Atypical Paroxysmal Kinesigenic Dyskinesia with Paroxysmal Exercise-induced Dyskinesia

Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD) is a diagnostic term for transient, involuntary abnormal movements triggered by sudden motions. The treatment for PKD differs from other paroxysmal dyskinesias, as it notably responds well to sodium channel blockers. We report a case of atypical PKD, coupled with paroxysmal exercise-induced dyskinesia (PED). Both PKD and PED in this patient showed a good response to oxcarbazepine. This case could be clinical evidence that paroxysmal dyskinesias could potentially be regarded as a spectrum disorder with overlapping features.

A Case of Seizure Like Movement During Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Diagnosed With Pseudo-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder Associated With Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is characterized by complex motor behaviors and REM without atonia. RBD shows diverse clinical manifestations, ranging from typical violent dreamenacting behaviors to relatively subtle limb movements. Sleep disorders such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and nocturnal seizure that mimic RBD symptoms are referred to as pseudo-RBD. We describe a patient who showed an atypical clinical presentation of pseudo-RBD associated with severe OSA. Polysomnography with a full 10–20 electroencephalography montage was useful for accurate diagnosis.