Fabrication of silk fibroin film enhanced by acid hydrolyzed silk fibroin nanowhiskers to improve bacterial inhibition and biocompatibility efficacy.

In this study, silk fibroin nanowhiskers (SNWs) were extracted from natural silk fiber by sulfuric acid hydrolysis with the assistance of ultrasonic wave treatment. The obtained SNWs were mixed with regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) solution to fabricate the SNWs/RSF films. The fabricating SNWs were systematically characterized by using SEM, FTIR, and the SNWs/RSF films were observed by digital camera, PM, etc. The results show that the monodisperse SNWs are evenly distributed in the RSF film. The presence of SNWs in RSF film significantly improves the performances of the film, including the swelling ability, mechanical properties, hydrophilicity, antibacterial efficacy, cytocompatibility. Meanwhile, the SNWs/RSF film can endorse the wound healing efficiency in vivo mice wound site. The proposed techniques for extracting SNWs and fabricating silk fibroin composite film may provide a valuable method for creating an ideal silk-based material for biomedical applications.

Fabrication of heteroatom doped NFP-MWCNT and NFB-MWCNT nanocomposite from imidazolium ionic liquid functionalized MWCNT for antibiofilm and wound healing in Wistar rats: Synthesis, characterization, in-vitro and in-vivo studies.

Bacterial biofilm is an obstacle for wound healing because it can affect the epithelialization, development of granular cells, and other regular inflammatory procedures. It plays the role of safeguarding pathogens from antiseptics and antibiotics. In this respect, this research work aims to develop heteroatom (N, F, P/B) incorporated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), such as NFP-MWCNT and NFB-MWCNT, which can maximize the wound healing efficacy via destroying the wound pathogen and biofilms. NFP-MWCNT and NFB-MWCNT were obtained using self-assembling ionic liquids (ILs) such as BMIM-PF6 and BMIM-BF4 in an acid-functionalized MWCNT (A-MWCNT) suspension, followed by pyrolysis in a nitrogen atmosphere. The composite formation was established by FTIR, XRD, RAMAN, EDX mapping, and XPS spectroscopy. TEM and SEM analyses confirmed the bamboo stick-like morphology. During this reaction, IL molecules might be cross-linked with A-MWCNT via hydrogen bonding and ionic interaction, with further pyrolysis producing the defects with doping of N, F, P, or B elements. Finally, they were assessed for their antibiofilm activity against typical bacterial strains such as K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, E. coli (Gram-negative), and B. subtilis (Gram-positive), using a quantitative estimation approach. The results revealed greater effectiveness of NFB-MWCNT and NFP-MWCNT, compared to pristine MWCNT. The antibiofilm activity of NFP-MWCNT and NFB-MWCNT was associated with their specific surface chemistry (due to the presence of N, F, P/B heteroatoms), and their nanosize. Moreover, the synthesized material was examined for its wound-healing ability in Wistar rats. The results proved that cells cultured on NFB-MWCNT and NFP-MWCNT displayed exceptional healing ability. The different electronegativity between the heteroatoms creates the surface charge that inhibits the biofilm formation, leading to healing the wounds together with the heteroatom mineral source for mouse fibroblast regeneration and granulation. This is the first study in which the role of different heteroatoms incorporated into MWCNT is examined in the context of antibiofilm-associated wound-healing ability.

MMP-9 responsive dipeptide-tempted natural protein hydrogel-based wound dressings for accelerated healing action of infected diabetic wound.

The infected diabetic wound ulcer is a significant problem for the diabetic patients, which leads to removal of affected foot site due to its delayed/non-healing tissues. The poly-microbial infections and active matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are the significant influencing factors to delayed healing in diabetic mice. The main purposes of present investigation are to evaluation the targeted inactivation of MMP and avoid polymicrobial infections by using a combined therapeutic effect of metal chelating dipeptide (L-carnosine) and curcumin with the biocompatible silk protein hydrogel (L-car@cur/SF) dressing in the infected diabetic wound ulcer. The in vitro biological assay methods, such as, cell viability, anti-oxidant activity, anti-inflammatory macrophage cells and inhibition collagenase exhibited that the designed hydrogel matrix to be human cell compatible and could be accelerate for significant diabetic healing potential. The activation of cur/SF matrix by the L-carnosine was persuading the inactivation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) through its potent chelating effects of Zn2+ ions from the MMP-9 active center. The L-car@cur/SF hydrogel was demonstrated for the effective MMP-9 inactivation and bacterial inhibition via in vivo mice wound site, which indorsed the diabetic wound healing efficiency in streptozotocin-tempted diabetic mice.

