Application Effect Evaluation of Optimizing Emergency Nursing Process Before Emergency Coronary Intervention in Patients with AMI and Hypertension.

Objective: The study aimed to assess the impact of optimizing the emergency nursing process on certain outcomes in AMI patients with hypertension undergoing coronary intervention therapy. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study, a total of 90 patients with AMI complicated with hypertension admitted from October 2020 to March 2022 to observe the effect and safety of two different nursing methods in patients with AMI complicated with hypertension. According to the different nursing process, the subjects were divided into the optimization and conventional groups, with 45 cases in each group. Then, the rescue efficiency, success rate, recurrence rate, re-PCI rate, negative emotions, and adverse reactions of the two groups were observed. Results: The results showed that the first aid time (39.23±6.28 vs 49.78±9.14), PCI time (45.13±8.60 vs 60.40±8.16) and ECG time (4.18±0.69 vs 6.87±1.00), success rate (93.33% vs 66.67%) and recurrence rate (8.89% vs 22.22%) of the study subjects undergoing the optimized emergency nursing process were significantly better than those undergoing the general emergency nursing process (P < .05), and their negative emotions (7.51±1.77 vs 14.07±1.93) and adverse reactions (3 vs 9) were significantly lower than those of the conventional group (P < .05). Conclusions: It is suggested that optimizing the emergency nursing process before PCI for patients with AMI complicated with hypertension positively impacts the clinical efficacy and prognosis. Optimizing the emergency nursing process may potential benefits for patient health, healthcare resource utilization, or the quality of care, which should be consider in clinical practice.

Effects of hierarchical nursing management in patients with acute pulmonary embolism.

BACKGROUND: Acute pulmonary embolism (acute PE) is the most serious manifestation of venous thromboembolism. Hierarchical nursing management is an improved option for nursing, but no study that indicated the effects of hierarchical nursing management in patients with acute PE could be found. This study aimed to explore the effects of hierarchical nursing management on the quality of nursing care and the prognosis of patients with acute PE. Methods From January 2020 to January 2022, 92 patients with acute PE were recruited and divided into the study group and the control group. The study group was designated with our hierarchical nursing care and the control group was designated with a conventional nursing care. The data of general characteristics, nursing quality, the improvement of clinical symptoms, the job satisfaction of nursing was collected and compared. Results The door-to-needle time, the thrombectomy time and length of emergency staying the study group were shorter than those in the control group (P < 0.005). The rate of complications in the study group was lower than that in the control group (P = 0.158). The scores of the nursing quality and the nursing satisfaction levels in the study group were remarkably higher than that in the control group. Conclusion For acute PE patients, the using of hierarchical nursing management can shorten the rescue time, reduce the rate of complications and improve the nursing quality of nursing care.

Composite Inflammatory Indicators as Early Predictor of Intra-abdominal Infections after General Surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To identify rapid and accurate early diagnostic indicators for intra-abdominal infection (IAI) after general surgery. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 3,810 general surgical patients in our hospital from August 2017 to July 2018. The predictive value of PCT, CRP, TNFα, and IL6 on postoperative days (PODs) 1 and 3 and composite indicators for complicated IAIs among surgical patients was clarified. RESULTS: There were 271 patients in the infected group and 614 patients in the uninfected group using IAI diagnostic criteria in this study. CRP, PCT, TNFα, and IL6 in the infected group were significantly higher than the uninfected group on POD1 and POD3. In the infected group, the composition of the four indicators on POD1 (AUC 0.819) and POD3 (AUC 0.848) showed higher predictive efficiency than the individual indicators (AUC 0.670-0.805). CONCLUSION: The composite of CRP, PCT, TNFα, and IL6 can be used as a predictor of postoperative abdominal infectious complications with high sensitivity and specificity on POD1 and POD3, which can provide a basis for early diagnosis of postoperative abdominal infectious complications.

Transcriptome profiles of sturgeon lateral line electroreceptor and mechanoreceptor during regeneration.

