Grading and Sorting of Grape Berries Using Visible-Near Infrared Spectroscopy on the Basis of Multiple Inner Quality Parameters.

The potential of visible-near infrared (vis/NIR) spectroscopy (400 nm to 1100 nm) for classification of grape berries on the basis of multi inner quality parameters was investigated. Stored Vitis vinifera L. cv. Manicure Finger and Vitis vinifera L. cv. Ugni Blanc grape berries were separated into three classes based on the distribution of total soluble solid content (SSC) and total phenolic compounds (TP). Partial least squares regression (PLS) was applied to predict the quality parameters, including color space CIELAB, SSC, and TP. The prediction results showed that the vis/NIR spectrum correlated with the SSC and TP present in the intact grape berries with determination coefficient of prediction (RP2) in the range of 0.735 to 0.823. Next, the vis/NIR spectrum was used to distinguish between berries with different SSC and TP concentrations using partial least squares discrimination analysis (PLS-DA) with >77% accuracy. This study provides a method to identify stored grape quality classes based on the spectroscopy and distributions of multiple inner quality parameters.

The Isolation and Purification of Archaerhodopsin from Halobacterium sp. XZ515.

The claret membrane, instead of the purple membrane, was isolated when the conventional method for isolating purple membrane from Halobacterium halobium was applied to Halobacterium sp. XZ515. The SDS-PAGE results showed that only one protein, archaerhodopsin, existed in claret membrane with M. W. similar to BR. The method for isolating and purifying the archaerhodopsin, an intrinsic membrane protein, by detergent dissolution and hydrophobic chromatography on the column of octylsepharose, was also introduced. The pure archaerhodopsin showed the absorption spectrum similar to BR and was able to produce the M412 photoproduct in the photocycle under illumilation. It was concluded that this archaerhodopsin was a BR-like retinal protein.