Ionic liquid - A greener templating agent with Justicia adhatoda plant extract assisted green synthesis of morphologically improved Ag-Au/ZnO nanostructure and it's antibacterial and anticancer activities.

Metal and metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) possess significant properties that are promising materials for biological applications. In this research work, we prepared ionic liquid assisted Ag-Au/ZnO NPs, using J.adhatoda leaves extract by hydrothermal method. Ionic liquids performed as a stabilizing and templating agent to improve the surface morphology of the synthesized Ag and Au doped ZnO NPs. The prepared ZnO, Ag-doped ZnO, Au doped ZnO, and AgAu doped ZnO NPs exhibit the average crystalline size of 36, 34, 32, and 25 nm and their band gap energy values are 3.36, 3.29, 3.17, and 2.98 eV respectively. The XRD and UV-DRS result shows that after doping of Au and Ag the ZnO crystalline size and band gap energy was decreased, which leads to enhanced the biomedical (antibacterial and anticancer) properties of AgAu doped ZnO NPs. The Raman active mode of A1 (LO) and A1 (TO) showed that the formation of lattice defects due to the Ag and Au doping in the ZnO crystalline plane to improve the Ag-Au/ZnO properties. SEM and TEM images revealed that the prepared AgAu doped ZnO NPs exhibits nano stick shape with particle size range from 20 to 25 nm. The EDX spectrum and elemental mapping results confirmed that Ag and Au atoms are doped and spread over the ZnO NPs. The corresponding SAED pattern also confirms the crystallinity of Ag-Au/ZnO NPs. Furthermore, the synthesized Ag-Au/ZnO NPs has been explored for its antibacterial and anticancer activities. It shows good antibacterial activity against E.coli and S.aureus bacteria. Additionally, the Ag-Au/ZnO NPs show excellent anticancer activity against the HeLa cancer cells. The excellent antibacterial and anticancer results prove that the bi-metal (Ag and Au) doping can enhance the biomedical properties of ZnO NPs. It will be a promising material in the biomedical field.

Ornamental morphology of ionic liquid functionalized ternary doped N, P, F and N, B, F-reduced graphene oxide and their prevention activities of bacterial biofilm-associated with orthopedic implantation.

The multifunctional biological active material design for bone tissue engineering is essential to induce osteoblast cell proliferation and attachment. Adhesion of bacteria on biomaterials to produce biofilms can be major contributors to the pathogenesis of implant material associated infections. This research work focuses on NPF& NBF elemental doping and functionalization of reduced graphene oxide using an imidazolium-based ionic liquid such as BMIM PF6 and BMIM BF4 by hydrothermal method. The resulting tri doped reduced graphene oxide (NPF-rGO and NBF-rGO) composite was further used as a scaffold for bone tissue engineering and anti-biofilm activities. The observation of the effect of NPF-rGO and NBF-rGO on the morphology, adhesion and cell proliferation of HOS cell was investigated. Moreover, the tri doped composite tested its antibiofilm properties against B. subtilis, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and P. aeruginosa pathogenic bacteria. In-vitro studies clearly show the effectiveness of N, P, B, and F doping promoting the rGO mineralization, biocompatibility, and destruction of bacterial biofilm formation. The result of this study suggests that NPF-rGO and NBF-rGO hybrid material will be a promising scaffold for bone reaeration and implantation with a minimal bacterial infection.

Silk sericin induced fabrication of reduced graphene oxide and its in-vitro cytotoxicity, photothermal evaluation.

Nowadays, photothermal agents have attained considerable attention in nanomedicine for the treatment of cancer after chemotherapy, surgery, biological therapy and radiotherapy. In this work, we showed a sericin-based, simple approach for synthesis of sericin functionalized reduced graphene oxide (SRGO) with low cytotoxicity and photo thermal efficiency. During the synthesis, the GO is deoxygenated in situ and functionalized by sericin, a low-cost, silk protein and concurrently forms SRGO. The subsequent SRGO disperse well in water with higher biocompatibility because of the decoration of sericin on graphene sheets. The prepared SRGO exhibited a good photothermal capacity with near-infrared laser irradiation (808 nm) for efficient killing of HeLa cells. Further, the synthesized SRGO could act as a promising material for photo thermal therapy applications in future.

Influences of ionic liquid and temperature on the tailorable surface morphology of F-apatite nanocomposites for enhancing biological abilities for orthopedic implantation.

