[Temporal-spatial distribution of functional feeding groups of macroinvertebrate and biological evaluation of water quality in Xinyang section of the Huaihe River main stream]. / æ·®æ²³å¹²æµä¿¡é˜³æ®µå¤§åž‹åº•æ –åŠ¨ç‰©åŠŸèƒ½æ‘„é£Ÿç±»ç¾¤æ—¶ç©ºåˆ†å¸ƒåŠæ°´è´¨è¯„ä»·.

From November 2021 to September 2022, we conducted four field surveys on macroinvertebrates and water environmental factors in Xinyang section of the Huaihe River main stream. We analyzed the structure and spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of the functional feeding groups of macroinvertebrates, and evaluated river water quality. A total of 73 macroinvertebrate species were collected in the basin, belonging to 42 families, 7 classes, and 3 phyla. The dominant species of macroinvertebrates changed significantly in different months, with Exopalaemon modestus being the absolute advantage species in the basin in July and September 2022. In different sampling months, the functional feeding group of macroinvertebrates was mainly dominated by shredders, accounting for 35.9%. The results of redundancy analysis showed that the main environmental factors affecting the distribution of functional feeding groups of macroinvertebrates varied across different months, with conductivity in February, temperature in July, and oxidation-reduction potential in September and November. The evaluation based on the biolo-gical index and Shannon index of macroinvertebrates indicated that water quality in the investigated section was at a light pollution level.

Effects of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) on fillet quality of Yellow River carp (Cyprinus carpio) via the oxidative stress response.

In order to further explain the fillet texture improvement of Yellow River carp (Cyprinus carpio) fed with faba bean (Vicia faba L.), a three-month rearing trial was conducted to investigate fatty acid composition, antioxidant capacity, myofiber development, collagen deposition and transcriptome in white muscle of two farmed carp groups (One was fed only faba bean, the other was fed commercial diet). As a strong oxidant, faba bean changed fatty acids composition in white muscle, especially DHA and EPA, up-regulated the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and down-regulated major antioxidant enzyme activities in the hepatopancreas and white muscle. Through the analysis of transcriptome and subsequent verification analysis, we speculated that the increase of ROS led to the decrease of myofiber diameter and collagen metabolism. This study provides a theoretical basis for further understanding the regulation of faba bean on fillet texture characteristic of Yellow River carp.

Environmental salinity and dietary lipid nutrition strategy: Effects on flesh quality of the marine euryhaline crab Scylla paramamosain.

The quality of crustaceans' flesh has direct impact on consumers' purchase choices, with water environment and dietary nutrition being effective ways to regulate flesh quality. The aim of present study was to investigate the impacts of water salinity (low, 4 and medium, 23) and dietary lipid source (fish oil and soybean oil) on nutritional values, texture, taste and odor of flesh of mud crab. While water salinity had no significant influence on nutritional values of crab flesh, crabs fed soybean oil displayed significantly lower contents of amino acids and n-3 PUFAs in muscle. However, crabs reared at low salinity showed reduced flesh hardness, chewiness and gumminess likely related to altered myofiber structure, that impacted muscle texture. Furthermore, low salinity and dietary soybean oil weakened umami taste and aroma characteristics of crab flesh associated with decreased contents of free amino acids, flavor nucleotides, inorganic ions and odor active compounds in flesh.

Characterization of a polysaccharide HP-02 from Honeysuckle flowers and its immunoregulatory and anti-Aeromonas hydrophila effects in Cyprinus carpio L.

