Nutritional Risk Factors Associated with Vasomotor Symptoms in Women Aged 40-65 Years.

Vasomotor symptoms (VMS) are the most common symptoms among menopausal women; these include hot flashes and night sweats, and palpitations often occur along with hot flashes. Some studies in Mexico reported that around 50% of women presented with VMS mainly in the menopausal transition. It has been proven that VMS are not only triggered by an estrogen deficiency, but also by nutritional risk factors. Evidence of an association between nutritional risk factors and VMS is limited in Mexican women. The aim of this study is to identify nutritional risk factors associated with VMS in women aged 40−65 years. This is a comparative cross-sectional study, undertaken in a retrospective way. A sample group (n = 406 women) was divided into four stages according to STRAW+10 (Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop): late reproductive, menopausal transition, early postmenopause, and late postmenopause. Hot flashes were present mainly in the early postmenopause stage (38.1%, p ≤ 0.001). Two or more VMS were reported in 23.2% of women in the menopausal transition stage and 29.3% in the early postmenopause stage (p < 0.001). The presence of VMS was associated with different nutritional risk factors (weight, fasting glucose levels, cardiorespiratory fitness, and tobacco use) in women living in the northeast of Mexico.

Ethanolic Extract of Salvia hispanica L. Regulates Blood Pressure by Modulating the Expression of Genes Involved in BP-Regulatory Pathways.

Hypertension (HT) is considered to be a potential risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and has been directly related to pathologies such as obesity and dyslipidemias. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) blocked the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone cascade diminishing the production of angiotensin II and the level of bradykinin, produced by the kallikrein-kinin system. Although ACEIs are effective therapeutics in regulating HT, they present several side-effects that can be due to their mechanism of action (as hypotension, cough, dizziness, light-headedness or hyperkalemia) to specific drug molecular structure (skin rash, neutropenia and tasting disorders) or due to associated pathologies in the patients (it has been considered a possible nephrotoxic effect when ACEIs are administered in combination with angiotensin receptor blockers, in patients that present comorbidities as diabetes, acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease). Therefore, it is necessary the searching for new products with ACEI activity that do not produce side effects. Interestingly, species of the plant genus Salvia have been found to possess hypotensive effects. In the present study, we analyzed the effects of the ethanolic extract of Salvia hispanica L. seeds (EESH) on the expression of genes involved in pathways regulating HT. Administration of EESH to hypertensive rats inhibited the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity along with a decrease in Ace and elevation of Agtr1a and Nos3 gene expression, as compared to that in healthy rats. Moreover, these results were similar to those observed with captopril, an antihypertensive drug used as a control. No significant change in the expression of Bdkrb2 gene was observed in the different groups of rats. To conclude, our results demonstrate that EESH regulates blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive rats through transcriptionally regulating the expression of genes that participate in different pathways involving ACE.

"Omics" Education in Dietetic Curricula: A Comparison between Two Institutions in the USA and Mexico.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The completion of sequencing of the human genome and a better understanding of epigenomic regulation of gene expression have opened the possibility of personalized nutrition in the near future. This has also created an immediate need for trained personnel qualified to administer personalized nutrition education. Of all the allied healthcare personnel, dietitians are the most likely to undertake this role. However, dietitians and dietetic students are still deficient in their knowledge of nutrigenomics and other "omics" technologies. Therefore, with the eventual goal of dietetic curriculum reorganization, the International Society of Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics (ISNN) has set out to evaluate nutrigenomic knowledge among dietetic students from different countries. In this study, we compared nutrition and dietetic students from Texas Woman's University (TWU) and the Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL) for their perceived need for, interest in, and knowledge of different topics within nutritional genomics. METHODS: Students from both universities were sent an e-mail link to the survey which was located at psychdata.com. One hundred twenty-seven students completed the survey. The survey assessed the students' knowledge of, perceived need for, and interest in different omics technologies, as well as their basic knowledge of basic nutrition and genetic topics. Differences were assessed using the χ2 test for homogeneity and Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: Students from TWU and UANL exhibited differences in their knowledge, desire to learn more, and perceived need for omics science in some but not all categories. CONCLUSIONS: Undergraduate nutrition students from both the USA and Mexico lack a high level of knowledge in different omics topics but recognize the role that omics will play in their future as dietitians. There were differences between the 2 universities in terms of the desire to learn more about different omics technologies and to take more classes covering different topics with nutritional genomic components. In order to make personalized nutrition a reality, future dietitians will need to become fluent in different omics technologies.

Iron status and dietary intakes of iron in normal-weight and obese young Mexican women.

