Clinical Outcomes of Supramalleolar Osteotomy in Intermediate Stage of Varus Ankle Osteoarthritis in Joint Preservation.

Supramalleolar osteotomy (SMO) is an effective treatment for intermediate-stage varus ankle osteoarthritis (OA). This study aimed to investigate how clinical outcomes were associated with radiological changes and cartilage regeneration shown on arthroscopy before and after SMO in patients with intermediate-stage varus ankle OA. Twenty-six cases with intermediate-stage varus ankle OA underwent SMO with at least 1 year of postoperative follow-up. Clinical assessment was performed preoperatively and postoperatively using the visual analog scale (VAS), American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot (AOFAS) scores, and their associations with postoperative changes in tibial ankle surface angle (TAS), talar tilt, tibial lateral surface angle, and heel alignment ratio. The degrees of cartilage regeneration in the tibia plafond and talar dome were observed via second-look arthroscopy. Afterward, their associations with the corresponding clinical outcomes were analyzed. There were significant changes in the TAS, talar tilt, and heel alignment ratio (p < .001, for all). However, there were no significant changes in the tibial lateral surface angle (p = .864) at the final follow-up compared to its preoperative value. Postoperative changes in TAS (p = .013) and the degree of cartilage regeneration (p = .028) in the talar dome significantly influenced the final follow-up AOFAS score. Changes in the TAS angle and the degree of cartilage regeneration after SMO were predictors of clinical outcomes after SMO. In particular, greater changes in the TAS angle corresponded to better clinical outcomes.

Favorable mid-to-long-term results of impaction bone grafting using a fresh frozen allograft bone with cemented stem for the treatment of Paprosky IV femoral bone defects.

BACKGROUND: Femoral revision surgery in patients with substantial bone loss is challenging. Impaction bone grafting using a cemented stem can be a good solution for reconstruction of the femur with poor bone stock and extensive bone loss. This study aimed to evaluate the mid-to-long-term clinical and radiographic results of impaction bone grafting using a cemented stem for Paprosky IV femoral bone defects. METHODS: Thirteen patients (13 hips) who underwent revision total hip arthroplasty with impaction bone grafting using a cemented stem and were followed up for at least 5 years were enrolled in this study. In all patients, a sufficient amount of fresh frozen bone of good quality was used. When cortical segmental defects were present, peripheral reinforcement with metal mesh and strut allograft was performed. The average follow-up duration was 11.1 (range, 5.3-15.1) years. The clinical and radiographic outcomes were reviewed at the final follow-up. RESULTS: The average Harris hip score was 82.5 (range, 79-94), and the average University of California, Los Angeles activity score was 5.6 (range, 4-8) at the final follow-up. Radiographic assessment revealed an average femoral component subsidence level of 0.67 (range, 0.05-2.81) mm. There were no complications, except one case (7.6%) of periprosthetic fracture. CONCLUSIONS: Impaction bone grafting using a cemented stem yielded excellent mid-to-long-term outcomes. It is a reliable technique for Paprosky IV femoral bone defects, and even when severe femoral cortical bone defects are present, long-term stability can be obtained using a metal mesh and/or strut allograft.

Hindfoot Alignment Change After Total Ankle Arthroplasty for Varus Osteoarthritis.

BACKGROUND: In patients with end-stage varus ankle osteoarthritis (OA), hindfoot varus malalignment resulting from the varus deformity of the ankle joint is common. Although total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) performed to correct varus deformity of the ankle joint has the effect of correcting hindfoot alignment, no reports to date have described how much hindfoot alignment correction can be achieved. The purpose of this study was to identify correlation between ankle deformity correction and hindfoot alignment change after performing TAA in patients with end-stage varus ankle OA. METHODS: A total of 61 cases that underwent TAA for end-stage varus ankle OA and followed up for at least 1 year were enrolled for this study. Correlation between changes of tibial-ankle surface angle (TAS), talar tilt (TT), and tibiotalar surface angle (TTS) and changes of hindfoot alignment angle (HA), hindfoot alignment ratio (HR), and hindfoot alignment distance (HD) measured preoperatively and at postoperative year 1 was analyzed. RESULTS: TAS, TT, and TTS changed from 83.9 ± 4.1 degrees, 5.8 ± 5.0 degrees, and 78.1 ± 5.9 degrees, respectively, before operation to 89.2 ± 2.1 degrees, 0.4 ± 0.5 degrees, and 88.7 ± 2.3 degrees, respectively, after operation. HA, HR, and HD also changed from -9.2 ± 4.6 degrees, 0.66 ± 0.18, and -11.2 ± 6.9 mm to -3.7 ± 4.1 degrees, 0.48 ± 0.14, and -5.0 ± 5.3 mm. All the changes were statistically significant (P < .001, respectively). The regression slope of correlation was 0.390 (R2 = 0.654) between TTS and HA; 0.017 (R2 = 0.617) between TTS and HR; and 0.560 (R2 = 0.703) between TTS and HD. CONCLUSION: In patients with end-stage varus ankle OA, changes of hindfoot alignment could be predicted based on degree of ankle deformity corrected with TAA. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, case series.

