RESUMO
Objective: Diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease are multifactorial conditions with multiple etiologies that share similar pathophysiologies. This nationwide cohort study examined the impact of diabetes mellitus on the follow-up development of chronic kidney disease. Methods: By retrieving the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2005, 5121 patients with diabetes mellitus were included in this study and 5121 patients without diabetes mellitus, who were matched according to sex, age, and Charlson comorbidity index made up the control group. The adjusted hazard ratios for chronic kidney disease were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate the cumulative incidence of chronic kidney disease rate in the diabetes mellitus and control groups. Results: After adjusting for sex, age, and Charlson comorbidity index score, the diabetes mellitus group had a 1.380 times higher (95% CI: 1.277-1.492) risk of developing chronic kidney disease than the control group. Further stratified analysis showed that patients with diabetes mellitus had a significantly higher risk of developing chronic kidney disease regardless of their sex, age, and Charlson comorbidity index score, compared to those without diabetes mellitus. Conclusions: There is a possibility that diabetes mellitus serves as an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease development. Early screening and monitoring of diabetes mellitus appear to be of great importance in the prevention of chronic kidney disease.
RESUMO
The outbreak of COVID-19 epidemic is endangering the health of all humans and requires the urgent attention and active response of all countries and all areas of society. Existing studies have shown that wild animals are one of the sources of high-risk virus infection affecting human health, and human activities have largely shaped the routes of virus transmission. To protect wildlife is to protect human health. We should follow the concept of One Health to make corresponding legislation, so as to better coordinate the relationship among human health, animal health and environmental health. Since the outbreak of COVID-19 epidemic, China has taken many effective measures to prevent its spreading, including revision of the Wild Animal Conservation Law. All sectors of the Chinese society have issued a strong appeal to pursue One Health and even specific legislative proposals. Because the current Wild Animal Conservation Law fails to properly reflect the concept of One Health, which is the root cause of the imperfect design of the system and the key to the unsatisfactory effectiveness of the legal application. China's new Wild Animal Conservation Law is expected to make a large-scale and systematic revision, which should fully implement the concept of One Health.
RESUMO
A method for the preparation of porosity osmotic pump granules was obtained by modulating carvedilol solubility with tartaric acid. Controlled porosity of the membrane was accomplished by the use of pore-forming agent in the coating. In this study, carvedilol was chosen as a model drug with an aim to develop a zero-order release system; tartaric acid was used as the solubility promoter; NaCl was used as the osmotic agent; cellulose acetate (CA) was used as the materials of semipermeable membrane; and PEG-400 was used as the pore-forming agent in the semipermeable membrane. The influence of different factors or levels on the in vitro release was studied. In order to simulate the gastrointestinal tract environments, two kinds of pH media (pH 1.5 and 6.8) on drug release were studied in this research, respectively. This porosity osmotic pump was optimized by single factor design experiments, and it was found to deliver carvedilol at a zero-order rate within 12 h and controlled release for 24 h. We drew a conclusion that the solubility-modulated porosity osmotic pump system is simple to prepare and might be used for the preparation of osmotic pump system of other poorly water-soluble drugs with alkaline or acid groups.