INTRODUCTION: Obesity is reported to be a predictor of iron deficiency. In Mexico, 45.5% of women older than 20 years have obesity, and the prevalence of anemia is 10.2% in women 20 to 29 years. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relation between body mass index (BMI), percentage of body fat (% BF), dietary intakes and iron status of healthy normal-weight and obese young women. METHODS: A total of 86 women [normal-weight (n = 46) and obese (n = 40)] completed the study. Intakes were evaluated by an 8-day food-record. Anthropometrics and blood collection (hemoglobin, hematocrit, ferritin and transferrin) were done on the luteal phase of menstrual cycle; menstrual characteristics were also reported. Iron status was determined according to stages of iron depletion. T-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare groups' variables. Pearson correlation was used to determine relationships between variables. An odds ratio (OR) analysis was used to measure the association of BMI, % BF and dietary intakes with iron status. RESULTS: Biomarkers of iron were similar between groups. There was a positive correlation between % BF and ferritin (r = 0.222; p = 0.032). Similar intakes and menstrual periods may be the reason of similar iron status. BMI, % BF or dietary intakes were not independent contributors to stages of iron depletion. CONCLUSION: Guidance on dietary intakes is suggested for this population to avoid future iron deficiency complications.

Introducción: la obesidad se ha reportado como predictor de la deficiencia de hierro. En México, el 45,5% de las mujeres mayores de 20 años tienen obesidad, y la prevalencia de anemia es de 10,2% en mujeres de 20 a 29 años. Objetivo: investigar la relación entre índice de masa corporal (IMC), porcentaje de grasa (%GC), ingesta dietética y reservas de hierro en mujeres jóvenes sanas con normopeso y obesidad. Métodos: ochenta y seis mujeres [normopeso (n = 46) y obesidad (n = 40)] completaron el estudio. La ingesta fue evaluada por un diario de registro de 8 días. La antropometría y obtención de sangre (hemoglobina, hematocrito, ferritina y transferrina) se consiguieron en la fase lútea del ciclo menstrual; se reportaron las características de la menstruación. Las reservas de hierro se determinaron según etapas de depleción. Pruebas de T y Mann-Whitney U se usaron para comparar variables entre grupos. La correlación de Pearson se usó para determinar relaciones entre variables. La razón de momios se utilizó para medir la asociación de IMC, %GC e ingesta dietética con las reservas de hierro. Resultados: los marcadores de hierro fueron similares entre grupos. Se encontró una relación positiva entre %GC y ferritina (r = 0,222; p = 0,032). La similitud en ingesta y periodos menstruales puede ser la razón de que existan reservas de hierro similares. El IMC, %GC e ingesta dietética no contribuyeron independientemente a las etapas de depleción de hierro. Conclusión: se sugiere guía dietética para esta población con el fin de evitar complicaciones por deficiencia de hierro.

Iron status and dietary intakes of iron in normal-weight and obese young Mexican women / Reservas de hierro e ingesta dietética de hierro en mujeres jóvenes mexicanas con normopeso y obesidad

Introduction: obesity is reported to be a predictor of iron deficiency. In Mexico, 45.5 % of women older than 20 years have obesity, and the prevalence of anemia is 10.2 % in women 20 to 29 years. Objective: to investigate the relation between body mass index (BMI), percentage of body fat (% BF), dietary intakes and iron status of healthy normal-weight and obese young women. Methods: a total of 86 women [normal-weight (n = 46) and obese (n = 40)] completed the study. Intakes were evaluated by an 8-day food-record. Anthropometrics and blood collection (hemoglobin, hematocrit, ferritin and transferrin) were done on the luteal phase of menstrual cycle; menstrual characteristics were also reported. Iron status was determined according to stages of iron depletion. T-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare groups’ variables. Pearson correlation was used to determine relationships between variables. An odds ratio (OR) analysis was used to measure the association of BMI, % BF and dietary intakes with iron status. Results: biomarkers of iron were similar between groups. There was a positive correlation between % BF and ferritin (r = 0.222; p = 0.032). Similar intakes and menstrual periods may be the reason of similar iron status. BMI, % BF or dietary intakes were not independent contributors to stages of iron depletion. Conclusion: guidance on dietary intakes is suggested for this population to avoid future iron deficiency complications (AU)

