Gender Differences among Nurses in Managing Arterial Puncture-Related Pain: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study.

There is evidence that healthcare can be executed differentially depending on the gender of patients, researchers, and clinicians. The aim was to analyze the possible existence of nursing gender differences in pain management produced by arterial puncture for blood gas analysis. A cross-sectional, multicenter study designed was conducted in Castilla-la Mancha (Spain). Variables of interest were collected from nurses in the public health system of a European region through a questionnaire. Data were collected for four months; the primary outcome was the use of any intervention to reduce pain and the explanatory variable was the nurse's gender. Bivariate analysis was carried out to assess associations between gender and pain-reducing interventions and a multivariate model was created with those factors that were relevant using logistic regression. A significantly higher proportion of men reported using some form of intervention (45% vs. 30%) and had more specific training (45.9% vs. 32.4%). The adjusted probability of using pain-reducing interventions by men was 71% higher than women. Thus, we found gender differences in the management of pain caused by arterial punctures performed by nurses as the main healthcare providers.

Development of an Information Guideline for Kidney Transplant Recipients in a Clinical Trial: Protocol for a Modified Delphi Method.

BACKGROUND: Renal transplantation is the treatment of choice for most cases of end-stage renal disease. Recipients need to lead a healthy lifestyle to minimize the potential side effects of immunosuppressive drugs and improve transplant outcomes. There is not much evidence about the best way to increase adherence to healthy lifestyles in kidney transplant recipients, so one of the objectives set by the nursing team is to train people to acquire the necessary skills and tools to be able to take care of themselves. In this sense, the consensual development of appropriate materials may be useful and of interest. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to develop an information guide for adults with kidney transplants to be assessed in a subsequent clinical trial as an intervention to increase adherence to healthy habits. METHODS: We used a 3-step, methodological, sequential approach: (1) training from a group of experts and item consensus; (2) review of the medical literature available; and (3) use of the Delphi technique with on-site meetings. A total of 5 nurses from the Community of Madrid Kidney Transplantation Unit in Spain were asked to participate. The patients' lifestyle factors that, according to the medical literature available and experts' opinions, have the greatest impact on the survival of the transplanted organ and the recipients themselves were all described. RESULTS: After using the modified Delphi method to reach a consensus on the items to be included and the information needed in each, an information guide for adult kidney transplant patients was developed. This guide facilitates the structuring of health care, information, and recommendations necessary for effective self-care for each person. The result is considered to be an easy-to-understand tool, useful for transplant doctors and nurses, in simple language, with information based on the latest scientific-medical evidence published to date, aspects of which will be evaluated in a clinical trial designed for this purpose. CONCLUSIONS: Currently, this guide is the main intervention variable of a clinical trial (registered on ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT05715580) aimed at improving compliance with healthy habits in kidney transplant recipients in the Community of Madrid, Spain. The method used in its development has been useful and agile, and the result is a guide that can be easily updated periodically following the same procedure. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/46961.

Influence of Care on the Prevention of Bacteremia in Hemodialysis: Systematic Review.

Central venous catheter-related infection is the most common complication in patients on hemodialysis. Nursing care is essential for its maintenance, minimizing risk factors, and avoiding complications, such as bacteremia. A systematic review was conducted to identify the influence of nursing care on the prevention of bacteremia due to hemodialysis catheter. The primary endpoint was the bacteremia rate measured as number of events per 1000 catheter days. The rate of bacteremia in the studies ranged from 0.2 to 5.47 events per 1000 catheter days after the application of nursing care. Several studies have shown a significant reduction in central venous catheter bacteremia with the application of management protocols, appropriate vigilance, and monitoring, as well as the inclusion of the Plan Do Check Act cycle and education.

Validation of the Barthel Index as a Predictor of In-Hospital Mortality among COVID-19 Patients.

In order to predict the high mortality due to COVID-19, simple, useful and remote instruments are required. To assess the validity of the baseline Barthel Index score as a predictor of in-hospital mortality among COVID-19 patients, a validation study of a clinical prediction tool in a cohort of patients with COVID-19 was conducted. The primary variable was mortality and the Barthel Index was the main explanatory variable. Demographic, clinical and laboratory variables were collected. Other mortality predictor scores were also assessed: Pneumonia Severity Index, CURB-65 and A-DROP. The Receiver Operating Characteristic Area under the Curve (ROC AUC), sensitivity and specificity were calculated for both the Barthel Index and the other predictor scores. An analysis of the association between the main variables was conducted, adjusting by means of three multivariate models. Three hundred and twelve patients were studied. Mortality was 16.4%. A mortality Odds Ratio (OR) of 5.95 was associated with patients with a Barthel Index ≤ 90. The model number 3 was developed to predict in-hospital mortality before COVID-19 infection occurs. It exhibits an OR of 3.44, a ROC AUC of 0.792, a sensitivity of 74.5% and a specificity of 73.9%. The Baseline Barthel Index proved useful in our population as a predictor of in-hospital mortality due to COVID-19.