Aquaculture systems are known to be major reservoirs of Aeromonas hydrophila. The use of Chinese medicinal polysaccharides has become a successful strategy to prevent bacterial diseases in aquaculture. A water-soluble polysaccharide, HP-02, was purified from honeysuckle flowers, and the present study was aimed to examine its immunomodulatory and anti-A. hydrophila effects in Cyprinus carpio L. The results showed that the molecular weight of HP-02 was estimated to be 38 kDa. Monosaccharide composition was determined to be arabinose, rhamnose, mannose, glucose, and galactose in a molar ratio of 2.5: 1.8: 3.6: 3.7: 1.9. HP-02 not only distinctly improved the proliferation and phagocytosis of head kidney cells, but also exerted significant immunoregulation activity by increasing the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-6, and IL-12 and the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-ß at the protein level in head kidney cells and serum. Moreover, during pathogen infection in vivo, HP-02 significantly reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines. These results indicated that HP-02 had immunomodulatory effects on common carp both in vitro and in vivo, and HP-02 can be applied as a common carp feed supplement to enhance fish immunity and disease resistance against A. hydrophila.

Dynamic regulation of mRNA and miRNA associated with the developmental stages of skin pigmentation in Japanese ornamental carp.

The Japanese ornamental carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Koi) is famous for multifarious colors and patterns, making it commonly culture and trade across the world. Although functional genes and inheritance of color traits have been commonly studied, seldom attentions were focused on the genetic regulation during the developmental process of pigmentation. To better understand the mechanism of skin color development, we observed the morphogenesis of pigment cells during the post-embryonic stages and analysed the temporal expression pattern of mRNAs/miRNAs profiles in four distinct developmental stages. 59 and 103 differentially expressed genes/miRNAs (DEGs/DEMs) associated with pigmentation and skin were identified, including pax7, mitf, tyr, tyrp1, etc., and the highest DEGs were detected at 11 days post hatching (dph). In addition, the functional characteristics of mRNAs/miRNAs associated with pteridine and carotenoid pathway were also examined. Furthermore, 65 miRNA-mRNA interaction pairs related to pigmentation, pteridines and carotenoids metabolism were detected between different stages. Interestingly, the largest pairs appeared in the transition from 11 dph to 48 dph, which had the similar trend with DEGs further manifesting the importance of 11 dph. This study produced a comprehensive programme of DEGs/DEMs during color development, which will provide resources to understand the regulation mechanism in color formation. The understanding of genetic basis in color formation might promote the production and breeding of the Koi carp.

Systemic Medication Associations with Presumed Advanced or Uncontrolled Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma.

PURPOSE: To identify associations between systemic medications and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) requiring a procedure using United States insurance claims data in a hypothesis-generating study. DESIGN: Database study. PARTICIPANTS: In total, 6130 POAG cases (defined as patients with POAG undergoing a glaucoma procedure) were matched to 30 650 controls (defined as patients undergoing cataract surgery but without a coded glaucoma diagnosis, procedure, or medication) by age, gender, and region of residence. METHODS: Participant prescription drug use was calculated for the 5-year period before the glaucoma procedure or cataract surgery. Separately for individual generic drugs and drug classes, logistic regression was used to assess the association with POAG status. This was done across all generic drugs and drug classes that were prescribed in at least 1% of cases and controls. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, region of residence, employment status, insurance plan type, and the total number of drugs prescribed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between each drug or drug class and POAG. RESULTS: The median age of participants was 72 years, and 52% were women. We tested for associations of POAG with 423 drug classes and 1763 generic drugs, resulting in a total of 2186 statistical tests and a Bonferroni-adjusted significance threshold of P < 2.3 × 10-5. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) were strongly associated with a reduced risk of POAG (OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.64-0.76; P = 1.0 × 10-15); the most significant drug in this class was citalopram (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.57-0.77; P = 1.2 × 10-7). Calcium channel blockers were strongly associated with an increased risk of POAG (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.18-1.35; P = 1.8 × 10-11); the most significant drug in this class was amlodipine (OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.18-1.37; P = 5.9 × 10-10). CONCLUSIONS: We present data documenting potential associations of SSRIs and calcium channel blockers with POAG requiring a procedure. Further research may be indicated to better evaluate any associates of serotonin metabolism or calcium channels in glaucoma, or establish whether the associations are due to variations in the patterns for prescribing these drugs.