Prevalence and risk factors associated with chronic kidney disease in a Zhuang ethnic minority area in China.

AIM: Numerous studies have examined and reported a high prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the general population in various countries including China. However, the situation may be different in undeveloped rural minority regions in China because of China's economic diversity. The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of CKD and to analyze its associated factors in a Zhuang ethnic minority area in Southwest China. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of a rural minority area populated by people of Zhuang ethnicity in Southwest China using multistage, cluster random sampling methods was performed. The prevalence of indicators of kidney damage and CKD were calculated and risk factors associated with the presence of CKD were analyzed. RESULTS: In total, 7588 people participated in the study. After adjustment for age and gender, the prevalence of albuminuria, haematuria and reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate were 2.7%, 3.7%, and 2.2%, respectively. After adjustment for age and gender, the prevalence of CKD was 8.3%, while recognition of the disease was 3.6%. Independent risk factors associated with CKD were age, gender, and hypertension. Risk factors independently associated with kidney damage were age, gender, hyperuricaemia, and hypertension. CONCLUSION: Our data exhibited a lower prevalence and awareness of CKD in undeveloped rural minority regions, especially exhibited a low prevalence of albuminuria. This result attributed to the low prevalence of metabolic disorders in the local region. Risk factors associated with CKD in our study is similar to surveys in other regions of China.

[An epidemiology study on hypertension in the Zhuang nationality village from the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the risk factors and prevalence status of hypertension at the Guangxi Zhuang-rural region. METHODS: Through cross-sectional survey, Xinlan village (Ethnic-Zhuang tribe village) in Liangqing District of Nanning was chosen as survey site. Select Zhuang-ethnic villagers (age ≥ 18 years, living time ≥ 6 months per year) as survey subjects. Questionnaire survey and examinations including blood pressure measurement, blood tests, and urine test were made by trained medical professionals. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of hypertension. RESULTS: Complete data were obtained in 2036 residents. The hypertension prevalence rate was 11.6% (237/2036) [12.5% (110/883) for male, 11.0% (127/1153) for female], adjusted prevalence rate was 10.7% (11.3% for male, 10.4% for female) based on the population of Guangxi in 2010. Hypertension awareness rate was 36.3% (86/237) , therapy rate was 22.8% (54/237) , and control rate was 11.0% (26/237) . Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR = 1.06, 95%CI:1.05-1.08, P < 0.01), alcohol drinking habit (OR = 1.92, 95%CI:1.25-2.95, P < 0.01), high salt diet(OR = 1.48, 95%CI:1.04-2.10, P < 0.05), diabetes(OR = 7.03, 95%CI:1.94-25.44, P < 0.01), obesity(OR = 1.20, 95%CI: 1.15-1.25, P < 0.01) and hypertriglyceridemia(OR = 1.12, 95%CI:1.03-1.22, P < 0.01) were risk factors for hypertension in this cohort. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence rate is slightly lower in adult of the Guangxi Zhuang-rural areas than national or Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region levels, but hypertension awareness, therapy and control rates in this cohort are not satisfactory. Targeted strategies are needed to improve the prevention and therapy of hypertension in this region.