[Experience with the use of a low-calorie diet in breast cancer patients to prevent metastasis]. / Opyt primeneniia nizkokaloriinoi diety u bol'nykh rakom molochnoi zhelezy s tsel'iu profilaktiki metastazirovaniia.

The paper discusses results of three-year follow-up of breast cancer patients keeping to a low-calorie diet after radical mastectomy and chemotherapy. The diet was planned according to age, energy expenditures and body weight and was aimed at a 15% decrease in the total caloricity as compared to corresponding individually-tailored norms for healthy people. This was achieved by reduction in fat (by 30%) and carbohydrates (by 9%). To assure the diet on the domiciliary basis, patients were provided with a table of nutrients for all food products available. Regular examination failed to show any adverse effects of the dietary restrictions on the general status of patients. However, an inhibiting effect of the diet on progression of disease was established, with recurrence being registered in 25% of controls (in 13 out of 52 patients) and only 7% of the study group (in 4 out of 56 cases).

[The enhancement under the action of a limited diet of the antimetastatic effect due to macrophage activation in mice with Lewis carcinoma]. / Usilenie pod vozdeistviem ogranichennogo ratsiona antimetastaticheskogo éffekta, obuslovlennogo aktivatsiei makrofagov, u myshei s kartsinomoi L'iuis.

An antimetastatic effect associated with macrophage activation by liposome-encapsulated glucosaminylmuramyldipeptide was found to enhance in malnourished mice with the Lewis lung carcinoma. These changes were not matched by further increase in the functional activity of macrophages. It has been suggested that enhancement of the antimetastatic effect in malnourished animals is due to the inhibition of neovascularization necessary for the beginning of metastatic exponential growth. The induction of neovascularization may be caused by the tumor necrosis factor, main product of activated macrophages.

[Increase of dissemination processes in palpation and puncture of tumors]. / Usilenie protsessov disseminatsii pri pal'pirovanii i punktirovanii opukholei.

Palpation and puncture are used for diagnosis of some tumors. These procedures may cause trauma and thus stimulate tumor dissemination. Special experiments were carried out to assess the role of these methods in tumor spreading.

[Characteristics of nutrition and certain mechanisms of antitumor resistance]. / Osobennosti pitaniia i nekotorye mekhanizmy protivoopukholevoi rezistentnosti.

Nutrition (general caloricity, protein and fat content), immune system indices, hormonal status, neovascularization or proliferative processes are discussed in the review from the standpoint of their influence on mechanisms of the antitumour resistance. It is confirmed that such peculiarities of nutrition as moderate reduction of general caloricity and decrease of fat content can be considered as means increasing the antitumour resistance.

[The modifying action of tumor necrosis factor on angiogenesis]. / Modifitsiruiushchee deistvie faktora nekroza opukholei na angiogenez.

It has been shown that capillary formation in chorion-allantois membranes of chicken embryos under the influence of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) on neovascularization process depends on the dose applied and that the character of this influence may be different. Little TNF doses (0.025-0.25 ng) inhibit angiogenesis induced by the angiogenic factor received from the Lewis carcinoma. An increase of the TNF dose stimulates angiogenesis. The further rise of the dose produces a destructive effect on capillaries. The dose-dependent effect of the TNF must be considered in different model systems as well as in clinical practice.

[The content of tumor angiogenesis factor in the blood serum of C57Bl/6 mice during the growth and metastasis of transplanted tumors]. / Soderzhanie opukholevogo angiogennnogo faktora v syvorotke krovi myshei linii C57Bl/6 pri roste i metastazirovanii perevivnykh opukholei.

The tumour growth and metastasis development after the primary tumour removal is accompanied by the appearance of the tumour angiogenesis factor (TAF) in blood. The TAF level directly correlates with the volume of tumour cell masses. These results confirm the present notions about the close correlation of the tumour growth and neovascularization and may be used to control the activity of neovascularization and malignant growth.

