The prevalence of urinary incontinence, knowledge and practice of pelvic floor muscle training among female recruits in basic training.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence, and severity of urinary incontinence (UI) among female recruits during basic training and their knowledge and practice of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT). Furthermore, to determine if there is a relationship between the severity of UI and PFMT knowledge and practice. METHODS: This correlational study's utilized a demographic and health questionnaire, a UI questionnaire [International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form (ICIQ-SF)], and a PFMT questionnaire- Short version of the Patient-reported Outcome Measures (PFMT-P)]. RESULTS: The study included 349 female recruits with a mean age of 18.17 (± 0.390). The prevalence of UI was 26.7%, with a low mean of 2.03 (± 3.893) on the ICIQ-SF. PFMT knowledge level of was moderate, 1.46 (± 0.790), and the mean practice of PFMT was low, 2.51(± 1.180). No significant correlation was found between the ICIQ-SF score and the level of knowledge, rs=-0.09, p=0. 092. There was a weak but significant correlation between the ICIQ-SF score and PFMT practice, rs=0.170, p.= 0.003. CONCLUSIONS: A little more than a quarter of the female recruits reported UI with a low severity. A relationship was found between UI and PFMT practice.

Nulliparas at Term with Premature Rupture of Membranes and an Unfavorable Cervix: Labor Induction with Prostaglandin or Oxytocin? A Retrospective Matched Case Study.

Background: Induction of labor (IOL) in nulliparas with premature rupture of membranes (PROM) and an unfavorable cervix at term poses challenges. Our study sought to investigate the impact of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) compared to oxytocin on the duration of IOL in this specific group of parturients. Methods: This was retrospective matched-case study. All nulliparas with term PROM who underwent induction between January 2006 to April 2023 at Shaare Zedek Medical Center were identified. Cases induced by either PGE2 or oxytocin were matched by the following criteria: (1) time from PROM to IOL; (2) modified Bishop score prior to IOL ≤ 5; (3) newborn birthweight; and (4) vertex position. The primary outcome was time from IOL to delivery. Results: Ninety-five matched cases were identified. All had a modified Bishop score ≤ 5. Maternal age (26 ± 4.7 years old, p = 0.203) and gestational age at delivery (38.6 ± 0.6, p = 0.701) were similar between the groups. Matched factors including time from PROM to IOL (23.5 ± 19.2 versus 24.3 ± 21.4 p = 0.780), birth weight of the newborn (3111 g versus 3101 g, p = 0.842), and occiput anterior position (present on 98% in both groups p = 0.687) were similar. Time from IOL to delivery was significantly shorter by 3 h and 36 min in the group induced with oxytocin than in the group induced with PGE2 (p = 0.025). Within 24 h, 55 (58%) of those induced with PGE2 delivered, compared to 72 (76%) of those induced with oxytocin, (p = 0.033). The cesarean delivery rates [18 (19%) versus 17 (18%)], blood transfusion rates [2 (2%) versus 3 (3%)], and Apgar scores (8.8 versus 8.9) were similar between the groups (PGE2 versus oxytocin, respectively), p ≥ 0.387. Conclusions: Induction with oxytocin, among nulliparas with term PROM and an unfavorable cervix, was associated with a shorter time from IOL to delivery and a higher rate of vaginal delivery within 24 h, with no difference in short-term maternal or neonatal adverse outcomes.

Prevalence of faecal incontinence in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: Severity and its relationship with quality of life.

AIMS: To describe the prevalence of faecal incontinence in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, assess its severity, and correlation with quality of life. We adhered to relevant EQUATOR guidelines, STROBE method. DESIGN: Correlational-descriptive study. METHODS: Hebrew-speaking patients seen at an inflammatory bowel disease clinic in a large tertiary medical center in Jerusalem between February 2020 and December 2020 completed the Faecal Incontinence Severity Index and the Faecal Incontinence Quality of Life Scale. RESULTS: Ninety-six patients participated in the study, of which 70 (72.9%) had Crohn's disease, and 26 (27.1%) had ulcerative colitis. Eighty-five (88.5%) reported faecal incontinence with an overall Faecal Incontinence Severity Index mean of 27.66 (SD 15.99), yet only 14 (14.7%) reported that their physician or nurse inquired about faecal incontinence. Quality of life scores for patients with faecal incontinence was the lowest on the coping/behaviour scale (M = 2.44; SD 0.94) and the highest on the depression/self-perception scale (M = 2.86; SD 1.04). Significant correlations were found between faecal incontinence severity and quality of life in all scales except for self-embarrassment. Moderate correlations in the same scales were noted in patients with Ulcerative Colitis, while no significant correlations were found in the Crohn's Disease group. CONCLUSION: A high proportion of inflammatory bowel disease patients reported faecal incontinence associated with impaired quality of life. Only a few were questioned about faecal incontinence by their physician or nurse. IMPACT: There is limited literature regarding the prevalence and severity of faecal incontinence in inflammatory bowel disease patients. A high proportion of patients reported faecal incontinence, which negatively correlated with quality of life. Physicians and nurses must inquire about faecal incontinence to improve patient care. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No patient or public contribution.

