Preparation and efficacy verification of three-dimensional printed partitioned multi-effect precision-care gel facial mask.

OBJECTIVE: A partition multi-effect precision-care gel facial mask conforming to facial skin characteristics was prepared using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology. METHODS: First, the hydrogel matrix and humectant of a 3D-printed gel for facial masks were screened, and three 3D-printed gels of arbutin, hexapeptide, and salicylic acid were prepared with whitening, wrinkle removal, and oil control functions, respectively. Skin irritation tests were performed on the gels. Physicochemical properties such as pH, heat and cold tolerance were evaluated. The efficacy of three 3D-printed gels was assessed by measuring melanin value, wrinkle depression score, and oil secretion. Finally, the facial mask model design and printing parameters were studied, and a partition multi-effect precision-care gel facial mask was printed in line with facial skin characteristics. RESULTS: For the 3D-printed facial mask, the gel prescription with 2% hydroxyethyl cellulose gel as matrix and 7% glycerol as humectant was the best. The prepared 3D-printed gel did not irritate the human skin, and its physicochemical properties met the Chinese facial mask industry standard (QB/T2872-2017). We showed that three types of 3D-printed gels containing arbutin, hexapeptide, and salicylic acid could be applied to the corresponding parts of the face to solve different problems, such as facial skin dullness, wrinkles, and oil secretion. Therefore, according to facial physiological characteristics, the facial mask model was designed for the forehead and nasolabial fold, which needs to be anti-wrinkled; the cheek, which needs to be whitened; and the nose and chin, which need oil control. The optimal printing parameters were 0.26 mm nozzle diameter, 90 mm/s printing speed, 30% filling density, 140% wire extrusion ratio, and 0.25 mm layer height. Different skin care effects can be achieved using a three-nozzle printer to print arbutin, hexapeptide, or salicylic acid gel on the mask's forehead and nasolabial fold, cheek, and nose and chin, respectively. CONCLUSION: The 3D-printed partition multi-effect care gel facial mask prepared according to the skin features of different parts of the face can overcome the problem of the single skincare effect of the mass-produced facial masks.

OBJECTIF: Un masque facial de soin de précision en gel à effets multiples, adapté aux caractéristiques de la peau du visage, a été préparé à l'aide de la technologie d'impression tridimensionnelle (3D). MÉTHODES: Tout d'abord, la matrice d'hydrogel et l'humectant d'un gel imprimé en 3D pour les masques faciaux ont été sélectionnés, et trois gels imprimés en 3D d'arbutine, d'hexapeptide et d'acide salicylique ont été préparés avec des fonctions de blanchiment, d'élimination des rides et de contrôle du sébum, respectivement. Des tests d'irritation cutanée ont été réalisés sur les gels. Les propriétés physicochimiques telles que le pH et la tolérance à la chaleur et au froid ont été évaluées. L'efficacité des trois gels imprimés en 3D a été évaluée en mesurant la valeur de la mélanine, le score de dépression des rides et la sécrétion de sébum. Enfin, la conception du modèle de masque facial et les paramètres d'impression ont été étudiés, et un masque facial de gel de soin de précision à effets multiples a été imprimé en fonction des caractéristiques de la peau du visage. RÉSULTATS: Pour le masque facial imprimé en 3D, la prescription de gel avec 2 % de gel d'hydroxyéthylcellulose comme matrice et 7 % de glycérol comme humectant était la meilleure. Le gel imprimé en 3D n'a pas irrité la peau humaine et ses propriétés physicochimiques sont conformes à la norme industrielle chinoise relative aux masques faciaux (QB/T2872­2017). Nous avons montré que trois types de gels imprimés en 3D contenant de l'arbutine, de l'hexapeptide et de l'acide salicylique pouvaient être appliqués aux parties correspondantes du visage pour résoudre différents problèmes, tels que l'aspect terne de la peau du visage, les rides et la sécrétion de sébum. Par conséquent, en fonction des caractéristiques physiologiques du visage, le modèle de masque facial a été conçu pour le front et le sillon nasogénien, qui doivent être antirides, la joue, qui doit être blanchie, et le nez et le menton, qui ont besoin d'un contrôle du sébum. Les paramètres d'impression optimaux étaient les suivants : diamètre de buse de 0,26 mm, vitesse d'impression de 90 mm/s, densité de remplissage de 30 %, rapport d'extrusion du fil de 140 % et hauteur de couche de 0,25 mm. Différents effets de soin de la peau peuvent être obtenus en utilisant une imprimante à trois buses pour imprimer de l'arbutine, de l'hexapeptide ou du gel d'acide salicylique sur le front et le sillon nasogénien, la joue, le nez et le menton du masque, respectivement. CONCLUSION: Le masque facial en gel de soin à effets multiples imprimé en 3D et préparé en fonction des caractéristiques de la peau des différentes parties du visage peut résoudre le problème de l'effet de soin unique des masques faciaux produits en masse.

The efficacy of nimodipine drug delivery using mPEG-PLA micelles and mPEG-PLA/TPGS mixed micelles.