[Effect of a limitation of the food ration on macrophage functional activity and angiogenesis in mice with metastasizing tumors]. / Vliianie ogranicheniia pishchevogo ratsiona na funktsional'nuiu aktivnost' makrofagov i angiogenez u myshei s metastaziruiushchimi opukholiami.

In mice with metastasizing tumors that received a reduced (by 30-40%) daily ration, suppression of neovascularization processes and normalization of macrophage function were recorded: activity of macrophages in the area of the metastatic growth increased, while activity of macrophages suppressing T-lymphocytes in the spleen was decreased. It has been suggested that these effects play a role in the phenomenon observed by the authors--suppression of the metastatic processes in the test mice kept on a reduced food ration.

[Effect of preparations from the vitreous body having anti-angiogenic properties on the metastatic spread of Lewis lung carcinoma]. / Vliianie preparatov iz steklovidnogo tela glaz, obladaiushchikh antiangiogennym svoistvom, na metastazirovanie kartsinomy legkikh L'iuis.

Preparations extracted from the vitreous body were studied for their effect on the activity of angiogenesis and metastatic spreading. A semipurified extract and a protein preparation with molecular weight 12,000 exerted an inhibitory effect on metastasis growth of Lewis carcinoma after removal of the primary tumour. Application of these preparations has also led to an inhibition of the capillary network growth which developed subcutaneously in the site of the organic glass plate implanting, which was considered as an inhibition of the angiogenesis activity. Such an effect was not observed with the use of hyaluronate, extracted from the vitreous body.

[Effect of erythrocytes isolated from the blood of animals with experimental tumors on the proliferative activity of cultured tumor cells]. / Vliianie éritrotsitov, vydelennykh iz krovi zhivotnykh s éksperimental'nymi opukholiami, na proliferativnuiu aktivnost' kul'tiviruemykh opukholevykh kletok.

It has been established that erythrocytes taken from blood of mice with experimental tumors being in the active phase of growth, or of mice with a recidivation of the primary tumor intensify proliferative processes in the culture of tumor cells. Erythrocytes from animals with tumors being in the stationary phase of growth did not reveal such a capacity. The authors connect such an effect with the erythrocyte transport function due to which they can store up those factors excreted by tumors which stimulate proliferation. It is supposed that the test defining the peculiarities of the effect of erythrocytes on the proliferative capacity of tumor cells in the tissue culture can be used for the judgement about an individual activity of the growth of primary tumors as well as for the diagnostics of recidivation of tumor growth.

[Tumor metastasis as affected by reduced food rations]. / Metastazirovanie opukholei pri umen'shenii pishchevogo ratsiona.

The study was concerned with the relationship between the level of Lewis carcinoma spread in mice and a 2.5-fold cut in the daily ration of standard granulated feeds. After removal of primary tumor, or both before and after the removal, metastases did not occur in 80% of malnourished animals; metastases developed in the remaining 20%, but their size and number decreased 2-4-fold. The antimetastatic effect persisted after the rations returned to normal. The said effect was not observed when primary tumor remained intact or the rations were cut when metastases were already apparent.

[Effect of actions inhibiting neovascularization of the metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma]. / Vliiania vozdeistvii, ingibiruiushchikh neovaskuliarizatsiiu, na metastazirovanie kartsinomy legkikh L'iuis.

Indomethacine, protamine-sulphate and hydrocortisone were found to decrease the activity of metastatic processes of Lewis carcinoma after the removal of the primary tumour. The most pronounced effect was observed in case of the complex application of these preparations. The effect obtained correlates with the ability of these preparations to inhibit the neovascularization.

[Detection of chalones produced by a primary tumor in the blood of mice with Lewis carcinoma]. / Obnaruzhenie v krovi myshei s kartsinomoi L'iuis keilonov, vydeliaemykh pervichnoi opukhol'iu.