BACKGROUND: The electrosensory ampullary organs (AOs) and mechanosensory neuromasts (NMs) found in sturgeon and some other non-neopterygian fish or amphibians are both originated from lateral line placodes. However, these two sensory organs have characteristic morphological and physiological differences. The molecular mechanisms for the specification of AOs and NMs are not clearly understood. RESULTS: We sequenced the transcriptome for neomycin treated sturgeon AOs and NMs in the early regeneration stages, and de novo assembled a sturgeon transcriptome. By comparing the gene expression differences among untreated AOs, NMs and general epithelia (EPs), we located some specific genes for these two sensory organs. In sturgeon lateral line, the voltage-gated calcium channels and voltage-gated potassium channels were predominant calcium and potassium channel subtypes, respectively. And by correlating gene expression with the regeneration process, we predicated several candidate key transcriptional regulation related genes might be involved in AOs and NMs regeneration. CONCLUSIONS: Genes with specific expression in the two lateral line sensory organs suggests their important roles in mechanoreceptor and electroreceptor formation. The candidate transcriptional regulation related genes may be important for mechano- and electro- receptor specification, in a "dosage-related" manner. These results suggested the molecular basis for specification of these two sensory organs in sturgeon.

Brain regions of marine medaka activated by acute and short-term ocean acidification.

Altered behaviors have been reported in many marine fish following exposure to high CO2 concentrations. However, the mechanistic link between elevated CO2 and activation of brain regions in fish is unknown. Herein, we examined the relative quantification and location of c-Fos expression in marine medaka following acute (360 min) and short-term (7 d) exposure to CO2-enriched water (1000 ppm and 1800 ppm CO2). In the control and two treatment groups, pH was stable at 8.21, 7.92 and 7.64, respectively. After acute exposure to seawater acidified by enrichment with CO2, there was a clear upregulation of c-Fos protein in the medaka brain (P < 0.05). c-Fos protein expression peaked after 120 min exposure in the two treatment groups and thereafter began to decline. There were marked increases in c-Fos-labeling in the ventricular and periventricular zones of the cerebral hemispheres and the medulla oblongata. After 1800 ppm CO2 exposure for 7 d, medaka showed significant preference for dark zones during the initial 2 min period. c-Fos protein expression in the ventricular and periventricular zones of the diencephalon in medaka exposed to 1000 ppm and 1800 ppm CO2 were 0.51 ± 0.10 and 1.34 ± 0.30, respectively, which were significantly higher than controls (P < 0.05). Highest doublecortin protein expression occurred in theventricular zones of the diencephalon and mesencephalon. These findings suggest that the ventricular and periventricular zones of the cerebral hemispheres and the medulla oblongata of marine medaka are involved in rapid acid-base regulation. Prolonged ocean acidification may induce cell mitosis and differentiation in the adult medaka brain.

Broadband low-scattering metasurface using a combination of phase cancellation and absorption mechanisms.

In this paper, a broadband low-scattering metasurface is proposed by using a combination of phase cancellation and absorption mechanisms. The metasurface is composed of two structural layers. One layer adopts the geometric phase cell that can obtain a different reflection phase by changing its orientation. Through the random phase distribution design, electromagnetic diffusion can be realized to reduce the backward scattering energy. The other layer is made of a resistive frequency selective surface (RFSS) that can absorb the incident wave by converting it into Ohmic loss. The above two physical mechanisms respectively play the great roles at two distinct frequency bands, and finally make our metasurface achieve the RCS reduction over a wide frequency band ranging from 13 to 31.5 GHz. Both simulation and experimental results are in good agreement, which fully demonstrates our design method. The analysis of the scattering patterns, electric-field distribution and power loss density are given to explain the hybrid RCS-reduction mechanism of our metasurface.

Broadband and Tunable RCS Reduction using High-order Reflections and Salisbury-type Absorption Mechanisms.

In this paper, a broadband and tunable radar cross section (RCS) reduction structure is proposed by using the hybrid physical mechanism that is based on high-order reflections and Salisbury-type absorption. Our design combines the high-index grating structure with a traditional Salisbury screen in which the lossy sheet is made of a graphene structure. When it is illuminated by a plane wave with normal incidence, the Salisbury screen can absorb the incoming wave, and the introducing high-index grating structure could further reduce the backward scattering wave by generating high-order reflection beams, which broadens the RCS reduction bandwidth. In addition, the RCS reduction level can be dynamically controlled by tuning the surface resistance of the graphene layer. Simulated results show that the proposed structure can realize tunable RCS reduction between 4.1 and 18 GHz under normal incidence with different graphene resistances. Experimental results are in accordance with those of the simulation results. In addition, the scattering field distributions and the plots of surface power loss density have been illustrated to analyze the RCS-reduction mechanism of our structure.

Cascaded metasurface for simultaneous control of transmission and reflection.

