The Impact of Family Socioeconomic Status (SES) on Adolescents' Learning Conformity: The Mediating Effect of Self-Esteem.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between family socioeconomic status (SES) and adolescents' learning conformity and self-esteem among a sample of 15-18 year-old high school students. METHODS: A survey was conducted on 339 adolescents using measures of family SES, self-esteem, and learning conformity. An intermediary effect model was constructed to examine the mediating mechanism of self-esteem in the impact of family SES on adolescents' learning conformity. RESULTS: In our study, we observed that male adolescents were more likely to come from families with higher socioeconomic status (SES) and exhibited relatively higher levels of self-esteem compared to female adolescents. However, this finding should be regarded as an observational outcome specific to our study sample and does not directly indicate a causal relationship between gender and family SES or self-esteem. Adolescents from rural areas were more likely to exhibit tendencies towards learning abidance and compliance. Family SES positively predicted self-esteem. The intermediary model indicated that family SES significantly positively influenced learning abidance and compliance, with self-esteem partially mediating the effects at 33.49% and 33.33%, respectively. Family SES negatively affected learning obedience, with self-esteem partially mediating the effect at 39.77%. CONCLUSION: Among the 15-18 year-old high school student population, family SES not only directly affects learning abidance, compliance, and obedience but also generates an indirect mediating effect through self-esteem.

Text Analysis via Learning Model in Teaching Ability Evaluation System for College Physical Education Teachers / Análisis de texto mediante modelo de aprendizaje en el sistema de evaluación de habilidades docentes para profesores universitarios de educación física

With the overall increase in the state's attention to quality of higher education teaching, overall teaching level for college physical education teachers has been greatly improved. However, it is influenced by traditional academic and teaching concepts, as well as school administrators do not pay attention to physical education teaching. The development for the teaching ability of college physical education teachers is still not optimistic. Therefore, paying attention to the teaching ability of physical education teachers has gradually become a practical problem that society and schools cannot ignore and must pay attention to. Among them, the evaluation for teaching ability of physical education teachers is the most important. With the reform of the Internet, there is much textual information on teaching of physical education teachers in colleges. By analyzing these texts, an evaluation of teachers' teaching ability can be obtained. This work combines this topic with a deep learning model, and proposes a text analysis model (PEAENet) for teaching ability evaluation of physical education teachers. The model first proposes an interactive multi-head attention to enhance interaction between aspect words as well as context. The attention of two aspects is calculated at the same time, including the attention of the context to the aspect word as well as aspect word attention to context. Second, this work combines Transformer's encoder structure with LSTM to obtain a more capable feature extraction module. In the label mapping stage, the label smoothing coefficient is introduced, which makes the model have stronger generalization ability.(AU)

A Qualitative Study of Drug Treatment Conformity Behavior among Young Drug Users Who Are in Recovery in China.

In response to social concerns about young drug users, this study aimed to qualitatively explore the types of drug treatment conformity behaviors and the processes of behavior formation among this population. Twenty-one young drug users were selected through purposive sampling, in-depth interviews were conducted using a semi-structured approach, and the data were then analyzed. The social conformity theory is used as the framework of the analysis, and the results indicate that drug treatment behaviors can be differentiated by the three types of motivation that produce conformity with drug treatment: the cognitive, affective, and utilitarian. These three types of motivations produce three types of conformity, respectively: drug treatment abidance, drug treatment compliance, and drug treatment obedience. They are affected by informational social influences, normative influences of significant others, and normative structural levels, respectively. We also propose a model of the information processing involved in drug treatment conformity. Based on an in-depth analysis of the characteristics and formation processes of the three different types of conformity, intervention strategies are proposed. This study has important guiding significance for helping young drug users maintain their drug rehabilitation ethics and successfully return to society.

Scientific Research Conformity of University Teachers: Role of Incentives and Internal Attribution.

BACKGROUND: Conformity is a process by which a person changes his original idea and attitude in response to group pressure and chooses to be consistent with the majority. The study was undertaken to explore university teachers' scientific research conformity (SRC), the psychological process of information processing and the types of internal attribution in SRC, and the relationship between SRC incentives and types of internal attribution. METHOD: A survey of 349 teachers from seven universities was conducted. We employed the mixed-method approach; data was collected through in-depth interviews and were analyzed using AMOS. RESULTS: In-depth interviews revealed that the basic principle of human organizational behavior is conformity with incentive, and conformity is a motivational behavior produced through psychological processing of social information. Factor analysis results revealed that teachers' SRC is characterized by abidance, compliance, and obedience. The internal incentives mainly affect abidance, and have a significant impact on obedience and compliance; the environmental incentives mainly affect abidance, and have a significant impact on obedience. Family and social relationship incentives mainly affect compliance, but social relationship incentives also have a significant impact on obedience. Additionally, policy incentives have a highly significant impact on obedience. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides first-hand empirical data for studies pertaining to research motivation and SRC behavior of Chinese university teachers. It also provides a theoretical basis for subsequent research on conformity behavior.

Measuring "Nudgeability": Development of a Scale on Susceptibility to Physical Activity Nudges among College Students.

BACKGROUND: The current college lifestyle create more opportunities for students to develop unhealthy behaviors, especially physical inactivity. Nudging could be an effective tool to improve physical activity behaviors by changing college settings. One-nudge-fits-all leads to ineffective nudges, so it is necessary to develop a reliable and valid instrument capable of measuring the "nudgeability" of physical activity nudges for college students, which is for a higher level of nudge efficacy. METHOD: Developing the College Physical Activity Nudges Susceptibility Scale (CPANSS) that integrated the nudge method with the Likert scale, which is the first attempt to measure the susceptibility to nudges directly by a scale. There are four steps for developing CPANSS, including Scale Dimensions, Item Generation, Exploratory Factor Analysis (n = 294), and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (n = 293) with appropriate procedures. RESULTS: The five-factor 21-item CPANSS with good reliability and validity fitted the data reasonably well. CONCLUSION: The CPANSS was to provide a new tool for policymakers to design effective nudges in changing and promoting physical activity in college settings, and to provide a method for scholars to promote other healthy behaviors for different target groups.