The substance fraction precipitated in 81% ethanol from blood or tumour tissue of mice with Lewis (3LL) carcinoma on the 13th, 20th and 32nd day after the tumour transplantation is established to inhibit the processes of proliferation in the cell culture of the same tumour. The fraction isolated on the 7th day after transplantation stimulated the proliferation. No inhibition of proliferation was observed when studying the effect of the same fraction isolated on the 13th and 20th day from blood of mice with B-16 melanoma on the 3LL carcinoma. This fact suggests a tissue-specific action of proliferation inhibitors isolated from blood of mice with Lewis 3LL carcinoma and permits considering them as chalones. An assumption is advanced that the primary tumour synthesizing chalones and secreting them into blood can regulate not only its own growth but also the growth of remoted metastases.

[Determination of the mitotic index in tumors by using cell suspensions]. / Opredelenie mitoticheskogo indeksa v opukholiakh s ispol'zovaniem kletochnykh suspenzii.

A new variant of the method for mitotic index determination is offered. For this, a tumor cell suspension is obtained by treating the tumor with a 0.3% trypsin solution. Then the cells are transferred to a hypotonic solution where these undergo lysis and, in result, the nuclei are seen to be released in the medium. The ratio of nuclei being in meta- and anaphase is determined. Determination of the mitotic index in tumors using this method allows to avoid a technical error associated with the fact that the proliferative activity is not uniform in different parts of the tumor.

[Monoaminodicarboxylic acids and their amides in tissues during regressive tumor growth]. / Monoaminodikarbonovye kisloty i ikh amidy v tkaniakh pri regressivnom kharaktere rosta opukholi.

It is established that the content of monoaminodicarboxylic acids and their amides in the organism tissues decreases not so sharply in the course of regressive development of the viral Moloney sarcoma as in case of its progressive growth. The process of the sarcoma spontaneous resolution is accompanied by a considerable increase in the content of these substances. Being used in the process of Moloney sarcoma growth and resolution, asparaginase, reducing the content of the above-mentioned substances in tissues, intensified in tumour growth and inhibited the tumour resolution. The contrary effect on the tumour growth was obtained by an additional introduction of monoaminodicarboxylic acids and their amides from outside. A conclusion is drawn about the influence of these substances metabolism on the formation of antitumoural defence physiological mechanisms, contributing in this case to a spontaneous tumour resolution.

[Changes in immune reactivity of the organism and content of monoaminodicarboxylic acid and their derivatives in brain and spleen]. / Izmenenie immunologicheskoi reaktivnosti organizma i soderzhanie monoaminodikarbonovykh kislot i ikh proizvodnykh v golovnom mozge i selezenke.

It is established in experiments with mice that the contrary effects on the immune system caused different changes in the level of monoaminodicarboxylic acids and their derivatives in the brain and spleen structures. While immunostimulation was accompanied by an increase in monoaminocarboxylic acids, immunodepression, on the contrary, was characterized by a decrease in their contents up to the level, which is lower than the initial one. The main task of the investigation was to find out if this correlation is of causal character, which might be indicative of the significance of maintaining the definite level of monoaminodicarboxylic acids and their derivatives in the brain immunocompetent organs for normal functioning of the immune system.

[Role of hemostasis in metastatic spread]. / O roli sistemy gemostaza v protsessakh metastazirovaniia.

Blood fibrin being deposited around the circulating tumor cells seems to contribute to metastatic spread, thus enhancing the cell implantation. Whereas the same fibrin hampers cells detachment from a tumor node and their further dissemination in the organism. The anticoagulation blood system interfers with the fibrin formation, whereby inhibiting the cell implantation and metastatic spread, but is may also enhance them, contributing to detachment and dissemination of tumor cells. In this respect, to enhance the antimetastatic resistance of the body there must be a balanced interaction between the coagulation and anticoagulation blood systems with an unremoved tumor and the increased anticoagulation function after the tumor node resection especially in the early postoperative period.