Due to the strong capability to control electromagnetic (EM) wave, metasurfaces have garnered considerable interest and brought in many intriguing EM functional devices. However, most of such devices can only work in either transmitted or reflected mode, and it is still very challenging to achieve a simultaneous control of reflection and transmission in one device. Here, we present a cascaded metasurface which integrates the resonant and geometrical phase cells, to manipulate the transmitted and reflected wave independently. By specific design of phase distribution, the reflected and transmitted wavefront can be respectively reshaped on the shared aperture at two different frequency bands. As a proof of concept, a bidirectional beam deflector is realized by our metasurface and experimentally demonstrated at the microwave region. Both simulated and experimental results show that the transmitted and reflected beams can be simultaneously deflected to the predesigned angles. Furthermore, this metasurface exhibits isotropic EM responses under the different linear polarized wave in the reflected mode, while behaves anisotropic EM responses under the different circular polarized waves in the transmitted mode. Our approach provides a simple way to realize full-space EM manipulation, which could be developed for potential applications in mutlifunctional devices and integrated systems.

Dual-band vortex beam generation with different OAM modes using single-layer metasurface.

Recently, considerable attention has been focused on orbital angular momentum (OAM) vortex wave, owing to its prospect of increasing communication capacity. Here, a single-layer metasurface is proposed to realize vortex beams with different OAM modes and polarizations carried at two distinctive bands. Both the resonant and geometric (Pancharatnam-Berry) phase cells are adopted to construct this metasurface for generating the desired phase profile, and each type of phase modulation cell can independently control the vortex beam at different frequencies. When a linearly-polarized wave is incident onto our metasurface, the resonant phase cells with spiral phase distribution can achieve OAM beam with topological charge of + 1 at 5.2 GHz. And under illumination of left-handed circular polarized (LHCP) wave, the rotated geometric phase cells assist the metasurface to generate the deflected OAM beam with topological charge of + 2 at 10.5~12 GHz. Both simulated and experimental results demonstrate good performance of the proposed single-layer metasurface at the above two frequency bands.

Heterogeneity of neuromasts in a fish without lateral line canals: the pufferfish (Takifugu obscurus) model.

Fish detect water motion with their mechanosensory lateral line. The basic functional unit of the lateral line is the neuromast. In most fish species, neuromasts are located in lateral line canals (canal neuromasts) or on the skin (superficial neuromasts). In this paper, we describe the lateral line system of the pufferfish, Takifugu obscurus If threatened, this fish inflates its body by sucking water into the esophagus. Pufferfish lack a canal system but have neuromasts located directly on the skin or in open grooves. Each groove houses tall, medium and short neuromasts, based on the height of their pedestal. One or more medium neuromasts were always located between two tall neuromasts, and the short neuromasts were scattered between them. Tall neuromasts showed phasic responses to water jets, similar to the canal neuromasts of other fish species. In contrast, the medium and short neuromasts showed tonic responses to water jets. The response properties of nerve fibers that innervated the medium and short neuromasts were similar to those of the superficial neuromasts found in other fish species. Our results suggest that each groove of a pufferfish has two functional groups of neuromasts. This may allow pufferfish to extract spatial and temporal hydrodynamic information, despite the changes in body shape that occur during and after inflation. The short neuromasts at the bottom of a groove most likely supplement the medium neuromasts when the body is maximally inflated.

Impact of ocean acidification on the early development and escape behavior of marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma).

Ocean acidification is predicted to affect a wide diversity of marine organisms. However, no studies have reported the effects of ocean acidification on Indian Ocean fish. We have used the Indian Ocean medaka (Oryzias melastigma) as a model species for a marine fish that lives in coastal waters. We investigated the impact of ocean acidification on the embryonic development and the stereotyped escape behavior (mediated by the Mauthner cell) in newly hatched larvae. Newly fertilized eggs of medaka were reared in seawater at three different partial pressures of carbon dioxide (pCO2): control at 450 µatm, moderate at 1160 µatm, and high at 1783 µatm. Hatch rates, embryonic duration, and larval malformation rates were compared and were not significantly different between the treatments and the control. In the high pCO2 group, however, the yolks of larvae were significantly smaller than in the control group, and the newly hatched larvae were significantly longer than the larvae in the control. In the moderate pCO2 group, the eye distance decreased significantly. No significantly negative growth effects were observed in the larvae when exposed to pCO2 levels that are predicted as a result of ocean acidification in the next 100-200 years. Larvae reared under control conditions readily produced C-start escape behavior to mechanosensory stimuli; however, in the moderate and high pCO2 experimental groups, the probabilities of C-start were significantly lower than those of the control group. Therefore, the sensory integration needed for the C-start escape behavior appears to be vulnerable to ocean acidification. Altered behavior in marine larval fish, particularly behaviors involved in escape from predation, could have potentially negative implications to fish populations, and, further, to the marine ecosystems at the levels of CO2 projected for the future.

