RESUMO
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare the high resolution cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and standard mode CBCT diagnostic accuracy in internal root resorption with different sites and sizes. Methods and Materials: Eighty single rooted human teeth with visible pulps in periapical radiography were split mesiodistally along the coronal plane. Internal resorption like lesions were created in three areas (cervical, middle and apical) in labial wall of the canals in different diameters. High resolution CBCT (CBCT-H) and standard mode CBCT (CBCT-C) were taken from each tooth. Two observers examined the high resolution CBCT and standard mode CBCT to evaluate the presence of resorption cavities. The data were statistically analyzed and degree of agreement was calculated using Cohen's kappa (k) values. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20 software and sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive value for both methods were calculated. Data were analyzed using the Mac-Nemar and chi-square tests. Result: The positive predictive value and negative predictive value in CBCT-H was higher than that of CBCT-C, all of which indicates that the CBCT-H diagnostic test is more sensitive and more accurate than CBCT-C. Kappa statistics showed that there is a strong and complete agreement between the CBCT high resolution and reality (kappa: 0.72) and in the Standard CBCT method, a moderate agreement has been obtained with reality (Kappa: 0.45). Conclusion: According to our in vitro study CBCT high resolution has a higher diagnostic accuracy than conventional CBCT.
RESUMO
Hypospadias (a urethral orifice located along the ventral side of the penis) and cryptorchidism (failure of the testes to descend into the scrotal sacs) are the 2 most common congenital malformations in males, affecting 0.3%-0.7% and 2%-4%, respectively, at birth. To study the association of CAG/GGN trinucleotide repeats in the androgen receptor gene with cryptorchidism and hypospadias in an Iranian population, we performed a case-control study of 76 cryptorchid and 92 hypospadiac (divided into subgroups of glanular, penile, and penoscrotal hypospadias) Iranian males. The length of the CAG/GGN repeat segment was evaluated by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sequencing in exon 1 and PCR-single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) in exons 2-8. There were no significant differences in CAG lengths between the cases and controls, but GGN numbers were found to be significantly higher (median, 24 vs 22) among both subjects with penile hypospadias (P = .018) and those with a history of cryptorchidism (P = .001) compared with controls. In addition, the GGN numbers among subjects with penile hypospadias were significantly different compared with the 2 other subgroups of hypospadias (P = .001). We were able to identify 12 different CAG alleles and 8 different GGN alleles in the cryptorchid group. Although further studies are needed to elucidate the possible role of specific CAG/GGC combinations as a susceptible factor, our data suggested the possible association between polyglycin tract polymorphism in androgen receptor gene and cryptorchidism.