Introducción: la obesidad se ha reportado como predictor de la deficiencia de hierro. En México, el 45,5% de las mujeres mayores de 20 años tienen obesidad, y la prevalencia de anemia es de 10,2% en mujeres de 20 a 29 años. Objetivo: investigar la relación entre índice de masa corporal (IMC), porcentaje de grasa (%GC), ingesta dietética y reservas de hierro en mujeres jóvenes sanas con normopeso y obesidad. Métodos: ochenta y seis mujeres [normopeso (n = 46) y obesidad (n = 40)] completaron el estudio. La ingesta fue evaluada por un diario de registro de 8 días. La antropometría y obtención de sangre (hemoglobina, hematocrito, ferritina y transferrina) se consiguieron en la fase lútea del ciclo menstrual; se reportaron las características de la menstruación. Las reservas de hierro se determinaron según etapas de depleción. Pruebas de T y Mann-Whitney U se usaron para comparar variables entre grupos. La correlación de Pearson se usó para determinar relaciones entre variables. La razón de momios se utilizó para medir la asociación de IMC, %GC e ingesta dieté- tica con las reservas de hierro. Resultados: los marcadores de hierro fueron similares entre grupos. Se encontró una relación positiva entre %GC y ferritina (r = 0,222; p = 0,032). La similitud en ingesta y periodos menstruales puede ser la razón de que existan reservas de hierro similares. El IMC, %GC e ingesta dietética no contribuyeron independientemente a las etapas de depleción de hierro. Conclusión: se sugiere guía dietética para esta población con el fin de evitar complicaciones por deficiencia de hierro (AU)

[Transciptome among Mexicans: a large scale methodology to analyze the genetics expression profile of simultaneous samples in muscle, adipose tissue and lymphocytes obtained from the same individual]. / Transcriptoma en mexicanos: metodología para analizar el perfil de expresión genética de gran escala en muestras simultáneas de tejido muscular, adiposo y linfocitos obtenidas en un mismo individuo.

OBJECTIVE: We describe the methodology used to analyze multiple transcripts using microarray techniques in simultaneous biopsies of muscle, adipose tissue and lymphocytes obtained from the same individual as part of the standard protocol of the Genetics of Metabolic Diseases in Mexico: GEMM Family Study. METHODS: We recruited 4 healthy male subjects with BM1 20-41, who signed an informed consent letter. Subjects participated in a clinical examination that included anthropometric and body composition measurements, muscle biopsies (vastus lateralis) subcutaneous fat biopsies anda blood draw. All samples provided sufficient amplified RNA for microarray analysis. Total RNA was extracted from the biopsy samples and amplified for analysis. RESULTS: Of the 48,687 transcript targets queried, 39.4% were detectable in a least one of the studied tissues. Leptin was not detectable in lymphocytes, weakly expressed in muscle, but overexpressed and highly correlated with BMI in subcutaneous fat. Another example was GLUT4, which was detectable only in muscle and not correlated with BMI. Expression level concordance was 0.7 (p< 0.001) for the three tissues studied. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated the feasibility of carrying out simultaneous analysis of gene expression in multiple tissues, concordance of genetic expression in different tissues, and obtained confidence that this method corroborates the expected biological relationships among LEPand GLUT4. TheGEMM study will provide a broad and valuable overview on metabolic diseases, including obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Desnutrición en prescolares de familias migrantes

Compara la prevalencia de desnutrición entre prescolares migrantes y no migrantes. Documento en formato pdf; Requer Acrobat Reader.

Desnutrición en prescolares de familias migrantes / Malnutrition in preschool children of micrant families

Objetivo. Comparar la prevalencia de desnutrición entre prescolares migrantes y no migrantes. Material y métodos. Se seleccionaron al azar 160 infantes de 1-6 años de edad, de parvularios de muy alta marginación. Se excluyeron aquellos con malformaciones congénitas o bajo alguna intervención nutricional. La migración. Se excluyeron aquellos con malformaciones congénitas o bajo alguna intervención nutricional. La migración se definió como el desplazamiento geográfico <6 años, y la desnutrición, a partir de los indicadores peso/talla y talla/edad recomendados por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Resultados. El 59.4 por ciento de los niños provenía de familias cuyo jefe tenía una ocupación no calificada; 27.5 por ciento de los mismos contaba con primaria incompleta, y 52.8 por ciento refirió migración. La prevalancia de desnutrición fue de 51.3 por ciento en migrantes y de 28.8 por ciento en no migrantes (RP = 2.6, IC95 por ciento = 1.2, 5.2, p= 0.006). Los infantes migrantes presentaron una media de puntaje Z de -2.4 ñ .40, mientras que en los no migrantes fue de -2.3 ñ .33, según el indicador talla/edad. Conclusiones. La desnutrición crónica es este grupo de riesgo justifica la prioridad de implantar estrategias de intervención alimentaria. Se recomienda considerar la migración en la planeación en salud