This report has approached for the green synthesis of morphological controlled novel metal-doped fluorinated apatite/polymeric nanocomposites. The synthesized nanocomposites have investigated for hard tissue engineering and bone substitute applications. The selected fluoro ionic liquid explored the dual performances as fluorine precursor and as a soft template for the morphological development of apatite nanocomposite synthesis. The structural and surface studies (XRD, FTIR, FE-SEM, EDS, AFM, HR-TEM & SAED) confirmed the crystalline and morphological changes of synthesized fluorohydroxyapatite nanostructures at two different reaction temperatures. The fluorinated apatite nanocomposites doped with silver for metal-doped composites, which have effective antibacterial efficacy and favorable biocompatibility. The silver-doped nanocomposites showed excellent antibacterial ability against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacterial pathogens with the uniform release of silver and fluorine ions. These antibacterial performances have systematically tested by the quantitative and qualitative methods. The rod-like fluorinated apatite nanocrystals promote cell adhesion and viability of human osteosarcoma (MG-63) cell lines and these studies compared with the sheet-like apatite nanocomposites. This type of biomedical apatite materials may be a promising material for orthopedic implant and regeneration applications.

Photoluminescent reduced graphene oxide quantum dots from latex of Calotropis gigantea for metal sensing, radical scavenging, cytotoxicity, and bioimaging in Artemia salina: A greener route.

In this work, we report the fabrication of green fluorescent reduced graphene oxide quantum dots (rGOQDs) from the latex of Calotropis gigantea by simple one-step microwave assisted greener route. The latex of Calotropis gigantea calcined at 300°C and its ethanolic extract is used for the synthesis of QDs, The rGOQDs showed particle size ranging from 2 to 8nm and it exhibited green fluorescent in longer UV region at 360-520nm. The rGOQDs graphitic nature was confirmed by RAMAN and XRD analysis. The FTIR, XPS demonstrate that presence of functional groups such as CO, COC, -OH, hence it's addressing them as rGOQDs. It is used to design the greener and economically adopted fluorescent probe for the detection of Pb2+ ions. It provides simple and appropriate for the selective and sensitive detection of Pb2+ ions in water purification process. It also trapped the free radicals and neutralized that and act as an excellent radical scavenger in DPPH radical scavenging assessment. These rGOQDs showed excellent biocompatibility on brine shrimp nauplii (Artemia salina) up to 160µg/mL for 24h incubation. Furthermore, rGOQDS were demonstrated as fluorescent bioimaging probe selectively in the inner digestion part of Artemia salina. In summary, stable, economically viable, highly biocompatible, greener method based rGOQDs were prepared for heavy metal ion detecting, radical scavenging, bioimaging applications which can play a vital role in the future nanotechnology-based biomedical field.

Facile biological synthetic strategy to morphologically aligned CeO2/ZrO2 core nanoparticles using Justicia adhatoda extract and ionic liquid: Enhancement of its bio-medical properties.

In this study, a typical green synthesis route has approached for CeO2/ZrO2 core metal oxide nanoparticles using ionic liquid mediated Justicia adhatoda extract. This synthesis method is carried out at simple room temperature condition to obtain the core metal oxide nanoparticles. XRD, SEM and TEM studies employed to study the crystalline and surface morphological properties under nucleation, growth, and aggregation processes. CeO2/ZrO2 core metal oxides display agglomerated nano stick-like structure with 20-45nm size. GC-MS spectroscopy confirms the presence of vasicinone and N,N-Dimethylglycine present in the plant extract, which are capable of converting the corresponding metal ion precursor to CeO2/ZrO2 core metal oxide nanoparticles. In FTIR, the corresponding stretching for Ce-O and Zr-O bands indicated at 498 and 416cm-1 and Raman spectroscopy also supports typical stretching frequencies at 463 and 160cm-1. Band gap energy of the CeO2/ZrO2 core metal oxide is 3.37eV calculated from UV- DRS spectroscopy. The anti-bacterial studies performed against a set of bacterial strains the result showed that core metal oxide nanoparticles more susceptible to gram-positive (G+) bacteria than gram-negative (G-) bacteria. A unique feature of the antioxidant behaviors core metal oxides reduces the concentration of DPPH radical up to 89%. The CeO2/ZrO2 core metal oxide nanoparticles control the S. marcescent bio-film formation and restrict the quorum sensing. The toxicology behavior of CeO2/ZrO2 core metal oxide NPs is found due to the high oxygen site vacancies, ROS formation, smallest particle size and higher surface area. This type of green synthesis route may efficient and the core metal oxide nanoparticles will possess a good bio-medical agent in future.