Green sulfidated iron oxide nanocomposites for efficient removal of Malachite Green and Rhodamine B from aqueous solution.

A green and facile pathway was described using Viburnum odoratissimum leaf extract in the presence of sodium thiosulfate for the synthesis of sulfidated iron oxide nanocomposites (S-Fe NCs) adsorbents. The prepared S-Fe NCs can be used for the efficient removal of Malachite Green (MG) and Rhodamine B (RhB) from aqueous solution. Analytical techniques by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were applied to understand the morphologies and compositions of S-Fe NCs. The stability of the adsorption capacity on S-Fe NCs was studied. Results from the characterization studies showed that S-Fe NCs were mainly composed of iron oxides, iron sulfides and biomolecules. The S-Fe NCs displayed high adsorption capacity for a wide range of pH values. The Koble-Corrigan isotherm model and Elovich model well described the adsorption process. The maximum adsorption capacity for MG and RhB was 4.31 mmol g-1 and 2.88 mmol g-1 at 303 K, respectively. The adsorption mechanism may be attributed to the electrostatic interaction, the hydrogen bonding, the π-π stacking interactions, the inner-sphere surface complexation or the cation bridging among the S-Fe NCs and dye molecules.

Optimized preparation of activated carbon from furfural residue using response surface methodology and its application for bisphenol S adsorption.

Furfural residue (FR), a solid waste, was applied as the precursor to prepare activated carbon by steam activation. The Box-Behnken design (BBD) approach-based response surface methodology (RSM) was utilized to optimize the preparation conditions to evaluate their effects on the performance of activated carbon from furfural residue (FRAC). The optimum preparation conditions of FRAC were found as follows: activation temperature of 922 °C, activation time of 62 min, and the mass ratio of char to H2O of 1:4.5, resulting in 1,501.84 mg/g of iodine adsorption capacity and 1,662.41 m2/g of specific surface area. The FRAC was characterized and then the adsorption performance of bisphenol S (BPS) on FRAC was investigated. Langmuir and Koble-Corrigan isotherm models were well fitted to the experimental data, and the adsorption kinetics process was perfectly described by the pseudo-second-order model. Thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption of BPS was a spontaneous exothermic process. Besides, the regeneration efficiency of FRAC was over 97% after five consecutive cycles. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of FRAC for BPS was 3.2848 mmol/g at 298 K, indicating that the FRAC was an excellent adsorbent for the removal of BPS from aqueous solutions.

Effects of astragalus polysaccharides on immunologic function of erythrocyte in chickens infected with infectious bursa disease virus.

160 Haline white chickens at 25 days old, negative for antibody to infectious bursa disease virus (IBDV), were randomly allocated into four groups. Chickens in groups 2-4 were infected with 0.3 ml IBDV at 26 days old. Chickens in groups 3 and 4 were injected respectively with 5 and 10 mg astragalus polysaccharide (APS) for 6 consecutive days from the first day of infection. At 21, 29, 32, 35 and 38 days old, the blood samples were taken from heart, and erythrocyte-C(3b) receptor rosette rate (E-C(3b)RR), erythrocyte-C(3b) immune complex rosette rate (E-ICRR), erythrocyte rosette forming enhancing rate (ERER) and erythrocyte rosette forming inhibitory rate (ERIR) were measured. The results showed that E-C(3b)RR and ERER significantly declined in chicken infected with IBDV (p<0.01); E-C(3b)RR, E-ICRR and ERER in groups 3 and 4 treated with APS were higher than that in groups 1 and 2 (p<0.01), the ERIR in groups 3 and 4 is similar to that in group 1. The results suggest that the immunological function of chicken erythrocytes declines after infected with IBDV and APS obviously enhances the immunological function of chicken erythrocytes.