Gliomas cerebrales de bajo grado en el adulto / Low grade gliomas un adults

Objetivo. Bajo esta denominación se incluyen a los astrocitomas fibrilares y protoplasmáticos, a los oligodendrogliomas, y a los oligoastrocitomas o tumores mixtos, que corresponden a los grados II de la nueva clasificación de la OMS . Los astrocitomas de bajo grado representan el 15% de los gliomas hemisféricos cerebrales en el adulto. Los oligodendrogliomas tienen una incidencia del 4% (2,4). Presentamos la experiencia de nuestro grupo de trabajo con este tipo de tumores entre enero de 1972 y diciembre de 2006.Material y método. Se analizaron las historias clínicas de 25 pacientes adultos que presentaron esta variedad de tumor, de los cuales 15 eran mujeres y 10 varones, que representan el 15,6% de los gliomas cerebrales en este grupo etario. Resultados: Quince eran astrocitomas fibrilares, ocho oligodendrogliomas y dos oligoastrocitomas. El principal estudio de imagen fue la resonancia nuclear magnética con espectroscopia. El tratamiento dependió de la ubicación y del volumen tumoral, siendo la cirugía y la radioterapia las modalidades terapéuticas mas empleadas. El tumor recidivó en 16 enfermos, con una media de 37 ± 21 meses después del diagnóstico, cuyas histopatologías mostraron ser: astrocitomas anaplásicos en 7 y glioblastomas multiformes en 9. Han fallecido 16 enfermos, 14 por el tumor cerebral, uno por cáncer de lengua y otro por embolia pulmonar producida a los 10 días de la cirugía, con una mediana de sobrevida de 44 meses (10 días a 120 meses). De los 9 pacientes que viven, 7 tienen oligodendrogliomas, 2 astrocitomas, y uno tiene un oligoastrocitoma; 7 requieren medicación antiepilética, ninguno tiene secuelas neurológicas, con una mediana de sobrevida de 36 meses (6 a 120 meses); dos han tenido recidiva, correspondientes a un oligodendroglioma y a un oligoastrocitoma, a los 22 y 60 meses respectivamente del diagnóstico, en los dos casos el tumor pasó de ser un grado II a grado III...

Objective. Gliomas reviewed in this article are grade II tumors according to the World Health Organization (WHO), that include: fibrillary and protoplasmic astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas and oligoastrocytomas or mix tumors (1,2,3).Low grade astrocytomas constitute 15% of brain tumors in adults, while low grade oligodendrogliomas represent 4% (2,4). We present our experience with this type of tumor operated on between January 1972 and December 2006.Material and Method. The clinical reports of 25 patients with this type of tumor were analyzed, 15 women and 10 men, which represent 15,6% of hemispheric brain gliomas in adults in our series.Results. Fifteen were fibrillary astrocytomas, 8 oligodendrogliomasand 2 oligoastrocytomas. Treatment depended on tumor localization and size. Surgery and radiotherapy were thetherapeutic modalities most frequently used. Tumor recurrence was observed in 16 patients, with a media of 37+/- 21 months after diagnosis: 7 anaplastic astrocytomas and 9 glioblastomasmultiforme. In this series, 16 patients died with a median of 44 months (10 days to 120 months) after diagnosis. Cause of death were: tumor itself, in 14 cases, tongue cancer in 1, and pulmonaryembolism after surgery in another. From the 9 surviving patients, 6 have oligodendrogliomas, 2 astrocytomas and 1 an oligoastrocytoma. Seven patients need antiepileptic drug and none of them presents neurological sequels. The survival mediana was 36 months (6 to 120 months). Two of them had tworecurrences between 22 and 60 months after diagnosis, one oligodendroglioma and the other an oligoastrocytoma; in both cases tumors grade II became tumors grade III. Conclusion. The relative incidence of 15,6% in adult gliomas of our series is similar to the international experience. Age, younger as 40 years, seizures, as clinical presentation, extension of surgical resection, low Ki 67 index in astrocytomas, and...

Management of child optic pathway gliomas: new therapeutical option.

OBJECTIVE: To present our experience in the treatment of child optic pathway gliomas in the last 25 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seventeen children under 10 years of age have been analyzed and assessed from clinic, ophthalmologic, endocrinologic, neurological, neuropathologic, and imaginologic points of view. RESULTS: Predominance of female patients, 10 girls and 7 boys between 6 and 122 months old; mean age was 3 years and 8 months. The most frequent symptoms have been ophthalmologic and visual alterations in all 17 patients, endocrine alterations in 10, and neurological signs in 6. One of the patients presented neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), another patient had Down syndrome. Diagnosed using computed tomography or/and magnetic resonance imaging, histological studies showed pilocytic astrocytomas in 13 cases and a fibrillary astrocytoma grade II in 1 case. There were three patients without histological diagnosis; one of them had NF1. The treatment consisted of surgery, external beam radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and brachytherapy with iodine 125, separately or combined. Five patients died; the causes were secondary tumors in two children, tumor recurrence in one, sepsis secondary to respiratory and urinary tract infections in the child with Down syndrome, and finally, hydrocephaly due to hyperproteinorachia of tumor origin in one. Average survival was 89 months. CONCLUSION: Chemotherapy and brachytherapy are therapeutic methods to be considered, especially in children under 5. Marsupialization of the residual cyst into the ventricular system postradio or oncolytic treatment through endoscopic or stereotactic techniques is useful in the treatment of endocranial hypertension and/or hypothalamic compression in these patients.