Exploring the Efficacy of the Paula Method of Muscle Exercises in Managing Low Anterior Resection Syndrome Using an Integrative Approach: A Preliminary Study.

Background: Low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) is a post-proctectomy consequence characterized by variable and unpredictable bowel function, including clustering, urgency, and incontinence, which significantly impacts the quality of life. Currently, there is no established gold-standard therapy for LARS. Primary Study Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Paula method of exercise as part of an integrative treatment approach for patients with LARS. Design: This preliminary study utilized a single-arm pretest-posttest design. Setting: The study was conducted at a tertiary care medical center. Participants: Five patients diagnosed with LARS completed the study. Intervention: Participants underwent twelve weeks of individualized Paula method exercise sessions. Two questionnaires were employed to assess the severity of LARS and quality of life. Primary Outcome Measures: (1) Low Anterior Resection Syndrome (LARS) Score; (2) Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Bowel Function Instrument (MSK-BFI); (3) Global Quality-of-Life (QOLS) Score . Results: All participants completing the 12-week Paula exercise regimen reported no difficulty in engaging with the exercises. Statistically significant improvements were observed in both the LARS score and MSK-BFI (P = .039 and P = .043, respectively, Wilcoxon Rank Sum test). While there were improvements in the global quality-of-life score and functional scales of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire, these improvements did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: This preliminary study suggests that patients with LARS can successfully complete a 12-week exercise program using the Paula method, resulting in improved LARS scores. However, further investigation through larger, multicenter, randomized controlled trials is necessary to establish the efficacy of these exercises as a treatment for LARS.

How far is too far? Does time interval between GnRH antagonist and GnRH agonist trigger in GnRH antagonist cycles matter?

RESEARCH QUESTION: What is a suitable time interval between the last GnRH antagonist exposure and GnRH agonist (GnRHa) triggering for final follicular maturation? DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study including 413 patients undergoing GnRH antagonist cycles in which GnRHa trigger was used, either solely or as a dual trigger. The primary outcome measure was the follicle/mature oocyte ratio. Cycles were analysed according to the time interval between the last GnRH antagonist exposure and the GnRHa triggering: Group 1 included patients with a 12-14 h interval; Group 2: 7-10 h interval; Group 3: 5-6 h interval and Group 4: 2-4 h interval. LH concentration was measured 11-13 h post-GnRHa injection. RESULTS: Median LH value was 65 IU/l. There was a weak but significant correlation between basal LH and the LH surge (R2 = 0.137, P < 0.001). Although square root LH values differed significantly between study groups (P < 0.001; higher in Groups 2 and 3), the follicle/mature oocyte ratio was not different across the four antagonist-agonist interval groups and no correlation was detected between the post-trigger LH concentration and the follicle/oocyte ratio (R2 = 0.011). In a model integrating age, day 3 FSH concentration, maximal oestradiol and body mass index along with the study groups, none of these factors was significantly related to the follicle/mature oocyte outcome ratio. Insufficient surge (LH < 15 IU/l) occurred in 14 (3.4%) cases. Rates of insufficient LH surge did not differ significantly between the groups (2.4%, 3.2%, 3.4% and 7.1% in Groups 1 to 4, respectively; P = 0.5). CONCLUSIONS: LH concentrations post-GnRHa trigger differ in regard to antagonist-agonist intervals, but the follicle/mature oocyte ratio achieved was not affected.

Conventional ICSI vs. physiological selection of spermatozoa for ICSI (picsi) in sibling oocytes.