Perianchor Cyst Formation After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair Using All-Suture-Type, Bioabsorbable-Type, and PEEK-Type Anchors.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify the difference in postoperative perianchor bone reactions in different groups of patients who underwent rotator cuff tear repairs with all-suture-, bioabsorbable screw-, and PEEK (polyether ether ketone)-type suture anchors. Furthermore, the rate of rotator cuff retear and its association with perianchor bone reactions based on the different anchors used were investigated. Moreover, their impact on the clinical outcome of patients was examined. METHODS: The study included 213 patients who underwent arthroscopic single-row repair and were divided into 3 groups according to the suture anchor used: all-suture (n = 137), biodegradable (n = 36), and PEEK (n = 40) anchor groups. The clinical outcomes and magnetic resonance imaging findings were evaluated at a mean follow-up of 9.6 months. The perianchor bone reaction at the anchor site was categorized according to grades. Patients were classified based on repair integrity into the healed and retear groups with Sugaya type I to III and Sugaya type IV to V, respectively. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences in Constant scores and retear rates were observed between the groups (P = .934 and P = .548, respectively). Magnetic resonance imaging showed that the total number of perianchor cysts formed postoperatively was 23 (10.8% [23 of 213 patients]). Moreover, the proportions of perianchor cysts were 8.8%, 16.7%, and 12.5% in the all-suture-type, bioabsorbable-, and PEEK-type anchor groups, respectively (P = .485). In the retear group, the incidence rate was significantly increased with higher grades of perianchor bone reaction (P = .001). The tear size and perianchor bone reaction were found to be independent factors that affected the incidence of retear. CONCLUSIONS: Perianchor cyst formation was observed in 10.8% of cases after the use of suture anchors for arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. No significant differences were observed among all-suture-type, bioabsorbable-type, and PEEK-type anchors in terms of visual analog scale and Constant scores, retear rates, and perianchor bone reactions. However, the retear rate was associated with a greater perianchor cystic reaction and larger tear size. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, retrospective comparative trial.

Comparison of patellofemoral outcomes after TKA using two prostheses with different patellofemoral design features.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to compare the clinical and radiographic results after TKA using two prostheses with different sagittal patellofemoral design features, including outcomes related to compatibility of the patellofemoral joint. METHODS: The clinical and radiographic results of 81 patients (100 knees) who underwent TKA using the specific prosthesis (group A) were compared with those in a control group who underwent TKA using the other prosthesis (group B). The presence of anterior knee joint pain, patellar crepitation, and patellar clunk syndrome was also checked. RESULTS: The function score and maximum flexion angle at the last follow-up were slightly better in group A than those in group B (92.0 ± 2.3 vs. 90.6 ± 4.2) (133.6° ± 8.4° vs. 129.6° ± 11.4°). Anterior knee pain was observed in 6 knees and patellar crepitation in four knees in group A. In group B, these symptoms were observed in 22 knees and 18 knees, respectively. There was no patellar clunk syndrome in either group. The alignment was corrected with satisfactory positioning of components. The patellar height remained unchanged after TKA in the two groups. The differences between preoperative and postoperative patellar tilt angle and patellar translation were small. CONCLUSION: When comparing the clinical and radiographic results after TKA using two prostheses with different sagittal patellofemoral design features, TKA using the specific prosthesis provided satisfactory results with less clinical symptoms related to the patellofemoral kinematics with TKA using the other prosthesis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.