Diamond Nanoparticles Downregulate Expression of CycD and CycE in Glioma Cells.

Our previous studies have shown that diamond nanoparticles (NDs) exhibited antiangiogenic and proapoptotic properties in vitro in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells and in tumors in vivo. Moreover, NDs inhibited adhesion, leading to the suppression of migration and invasion of GBM. In the present study, we hypothesized that the NDs might also inhibit proliferation and cell cycle in glioma cells. Experiments were performed in vitro with the U87 and U118 lines of GBM cells, and for comparison, the Hs5 line of stromal cells (normal cells) after 24 h and 72 h of treatment. The analyses included cell morphology, cell death, viability, and cell cycle analysis, double timing assay, and gene expression (Rb, E2F1, CycA, CycB, CycD, CycE, PTEN, Ki-67). After 72 h of ND treatment, the expression level of Rb, CycD, and CycE in the U118 cells, and E2F1, CycD, and CycE in the U87 cells were significantly lower in comparison to those in the control group. We observed that decreased expression of cyclins inhibited the G1/S phase transition, arresting the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase in glioma cells. The NDs did not affect the cell cycle as well as PTEN and Ki-67 expression in normal cells (Hs5), although it can be assumed that the NDs reduced proliferation and altered the cell cycle in fast dividing cells.

Impact of STN-DBS on mood, drive, anhedonia and risk of psychiatric side-effects in the population of PD patients.

BACKGROUND: DBS is a surgical method of choice for various movement disorders, especially for Parkinson's disease (PD). Many publications showing improvement in motor symptoms and quality of life have been presented while there is little comprehensive research evaluation of the impact of DBS on mental state and psychiatric side-effects. OBJECT: The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of DBS on mood, drive, anhedonia and psychotic symptoms in the group of PD patients. METHODS: 60 patients with PD were treated with STN-DBS. Mental state and psychiatric side effects were assessed with the use of MADRS, HADRS, BDI, BPRS, YMS, SHAPS, CGI and PGI rating scales. Evaluation was performed five times in the period from the day before surgery to six months after implantation of the DBS. RESULTS: This study showed an improvement of mood, which has followed within a month after the start of stimulation and manifested in MADRS, HADRS, BDI scores reduction. The trend towards improvement was maintained over the following 6months. No manic episodes appeared, 2 cases of mild hypomania were observed. Psychotic symptoms occurred in 1 patient. Anhedonia reduction observed during the first 30days after initiating the stimulation persisted in the assessment six months after implantation of the DBS. CONCLUSIONS: The survey results confirm the effect of stimulation on mood, drive, ability to feel pleasure. Psychiatric side effects such as phase change were rare and mild, while psychotic symptoms that occurred in one patient ware manageable through medication. Further intensive research in this topic are required.

Othello syndrome after STN DBS - psychiatric side-effects of DBS and methods of dealing with them. / Objawy zespolu Otella po wszczepieniu stymulatora jadra niskowzgórzowego - psychiatryczne dzialania niepozadane DBS i metody postepowania w ich przypadku.

OBJECTIVES: Deep brain stimulation is a therapeutic method used for decades in neurological diseases such as Parkinson's disease or dystonia. Despite many publications concerning DBS, there are few publications on psychotic symptoms after DBS, there are also no standards of dealing with them. METHODS: The authors present a case of a patient with Parkinson's disease, in whom psychotic symptoms in the form of Othello-like syndrome appeared after implantation of a stimulator. In this case the strategy of continuation of stimulation and adding antipsychotic drug (quetiapine) was chosen. RESULTS: Gradual resolution of psychotic symptoms, without worsening of neurological symptoms and no recurrence of psychiatric symptoms was observed. CONCLUSIONS: In recent years, work is underway on the use of DBS in psychiatry, particularly in patients with treatment-resistant depression. It is necessary to set the strategy for dealing with side-effects of DBS. Most of the authors prefer the temporary or permanent switch off the stimulator. In the author's opinion, in some cases it is possible to effectively treat the psychotic symptoms without resignation from the benefits of stimulation. So far, however, such cases were described so rarely that it is difficult on this basis to formulate conclusions that can be applied to the whole population of patients treated with DBS. Only a systematic study including an assessment of psychotic symptoms using scales and analysing the received treatment and stimulation parameters could give an idea of what is the most appropriate strategy in case of psychosis following DBS.