BACKGROUND: Physiological selection of spermatozoa for ICSI (PICSI) is a sperm selection method based on sperm binding to hyaluronic acid. Previous studies on the effect of hyaluronic acid binding assays on fertilization and embryo quality have shown inconsistent results. Previous sibling oocyte studies have not found a significant improvement in fertilization or embryo development with hyaluronic acid binding assays. OBJECTIVE: To compare fertilization and embryo development between standard intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and PICSI in sibling oocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of all in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles between January 2017 and April 2020 in which sibling oocytes were randomly fertilized by both ICSI and PICSI. Fertilization rate and the rate of embryos eligible for transfer were compared. RESULTS: Forty-five IVF cycles, in which 257 oocytes were fertilized with PICSI and 294 with standard ICSI, were compared. Most of the patients included in the study had previous failures of fertilization, poor embryonic development, implantation failure, or miscarriage. All but two of the patients had at least one previous unsuccessful IVF cycle. Both fertilization rates (71% vs. 83%) and transfer eligible embryo rates (38% vs. 51%) were significantly higher in PICSI fertilized oocytes (p = 0.008 and p = 0.01 respectively). DISCUSSION: Our study is the largest sibling oocyte study comparing ICSI and PICSI, and the first to find a significant improvement in fertilization and embryo quality with PICSI using sibling oocytes. The fact our cohort included almost exclusively couples with previous unsuccessful IVF cycles might suggest that PICSI should be used in selected cases. CONCLUSION: PICSI improves fertilization rates and transfer eligible embryo rates in sibling oocytes in a selected study group.

Religiosity Level and Mammography Performance Among Arab and Jewish Women in Israel.

This study compared mammography performance by religiosity level among Arab (weighted n = 103,347) and Jewish women (weighted n = 757,956) in Israel aged 50-74, using data from the 2017 National Social Survey of the Central Bureau of Statistics. In the Survey, women were asked regarding mammogram performance in the 2 years prior. Mammography performance was 78.2% among Jewish women and 64.8% among Arab women. Among Jewish women, self-identifying as "Very religious" and "Somewhat religious" was associated with lower mammography performance compared to being 'non-religious.' The association was in the opposite direction among Arab women. When tailoring interventions to increase mammography performance among ethnically diverse groups, planners should consider women's religiosity.

Are Paula method exercises effective for gastrointestinal reactivation post-elective cesarean delivery? Randomized controlled trial.

AIM: To examine the effectiveness of the Paula Method exercises in comparison to standard care on resumption of gastrointestinal (GI) activity in women postelective caesarean delivery (CD). DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial on a postpartum unit of a university medical centre. METHODS: Sixty-four women following elective CD performed under regional anaesthesia were recruited between 2 February-3 July 2018. Participants were randomized into two groups: The Paula Method exercise group (intervention group) and the control group. Women in the intervention group performed circular muscle exercises according to the Paula Method and received standard care, while those in the control group were treated only with standard care. Time to first bowel sounds, passage of first flatus and first defecation after CD were measured. RESULTS: A significant difference was found in the time to passage of first flatus, in favour of the intervention group (24.07 [6.85] hours versus 39.07 [10.37] hours; p < .001). No significant differences between the groups were found for other main outcome measures. CONCLUSION: Paula Method exercises post CD can serve as natural and convenient alternative to the standard, conservative treatment to promote resumption of GI activity. IMPACT: CD can be associated with postoperative ineffective peristalsis that can lead to a paralytic ileus. Since standard methods are not sufficient for all women, there is a need for alternative modalities to accelerate the resumption of bowel functioning. In the Paula Method exercise group, time to first flatus passage occurred significantly sooner compared with the control group. Time to first defecation was earlier in the Paula Method exercise group but this difference did not reach statistical significance. Along with gum chewing, Paula Method exercises can be part of a simple and inexpensive GI activation strategy post CD. Further research should be performed using these exercises post other operative procedures.

The healthcare worker at risk during the COVID-19 pandemic: a Jewish ethical perspective.

The current COVID-19 pandemic has raised many questions and dilemmas for modern day ethicists and healthcare providers. Are physicians, nurses and other healthcare workers morally obligated to put themselves in harm's way and treat patients during a pandemic, occurring a great risk to themselves, their families and potentially to other patients? The issue was relevant during the 1918 influenza epidemic and more recently severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemic in 2003. Since the risk to the healthcare workers was great, there was tension between the ethical duty and responsibility to treat and the risk to one's own life. This tension was further noted during the 2014 Ebola outbreak in West Africa that left hundreds of healthcare workers dead. The AMA Code of Ethics states that physicians are to 'provide urgent medical care during disasters…even in the face of greater than usual risk to physicians' own safety, health or life.'1 Classic Jewish sources have dealt with this question as well. There is an obligation 'to not stand by idly when your friends life is in danger'; however, the question arises as to whether there are limits to this obligation? Is one required to risk one's own life to save another's? There is a consensus that one is not required but the question open to debate is whether it is praiseworthy to do so. However, regarding healthcare workers, there is agreement for ethical, professional and societal reasons that they are required to put themselves in harm's way to care for their patients.

