[Validation of screening method based on EEG analysis for the risk assessment of psychiatric and behavioral disorders: a pilot study]. / Validatsiya skriningovogo metoda na osnove analiza EEG dlya otsenki riskov psikhicheskikh i povedencheskikh rasstroistv: pilotnoe issledovanie.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the validity of the screening method based on EEG analysis using predictive analytics algorithms with the calculation of linear discriminant functions (LDFs), in comparison with a classification system based on psychometric self-report scales. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A comparative cross-sectional study with partial blinding involving healthy volunteers was conducted at two investigational sites. The calculated scores of LDFs used to assess risks of impulsivity, depression and anxiety acted as quantitative characteristics of subjects' mental state. Testing included completing psychometric scales. RESULTS: As a result of the performed validation of the original screening method based on EEG analysis in comparison with the scores of psychometric scales chosen as a reference method, satisfactory results were obtained with the best parameters of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for detecting high levels of impulsivity associated with pronounced aggressiveness. Of considerable interest is also the direct correlation found between high levels of LDF impulsivity scores and high levels of self-rated aggression on a psychometric scale (BPAQ-24). CONCLUSION: The results open up the possibility of using the proposed method to predict a number of emotional and behavioral characteristics of subjects, including a high risk of aggressive behavior as part of professional selection.

[The suicidal activity and comorbid mental pathology in persons with gender dystrophia].

According to foreign publications, 58% of patients with gender disorders had additional psychiatric diagnosis, 39.3% had at least one suicide attempt. The data of suicidal activity and mental comorbidity in Russian population of transgenders are absent.Purpose of the study is to assess suicidal activity and mental comorbidity in persons with gender disorders.The retrospective analysis of records of patients applied with complains on gender disorders from January 2014 to April 2021 was applied. The demographic characteristics, life anamnesis, comorbid mental pathology at time of appliance, frequency of suicidal attempts, suicidal thoughts and auto-aggressive behavior were examined. The data of 926 patients with gender disorders were included: FtM 515 (55.7%), MtF 411 (44.3%). The median age of patients applied for care appliance was 24 years (13-65 years). In group of transgender patients 75.2% had no mental illness, except gender disorders. At that, there was high prevalence of comorbid mental pathology (24.8% on average). Usually, it was background mental illnesses and reversible mental disorders, which were not causes of gender disorders. The suicide rate in transgender group was 12.5%. For 1 patient with suicidal experience, there were 1.3 suicidal attempts (from 1 to 5). The significant dependence of increased suicidal activity, depression, auto-aggressive behavior and rate of comorbid mental pathology on age of debut of gender disorders was established. The transgender patients with debut of gender dysphoria in puberty age are most vulnerable to development of any mental pathology. The suicidal activity of patients with gender disorders depends on both social causes and presence of comorbid mental pathology. A number of modifiable risk factors for suicidal behavior were identified: support of relatives, external correspondence to associated gender, early steps to "change gender", earlier apply for medical care, background compensated mental illnesses.

Role of antimicrobial peptides system in inflammatory periodontal diseases non-specific oral cavity protection.

The system of antimicrobial peptides (AMP) is one of the most ancient mechanisms of the macroorganism resistance to infectious pathogens invasion. The aim of the study was to determine the role of the antimicrobial peptides system and periodontal pathogenic markers in the development and progression of inflammatory periodontal diseases. Gingival pocket washes (91 samples in total) for the research were received from patients with inflammatory periodontal diseases (chronic periodontitis and gingivitis) and intact periodontium. Using ELISA, the content of antimicrobial peptides was determined: human alpha-defensin (HNP 1-3), beta-defensin (HBD 1-3) and cathelicidin (LL-37). Periodontal pathogenic markers were isolated during RT-PCR. The study revealed differences in AMP concentrations by groups: level of HBD 2 in patients with chronic periodontitis was 1,36 times higher than those in the group of patients with chronic gingivitis (p=0,023) and 2,39 times higher than those in the control group (p<0,001), the content of HNP 1-3 in the group of patients with chronic periodontitis was reduced by 1,23 times compared with the indicators of the group of patients with gingivitis (p=0,045) and by 1,97 times compared with the indicators of the control group (p<0,001). The frequency of detection of periodontal pathogenic bacteria genes was 88,0% in patients with periodontitis, 76,92% in patients with gingivitis and 33,3% in the group with intact periodontium. HBD 2 content moderately correlated with the definition of P. gingivalis (r=0,612; p=0,022), T. forsythensis (r= 0,434; p=0,015), A. actinomycetemcomitans (r=0,483; p=0,006), a moderate negative correlation was detected between the content of HNP 1-3 and the release of periodontal pathogens in associations (P. gingivalis with T. forsythensis and T. denticola) (r=-0,388; p=0,031) in the group of patients with chronic periodontitis. Thus, the revealed relationships and correlations indicate shifts in the processes of reparative regeneration of the oral cavity and the regulation of local immunity in response to microbial invasion.

[The problem of the use of hormonal therapy aimed for sex correction by transgender persons on their own initiative].

BACKGROUND: In recent years, the demand for feminizing and masculinizing hormone therapy has increased significantly among transgender people around the world. There are no such studies in Russia and the amount of medical information on the transgender population is limited. AIM: to assess the number of transgender patients who take hormone therapy without a doctor's prescription and to characterize the medicines they use. MATERIALS AND METHODS: data from 1117 transgender patients were included in to analysis: 44.01% (n=515) of them were trans women, 55.99% (n=630) were trans men. Patients applied to the "Scientific Center for Personalized Medicine" in order to receive medical care. RESULTS: Half of transgender people (53.6%) are already taking hormonal drugs. More often transgender women (76.7%), less often transgender men (32.3%). In this case, only 8.6% turned to endocrinologists for the therapy prescription. Many patients used unlicensed drugs, use irrational schemes and combinations, often overdose. CONCLUSION: A significant number of transgender people start using hormone replacement therapy on their own initiative, without the doctor's supervision. The solution to this problem could be incensement of knowledge level in doctors and patients to create a friendly environment and productive interaction between therapists, endocrinologists and transgender people, as well as the organization of consulting centers within public medical institutions.

[Discriminant EEG analysis for differential diagnosis of schizophrenia. Methodological aspects]. / Ispol'zovanie diskriminantnogo analiza EEG dlya differentsial'noi diagnostiki shizofrenii. Metodologicheskie aspekty.

BACKGROUND: A search for accurate linear discriminant function (LDF) allowing the diagnosis of schizophrenia and estimation of treatment effectiveness according to EEG is an urgent problem. OBJECTIVE: To develop a methodology for discriminant EEG analysis for minimizing the overlearning effect, selection of optimal LDF model and evaluation of its generalizing ability. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two hundred and twenty patients with schizophrenia and 1400 people without psychiatric diseases, who were comparable in basic characteristics, were enrolled. EEG was recorded using 16 leads, 10-20 system and aural reference electrodes. EEG was processed by spectral and coherent analysis. RESULTS: After linear discriminant analysis, LDF was obtained to differentiate people with schizophrenia from healthy subjects and a formula was selected from LDF that included 8 predictors (spectral and coherent parameters of standard EEG ranges theta, alpha and beta) with 90% sensitivity and 80% specificity, significance level for Wilks' lambda p<3.9E-28 and the Mahalanobis distance between training set centroids 4,6. CONCLUSION: A method for obtaining optimal LDF models and selection the best one with further LDF generalizing ability assessment is suggested.