 60 años. El 52.94% se había realizado su última citología en los 3 años previos o más, y el 35.29% se encontraba en la posmenopausia. Conclusiones: Se encontró una prevalencia congruente con lo descrito en la literatura. Más de la mitad de las pacientes afectadas se realizaron su última citología en los 3 o más años previos y correspondían al grupo etario de 41 a 60 años. Una proporción alta de pacientes se encontraba en la posmenopausia.