Allocation of scarce resources during the COVID-19 pandemic: a Jewish ethical perspective.

The novel COVID-19 pandemic has placed medical triage decision-making in the spotlight. As life-saving ventilators become scarce, clinicians are being forced to allocate scarce resources in even the wealthiest countries. The pervasiveness of air travel and high rate of transmission has caused this pandemic to spread swiftly throughout the world. Ethical triage decisions are commonly based on the utilitarian approach of maximising total benefits and life expectancy. We present triage guidelines from Italy, USA and the UK as well as the Jewish ethical prospective on medical triage. The Jewish tradition also recognises the utilitarian approach but there is disagreement between the rabbis whether human discretion has any role in the allocation of scarce resources and triage decision-making.

Timing of staples and dressing removal after cesarean delivery (the SCARR study).

OBJECTIVE: To investigate optimal timing of dressing and staples removal after cesarean delivery (CD). METHODS: This prospective clustered clinical trial enrolled women undergoing CD between January 1, 2013, and October 31, 2014, at Hadassah-Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem. Women were assigned to one of five clusters differing in timing of dressing and staples removal. We assessed scar healing at 6 weeks. RESULTS: 920 women completed telephone questionnaires. Wound healing did not differ significantly among the clusters: the healing complication rate was 21% in the control group (n=46) and ranged from 18% to 26% (n=27-50) in clusters two to five (P=0.49). More healing complications were observed in women with a body mass index (BMI) of more than 35 kg/m2 versus 35 kg/m2 or less (P=0.016), urgent versus elective CD (P=0.013), preterm premature rupture of the membranes (PPROM) versus intact membranes (P=0.016), and chorioamnionitis at delivery versus no chorioamnionitis (P=0.001). 586 (64%) women underwent physician assessment at staples removal and at 6 weeks post CD. CONCLUSIONS: Timing of dressing and staples removal has no effect on CD scar healing in low- and high-risk parturients. A BMI of more than 35 kg/m2 , urgent CD, PPROM, and chorioamnionitis were associated with mal-healing, regardless of cluster. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01724255.

Association of Catastrophic Neonatal Outcomes With Increased Rate of Subsequent Cesarean Deliveries.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether full-term deliveries resulting in neonates diagnosed with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy are associated with a significant increase in the rate of subsequent unscheduled cesarean deliveries. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review study and examined all deliveries in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Hadassah University Hospital, Mt. Scopus campus, Jerusalem, Israel, during 2009-2014. We reviewed all cases of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in singleton, term, liveborn neonates and identified seven such cases, three of which were attributed to obstetric mismanagement and four that were not. We measured the rate of unscheduled cesarean deliveries before and after the events and their respective hazard ratio. RESULTS: Before a mismanaged delivery resulting in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, the baseline rate of unscheduled cesarean deliveries was approximately 80 unscheduled cesarean deliveries for every 1,000 deliveries. In the first 4 weeks immediately after each of the three identified cases, there was a significant increase in the rate of unscheduled cesarean deliveries by an additional 48 unscheduled cesarean deliveries per 1,000 deliveries (95% confidence interval [CI] 27-70/1,000). This increase was transient and lasted approximately 4 weeks. We estimated that each case was associated with approximately 17 additional unscheduled cesarean deliveries (95% CI 8-27). There was no increase in the rate of unscheduled cesarean deliveries in cases of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy that were not associated with mismanagement. CONCLUSION: The increase in the rate of unscheduled cesarean deliveries after a catastrophic neonatal outcome may result in short-term changes in obstetricians' risk evaluation.

Patient satisfaction and clinical outcome after injecting gonadotropins with use of a needle-free carbon dioxide injection system for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for in vitro fertilization.

In this prospective, randomized clinical trial, we tested the hypothesis that a needle-free CO(2) injection system (Biojector 2000) would be better tolerated by patients when compared with traditional sharp needles used for gonadotropin injections during stimulation for IVF. As measured by our questionnaire, the needle-free CO(2) injection system was not better tolerated by patients, even though it was equally effective clinically.