Análisis de la influencia de la pandemia por el virus SARS-CoV-2 sobre la tasa de bacteriemia en catéteres venosos tunelizados en una unidad de hemodiálisis / Analysis of the influence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic on the bacteriemia rate in tunneled venous catheters in a hemodialysis unit

Antecedentes: La infección relacionada con catéter venoso central (CVC) está asociada a una elevada morbimortalidad y se ha relacionado con la bacteriemia asociada a CVC, disfunciones de catéter, la manipulación y las medidas higiénicas tomadas durante la misma.Objetivo: El objetivo del presente estudio fue comparar la tasa de bacteriemia entre los años 2019 y 2020, primer año de pandemia por el virus SARS-CoV-2, en una unidad de hemodiálisis de un hospital de la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid. Material y Método: Se ha llevado a cabo un estudio observacional retrospectivo transversal en el que se compararon datos relativos a la manipulación y al funcionamiento del catéter, y tasa de bacteriemias relacionadas con el catéter entre los años 2019 y 2020 a través de la base de datos de la unidad. Resultados: En 2019 se incluyeron 35 pacientes, que presentaron una tasa de bacteriemia de 1,42/1.000 días de catéter y 29 pacientes en 2020, con una tasa de bacteriemia de 1,82/1.000 días de catéter, no encontrándose diferencias significativas (p=0,54), no encontrando un riesgo de bacteriemia incrementado o disminuido durante el primer año de pandemia producida por el virus SARS-CoV-2.Conclusiones: Como principal conclusión de este estudio, podemos afirmar que no se ha evidenciado que la llegada de la pandemia producida por la enfermedad del coronavirus y las medidas adoptadas frente al virus SARS-CoV-2, tanto organizacionales como de prevención, sean un factor de riesgo o protección respecto a la tasa de bacteriemia, probablemente debido al bajo número de eventos encontrados.(AU)

Background: Central venous catheter (CVC) related infection is associated with high morbidity and mortality. It has also been linked to CVCassociated bacteremia, catheter dysfunctions, as well as handling and hygienic measures taken during that time. Objective: The aim of the present study is to compare the bacteremia rate between 2019 and 2020, the last one during which the SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic started. The study was accomplished in a hemodialysis unit at the Comunidad Autonoma de Madrid hospital. Material and Method: An observational retrospective cross-sectional study has been carried out in which data related to the management and functioning of the catheter were compared to the bacteremia rate linked to the catheter between 2019 and 2020 through the unit’s database.Results: In 2019, thirty-five patients were included, who had a bacteraemia rate of 1.42/1,000 catheter days, and twenty-nine patients in 2020, with a bacteraemia rate of 1.82/1,000 catheter days, finding no significant differences (p=0.54), as well as not finding an increased or decreased bacteremia risk during the first year of the pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus.Conclusions: As the main conclusion of this case of study, we are able to confirm that there is no evidence of the coronavirus pandemic and the measures adopted against the SARS-CoV-2 virus (both organizational and preventives), being a risk or protection factor in regard to the bacteraemia rate, most likely due to the low number of events found.(AU)

Experiencia en la generación de estrategias de monitorización y evaluación en la implantación de Guías de Práctica Clínica en España / Experience Generating Evaluation and Monitoring Strategies in the Implementation of Clinical Practice Guidelines in Spain / Experiência na geração de estratégias de monitoramento e avaliação na implementação de manuais de prática clínica na Espanha

Introducción. La monitorización de la utilización del conocimiento y la evaluación de resultados permiten conocer la aplicación de la evidencia, cambios en los conocimientos y actitudes, el impacto en resultados de salud y la integración y el mantenimiento de las prácticas adoptadas. Existen debilidades relacionadas con la falta de sistematización, limitaciones de los registros y calidad del proceso. El objetivo de este artículo es describir la experiencia en la generación de estrategias de monitorización y evaluación de resultados de implantación de Guías de Buenas Prácticas en España. División de temas tratados. En primer lugar, se revisan los procesos de medición de resultados en la implantación de Guías, en el marco del Programa Best Practice Spotlight Organizations®, cuya herramienta para liderar el cambio incluye la monitorización y evaluación como una de las seis fases del ciclo de acción. En segundo lugar, se analizan las estrategias de monitorización y evaluación propuestas en la literatura, destacando la Asociación Profesional de Enfermeras de Ontario. Finalmente, se analizan las estrategias de monitorización y evaluación generadas por dos instituciones españolas participantes en el programa, centradas en adecuación de registros, explotación y análisis de indicadores, desarrollo de herramientas, procedimientos de evaluación y mecanismos de difusión y retroalimentación. Conclusiones. La definición de estrategias de monitorización y evaluación planificada de forma temprana contribuye a la viabilidad de la evaluación de la implantación y su sostenibilidad. Es necesario adaptarlas al contexto, con estrategias transversales que alcancen a toda la institución, facilitadas por la institución. Palabras clave: Ciencia de la Implementación; Práctica Clínica Basada en la Evidencia; Evaluación de Resultado en la Atención de Salud; Mecanismos de Evaluación de la Atención de Salud; Indicadores de Calidad de la Atención de Salud