Dual-band wide-angle metamaterial perfect absorber based on the combination of localized surface plasmon resonance and Helmholtz resonance.

In this article, a dual-band wide-angle metamaterial perfect absorber is proposed to achieve absorption at the wavelength where laser radar operates. It is composed of gold ring array and a Helmholtz resonance cavity spaced by a Si dielectric layer. Numerical simulation results reveal that the designed absorber displays two absorption peaks at the target wavelength of 10.6 µm and 1.064 µm with the large frequency ratio and near-unity absorptivity under the normal incidence. The wide-angle absorbing property and the polarization-insensitive feature are also demonstrated. Localized surface plasmons resonance and Helmholtz resonance are introduced to analyze and interpret the absorbing mechanism. The designed perfect absorber can be developed for potential applications in infrared stealth field.

Neomycin damage and regeneration of hair cells in both mechanoreceptor and electroreceptor lateral line organs of the larval Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii).

The lateral line found in some amphibians and fishes has two distinctive classes of sensory organs: mechanoreceptors (neuromasts) and electroreceptors (ampullary organs). Hair cells in neuromasts can be damaged by aminoglycoside antibiotics and they will regenerate rapidly afterward. Aminoglycoside sensitivity and the capacity for regeneration have not been investigated in ampullary organs. We treated Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) larvae with neomycin and observed loss and regeneration of sensory hair cells in both organs by labeling with DASPEI and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The numbers of sensory hair cells in both organs were reduced to the lowest levels at 6 hours posttreatment (hpt). New sensory hair cells began to appear at 12 hpt and were regenerated completely in 7 days. To reveal the possible mechanism for ampullary hair cell regeneration, we analyzed cell proliferation and the expression of neural placodal gene eya1 during regeneration. Both cell proliferation and eya1 expression were concentrated in peripheral mantle cells and both increased to the highest level at 12 hpt, which is consistent with the time course for regeneration of the ampullary hair cells. Furthermore, we used Texas Red-conjugated gentamicin in an uptake assay following pretreatment with a cation channel blocker (amiloride) and found that entry of the antibiotic was suppressed in both organs. Together, our results indicate that ampullary hair cells in Siberian sturgeon larvae can be damaged by neomycin exposure and they can regenerate rapidly. We suggest that the mechanisms for aminoglycoside uptake and hair cell regeneration are conserved for mechanoreceptors and electroreceptors. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:1443-1456, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Noise-Dependent Fish Distribution in Kelp Beds.

The marine marbled rockfish Sebastiscus marmoratus is dependent on kelp beds and rocks for survival and reproduction. We found that sound production and hearing sensitivity in S. marmoratus are closely matched in the frequency domain. We also found that the juvenile rockfish prefers the habitat of the larger macroalgae Sargassum horueri rather than the habitat containing the smaller algae Ulva pertusa where the adult rockfish prefers to live. Our underwater noise recording data from these two habitats indicate that their spectra of the background noise have different values. The results suggest that the acoustic cues may be critical for pelagic larvae when selecting the preferential habitat in which to settle.

Tunable plasmon-induced transparency in hybrid waveguide-magnetic resonance system.

We present a hybrid waveguide-magnetic resonance system with split ring resonators (SRRs) periodically arranged on top of a waveguide layer. Due to the destructive interference between the electric coupling to the magnetic resonance mode generated in the SRRs and the TE/TM waveguide modes supported by the waveguide layer, double plasmon-induced transparency is obtained at the infrared wavelength. Furthermore, the PIT resonance can be dynamically tuned by the incident angle. An ultranarrow PIT window with an FWHM of 7 nm is observed at the wavelength of 1.448 µm. The group index at the narrow PIT window can reach up to 100. We also demonstrate that the refractive index sensitivity and the figure of merit value can reach up to 640 nm/RIU and 64 in the sensing range, respectively. The proposed hybrid waveguide-magnetic resonance system with a high-quality factor PIT window is promising for efficient optical sensing, optical switching, and slow-light device design.

