So-called "historical" necrotic breast cancers: a terrifying actuality in Africa. The case of Burkina Faso.

Study the epidemiological, diagnostic, and treatment features and outcomes of necrotic breast cancer in women. This observational, longitudinal, and descriptive study covered the period from January, 2011, to the end of May, 2016 at the Surgery and Gynecology Departments of Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital and Schiphra Medical Center. The study included all women with necrotic breast cancers. Survival was calculated by the Kaplan Meier method and survival comparison was possible with the log-rank method. À risk of error of 0.05 was allowed. Necrotic cancer accounted for 9.1% of all breast cancers. The median age of the patients was 46 years old. The median interval before consultation was 12.4 months. The histological type was invasive ductal carcinoma in 90.8% of cases. Surgery was performed in 51 patients (52%). It was a palliative (cleaning) procedure in 92.2% of cases. Chemotherapy was performed in 28 patients. Overall survival was 61.8% at 6 months, 39.5% at 1 year, and 9.2% at 3 years. Median survival was 10 months: 13 months for women with surgery and 6 months for those without it (p<0.001). Necrotic breast cancer is still common in Ouagadougou. Surgery is the mainstay of the treatment. Survival is mediocre. It therefore seems urgent to focus on raising population awareness and organizing screening campaigns.

An anatomical study of the intersigmoid fossa and applications for internal hernia surgery.

PURPOSE: To improve the knowledge of the morphometry and the surrounding anatomical structures of the intersigmoid fossa and to determine possible surgical applications. METHOD: Forty eight adult cadavers (29 female and 19 male; mean age 83 years) underwent dissection in the Laboratoire d'Anatomie des Alpes Francaises. Two injections in the right carotid resulted in a total body concentration of formalin of 1.3 %. The study parameters were the dimensions of the intersigmoid fossa orifice and the fossa's relationship to surrounding structures. Data were recorded and analyzed using Microsoft Office Excel (MS Cerp). A Pearson coefficient r was used to examine the correlation between the length of colon and the ISF volume. RESULTS: The intersigmoid fossa was present in 75 % of cases (n = 36). The average dimensions for the transverse diameter, longitudinal diameter, and the depth were, respectively, 20.5 ± 0.2, 20.3 ± 0.13, and 26.8 ± 0.2 mm. The primary and secondary roots bordering this fossa measured on average 59.1 ± 0.1 and 48.3 ± 0.13 mm. In 13.9 % of cases (n = 5), the maximum depth was >40 mm and in 16.7 % of cases (n = 6), one of the diameters of the orifice entry of the fossa was >40 mm. The ureter and external iliac artery were the most frequently encountered structures during the dissection of the fundus of the intersigmoid fossa. CONCLUSION: The intersigmoid fossa remains present in most of the reported dissections of cadavers. It constitutes an essential landmark in the surgery of the sigmoid colon due to its deep structural relationship with the left ureter and external iliac artery.

[Pap smear for mass screening: Results of an African experiment]. / Dépistage de masse par frottis cervicovaginal : résultats d'une expérience africaine.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the impact of smear test in the fight against cervix uteri cancer in Senegal. METHODS: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of 1836 Pap smears performed in patients over 15 years during several screening campaigns in Senegal conducted between June 2010 and June 2012. We analyzed epidemiological data, pathological smears, and the proposed management. RESULTS: In 69% of cases, the women were less than 45 years old. They were mostly multiparous and did not use contraceptive methods before. The smears were interpreted in 91.4% (n=1661) and were pathological in 5.2% of cases. They revealed mainly atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, squamous intraepithelial low-grade lesions, and squamous intraepithelial high-grade lesions, respectively in 2.5% (n=46), 1.7% (n=30) and 1% (n=19) of cases. Multiparity, early marriages were the main risk factors. Patients with pathological smars had colposcopy with cryotherapy (23 cases), and colposcopy and biopsy (13 cases). A hysterectomy was performed in 4 cases. CONCLUSION: The pathological smear rate found in this study confirms the interest to continue cervical cancer screening with this practice. Strengthening of its geographical and financial access through a national prevention program will effectively help to lower cases of cervical cancer.