OBJECTIVE: In order to develop and compare mPEG-PLA micelles and mPEG-PLA/TPGS mixed micelles, with the intention to develop a highly efficient formulation for nimodipine (NIM), NIM-loaded micelles and mixed micelles were made and their pharmacokinetics were studied. METHODS: Single factor experiments and orthogonal experiments were designed to optimize the final preparation process, characterizations and drug release behaviors were studied. Pharmacokinetics of NIM micelles, NIM mixed micelles were researched and were compared to NIM solution. RESULTS: Micelles and mixed micelles were prepared by solvent evaporation method, with relatively high drug loading efficiency and within nano-particle size range. The CMC value of mPEG-PLA was lower than that of mPEG-PLA/TPGS. The results of FTIR and TEM confirmed the spherical core-shell structure of micelles as well as mixed micelles, and the encapsulation of NIM inside the cores. In vitro release showed that micelles and mixed micelles had sustained release effect in the forms of passive diffusion and dissolution process, respectively. Following intraperitoneal administration (5mg/kg), micelles and mixed micelles were absorbed faster than solution, and with larger MRT(0-t), smaller CLz and larger AUC(0-t) as compared to that of solution, which showed micelles and mixed micelles had higher retention, slower elimination and higher bioavailability. This experiment also showed that mixed micelles released NIM more stably than micelles. By evaluate the bioequivalence, NIM micelles and NIM mixed micelles were testified non-bioequivalent to NIM solution. CONCLUSION: Micelles and mixed micelles could sustain the NIM concentrations more efficiently in plasma as compared to solution. Mixed micelles were the best ones since they had high loading content and released more stably. Thus, apprehending micelles and mixed micelles were suited as poor aqueous solubility drug carriers, and mixed micelles were better due to their high loading content and more stable release.

[Study on quality standard for qiangnaosu capsule].

OBJECTIVE: To establish the quality standard for Qiangnaosu capsule. METHODS: TLC was used for the qualitative identification of Saposhnikoviae Radix, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Chrysanthemum Flos, Fructus Viticis. HPLC was used to determine the content of ferulic acid. RESULTS: TLC spots were clear, well-separated and specific. The linear range of ferulic acid was 2.93 - 20.50 microg/mL (r = 0.9996). The average recovery was 98.1% and RSD was 1.42%. CONCLUSION: The method is reliable and specific. It can be used for the quality control of Qiangnaosu capsule.

The pharmacokinetics of recombinant human interferon-alpha-2b poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres in rats.

Interferon-alpha2b (IFN α-2b) microspheres were prepared at various concentrations (5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%) and viscosities (0.39, 0.6, 0.89 and 1.13 dL/g) of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) using double emulsion solvent evaporation. The optimal formulation of IFN α-2b microspheres was determined to be 0.89 dL/g PLGA, as assessed by the in vitro release test. The pharmacokinetics of IFN α-2b microspheres was investigated. Nine groups of rats were injected intramuscularly with three doses (0.5, 1 and 2 MIU) of commercial lyophilized IFNα-2b injection or IFN α-2b microspheres. At a dose of 0.5 MIU, the IFN α-2b microsphere released significantly longer than that of the IFN α-2b injection. At a dose of 2 MIU, each pharmacokinetics parameter of microspheres prepared with the IFNa-2b stock solution was manifestly greater than those of the injection. Our study indicated that the IFN α-2b microspheres prepared in 15% of 0.89 dL/g PLGA provided a sustained drug effect for up to 21 days in rats.

Preparation and characteristics of interferon-alpha poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres.

By a double emulsion solvent evaporation method, interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) microspheres were prepared with poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and their characteristics, such as morphology, drug loading, encapsulation efficiency, in vitro release and degradation were evaluated. The IFN-alpha microspheres were prepared by different viscosities from 0.17-1.13 dL g(-1) and concentrations between 5-25% of PLGA, which not only affected the drug loading and encapsulation efficiency of IFN-alpha microspheres, but also strongly influenced the in vitro release. With smooth and porous surface, the drug loading and encapsulation efficiency of the microspheres prepared by 15% 0.89 dL g(-1) PLGA were 7.736% and 77.38%, respectively. The DSC curve of microspheres indicated IFN-alpha was loaded inside the microspheres. The degradation of microspheres was homogeneous and the mass loss was over 80% in 6 weeks. The release profile of microspheres showed a sustained fashion and the IFN-alpha released from microspheres maintained its bioactivity for 7 days.

Recombinant interferon-alpha2b poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres: pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics study in rhesus monkeys following intramuscular administration.

AIM: Investigation into pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic properties of interferon- alpha (IFN-alpha)2b-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres (MS) in rhesus monkey primates. METHOD: IFN-alpha2b was loaded with biodegradable PLGA with 3 inherent viscosities using a double emulsion and solvent evaporation method. The particle size, surface morphology, and in vitro release profiles were investigated. Two groups of rhesus monkeys (n=3) were injected intramuscularly with either 3 MIU/kg commercial IFN-alpha2b lyophilized powder or IFN-alpha2b-loaded PLGA microspheres (inherent viscosity of 0.89 dL/g). In vitro release was determined by Lowry protein assay. The serum IFN and neopterin levels were determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method to evaluate biological activity of the microspheres in rhesus monkeys. RESULTS: The IFN-alpha2b microspheres with 3 inherent viscosities (0.39, 0.89, and 1.13 dL/g) were entirely spherical and had a smooth surface. The average diameter of each type was 45.55, 81.23, and 110.25 microm, respectively. The in vitro release was 30 d. The pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic properties between the IFN-alpha2b microspheres and IFN-alpha2b lyophilized powder were significantly different (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The drug residence time for the IFN-alpha2b of the PLGA microsphere with an inherent viscosity of 0.89 dL/g in plasma significantly increased and had a longer time of biological effects in rhesus monkeys following intramuscular administration.