Introduction. Monitoring the usage of knowledge and evaluating results permits one to know the application of the evidence, knowledge, and attitude changes, the impact on health results, integration, and maintenance of the adopted practices. There exist weaknesses related to lack of systematization, limitation of the records, and quality of the process. This article's objective is to describe the experience generating monitoring strategies and evaluation of the results regarding the implementation of good practice guides in Spain. Topics for Reflection. In the first place, the measurement process of the results regarding the implementation of guides are reviewed, in the Best Practice Spotlight Organizations® program frame, whose tool to lead the change includes monitoring and evaluation as one of the sixth phases of the action cycle. In the second place, monitoring and evaluation strategies proposed in the literature are analyzed, highlighting the Professional Nurses Association of Ontario. Finally, the monitoring and evaluation strategies are analyzed by two Spanish institutions participating in the program, focused on the adequation of records, exploitation and indicator analysis, tools development, evaluation procedures, dissemination, and feedback mechanisms. Conclusions: The definition of monitoring and evaluation strategies planned in advance contributes to the viability of the evaluation regarding the implementation and its sustainability. Is necessary to adapt them to the context, with transversal strategies that reach the whole institution, facilitated by the institution. Keywords: Implementation Science; Evidence-Based Practice; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Health Care Evaluation Mechanisms; Quality Indicators, Health Care

Introdução. Monitorizar a utilização do conhecimento e avaliar os resultados permite-nos conhecer a aplicação das evidências, as mudanças nos conhecimentos e atitudes, o impacto nos resultados de saúde e a integração e manutenção das práticas adotadas. Existem fragilidades relacionadas à falta de sistematização, limitações de registros e qualidade do processo. O objetivo deste artigo é descrever a experiência na geração de estratégias de monitoramento e avaliação dos resultados da implementação de Manuais de Boas Práticas na Espanha. Divisão dos temas abordados. Em primeiro lugar, são revistos os processos de medição de resultados na implementação dos Manuais, no âmbito do Programa Best Practice Spotlight Organizations®, cuja ferramenta para liderar a mudança inclui a monitorização e avaliação como uma das seis fases do ciclo de ação. Em segundo lugar, são analisadas as estratégias de monitoramento e avaliação propostas na literatura, com destaque para a Associação Profissional de Enfermeiros de Ontário. Por fim, são analisadas as estratégias de monitoramento e avaliação geradas por duas instituições espanholas participantes do programa, focadas na adaptação de registros, exploração e análise de indicadores, desenvolvimento de ferramentas, procedimentos de avaliação e mecanismos de divulgação e feedback. Conclusões. A definição de estratégias de monitoramento e avaliação planeadas antecipadamente contribui para a viabilidade da avaliação da implementação e para a sua sustentabilidade. É necessário adaptá-los ao contexto, com estratégias transversais que alcancem toda a instituição, facilitadas pela instituição. Palavras-chave: Ciência da Implementação; Prática Clínica Baseada em Evidências; Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde; Mecanismos de Avaliação da Assistência à Saúde; Indicadores de Qualidade em Assistência à Saúde

Impact of coronavirus infection on anxiety and quality of life in individuals with a kidney transplant / Impacto de la infección por coronavirus en la ansiedad y en la calidad de vida de las personas con un trasplante renal

ABSTRACT Background: The consequences of SARSCoV- 2 infection on the mental health of kidney transplant recipients have not yet been investigated. Objectives: This study compares anxiety and quality of life in individuals with a kidney transplant who did or did not test positive for coronavirus. Design: Retrospective study of two prospective cohorts. Participants: Kidney transplant recipients under follow-up in a Spanish tertiary teaching hospital who tested positive for coronavirus (cases); and consecutive kidney recipients who had not suffered the infection (not-cases). Methods: Mortality and case fatality data were compared between the two cohorts for the two pandemic waves. For the second wave (July 1 to December 5, 2020), the data compared between cases (n=22) and not-cases (n=36) were state and trait anxiety (STAI), kidney transplant-related quality of life (KTQ), and mortality as the main outcome variables. Results: 601 transplanted persons of mean age 61.7 years (SD 12.8), 61.9% men. 12.1% (n=73) tested SARS-CoV-2-positive over the first two pandemic waves with a mortality of 2.9% and case fatality of 24.7%. Over the second wave, the mean quality of life score was 4.1 (SD 0.9) and the overall anxiety score was 49 (SD 24.3) for the two cohorts, which did not vary in terms of the impacts of these measures on the descriptive variables examined. Conclusions: Quality of life is invariably affected, and levels of anxiety are high regardless of whether or not they have had a SARS-CoV-2 infection. Over the period examined, mortality was low while coronavirus case fatality was high.