Functional C1q is present in the skin mucus of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii).

The skin mucus of fish acts as the first line of self-protection against pathogens in the aquatic environment and comprises a number of innate immune components. However, the presence of the critical classical complement component C1q, which links the innate and adaptive immune systems of mammalians, has not been explored in a primitive actinopterygian fish. In this study, we report that C1q is present in the skin mucus of the Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). The skin mucus was able to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli. The bacteriostatic activity of the skin mucus was reduced by heating and by pre-incubation with EDTA or mouse anti-human C1q antibody. We also detected C1q protein in skin mucus using the western blot procedure and isolated a cDNA that encodes the Siberian sturgeon C1qC, which had 44.7-51.4% identity with C1qCs in teleosts and tetrapods. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that Siberian sturgeon C1qC lies at the root of the actinopterygian branch and is separate from the tetrapod branch. The C1qC transcript was expressed in many tissues as well as in skin. Our data indicate that C1q is present in the skin mucus of the Siberian sturgeon to protect against water-borne bacteria, and the C1qC found in the sturgeon may represent the primitive form of teleost and tetrapod C1qCs.

Neural basis of the stress response in a pufferfish, Takifugu obscurus.

When faced with danger, pufferfish react with both a fast-start escape response and inflation behavior. The neural basis of these stress responses in the pufferfish has not been described. The present study reveals that during inflation behavior, the buccal cavity expands and compresses as a pump to control the direction of water flow and draws water in and out. The inflation involves a series of major anatomical modifications of the head. The greatly enlarged first branchiostegal ray and its associated hyohyoideus abductor muscle are the key mechanisms responsible for this behavior. The nerve branch innervating the hyohyoideus abductor muscle is highly developed, and its central origin at the motor nucleus of the VIIth cranial nerve was revealed by tract-tracing using the carbocyanine dye DiI. The central connections from its origin were found to be several motor nuclei in the medulla and the spinal cord, the nuclei of cranial nerve III and IV in the mesencephalon, and the pretectalis superficialis and periventricular preoptic nuclei in the diencephalon. Both the sympathetic cells and the parvocellular part of the periventricular preoptic nucleus might play a neuro-endocrine role in the rapid movement of the buccal cavity during puffing behavior in this species of pufferfish. The central circuit revealed by this study is hypothesized to mediate the C-start escape behavior and puffing behavior.

Hearing characteristics of cephalopods: modeling and environmental impact study.

Cephalopods (octopus, squid and cuttlefish) are some of the most intriguing molluscs, and they represent economically important commercial marine species for fisheries. Previous studies have shown that cephalopods are sensitive to underwater particle motion, especially at low frequencies in the order of 10 Hz. The present paper deals with quantitative modeling of the statocyst system in three cephalopod species: Octopus vulgaris, Sepia officinalis and Loligo vulgaris. The octopus's macula/statolith organ was modeled as a 2nd-order dynamic oscillator using parameter values estimated from scanning electron micrograph images. The modeling results agree reasonably well with experimental data (acceleration threshold) in the three cephalopod species. Insights made from quantitative modeling and simulating the particle motion sensing mechanism of cephalopods elucidated their underwater particle motion detection capabilities. Sensitivity to emerging environmental issues, such as low frequency noise caused by near-shore wind farms and increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the ocean, and sensitivity to sounds produced by impending landslides were investigated in octopus using the model.

Sound production in marbled rockfish (Sebastiscus marmoratus) and implications for fisheries.

Recently, several rockfish species (genus Sebastes) have been reported to be soniferous. To determine whether an additional rockfish species produces sounds, passive acoustic recordings were analyzed from captive marbled rockfish (Sebastiscus marmoratus) during the non-spawning season. Three distinct sounds were identified based on frequency features. The common characteristics among all sounds were low frequency (below 300 Hz) and rapidly dampened pulses consisting of 3-5 acoustic energy cycles. During free-swimming conditions in the canvas tank, the fish produced voluntary sounds with lower frequencies than the disturbance sounds produced by individuals during prodding. Two types of sounds were identified in the disturbance context: one type consists of single or double pulses with two peak frequencies, and another type consists of a series of pulses with a single peak frequency. These results suggest that specific-species and behavior-associated sounds are potentially useful in passive acoustical surveys to monitor rockfish populations and distributions remotely.