RESUMEN Introducción: Las personas con un trasplante renal forman una población vulnerable para la infección por SARS-CoV-2, lo que las puede llevar a sufrir consecuencias psicológicas que aún no han sido estudiadas. Objetivos: Comparar la incidencia de ansiedad y el nivel de calidad de vida, en personas con un trasplante renal, que se han contagiado de SARS-CoV-2 frente a los que no se han contagiado; así como describir la incidencia de contagios y la mortalidad en la población a estudio. Material y Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de cohortes prospectivas. Durante la segunda ola de la pandemia (del 1 de julio al 5 de diciembre de 2020) se compararon los datos de la cohorte de casos (n=22) y la cohorte de no casos (n=36) en cuanto a ansiedad estado y ansiedad rasgo (medidas con el STAI), la calidad de vida (medida mediante el KTQ) y la mortalidad, como variables de interés principales. Resultados: La población a estudio fue de 601 personas trasplantadas, con una edad media de 61.7 años (DE: 12.8), 61.9% (372) fueron hombres. Se infectaron de SARS-CoV-2 el 12.1% (73) y fallecieron 6.2% (37), siendo el 52.9% (18) por SARSCoV- 2. Esto supone una tasa de mortalidad del 2.9% y una tasa de letalidad del 24.7%. Durante la segunda ola se infectaron un 6.2% (37). La calidad de vida media fue de 4.1 (DE: 0.9). En los infectados la media fue 4.2 (DE: 0.8), y en los no infectados 4 (DE: 1). Mientras que la media de ansiedad fue de 49 (DE:24.3); siendo 54.6 (DE: 25.7) en los infectados y 45.4 (DE: 23.1) en no infectados. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Conclusiones: Las personas con un trasplante renal tienen afectada su calidad de vida y presentan altos niveles de ansiedad, independientemente de si han pasado o no la infección por SARS-CoV-2.La tasa de mortalidad durante el periodo analizado fue baja, mientras que la letalidad fue alta y ambas disminuyeron de la primera a la segunda ola de la infección.

Non-alcoholic beverage and fast-food consumption, among first- and fourth-year nursing students in Madrid

Sugar-sweetened beverages and fast-food consumption have been associated with non-communicable diseases. Objective. Was to analyze consumption of non-alcoholic beverage and fast-food consumption among first- and fourth-year nursing students. Materials and methods. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted among first-and fourth-year nursing students in Madrid, Spain. Anthropometric data (weight and height) and demographic data were collected, as were data on consumption of specific foods and beverages. Results. The survey was completed by 436 students. Mean (SD) age was 22.0 (6.8) years, 84.1 % of were women.26.2 % of the students were underweight; 6.3 % were overweight. Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and diet drinks was moderate. Slightly more than three-quarters of the students (75.5 %) purchased fast food in the previous month. Burger bars were the most frequently visited fast-food outlet (77.2 %). A direct relationship was observed between BMI and fast-food consumption (rho = 0.099; p = 0.042) and between BMI and consumption of diet cola or carbonated drinks (rho = 0.120; p = 0.013). Conclusion. We provide new epidemiological data from a specific university population that could be useful to promote more studies that help design appropriate strategies to increase a healthy lifestyle(AU)

Las bebidas azucaradas y el consumo de comida rápida se han asociado con enfermedades no transmisibles. Objetivo. Analizar el consumo de bebidas no alcohólicas y el consumo de comida rápida entre estudiantes universitarios de primer y cuarto curso de enfermería. Materiales y métodos. Cuestionario validado entre estudiantes de enfermería de primer y cuarto año en Madrid, España. Se recopilaron datos antropométricos (peso y altura) y demográficos, así como datos sobre consumo de alimentos y bebidas específicos. Resultados. La encuesta fue completada por 436 estudiantes. La edad media (DE) fue de 22,0 (6,8) años, el 84,1 % eran mujeres; el 26,2 % de los estudiantes tenían bajo peso y el 6,3% mostraban sobrepeso. El consumo de bebidas azucaradas y bebidas dietéticas fue moderado. Más de tres cuartas partes de estudiantes (75,5%) compraron comida rápida en el mes anterior. Las hamburgueserías fueron el restaurante de comida rápida más visitado (77,2%). Se observó una relación directa entre el IMC y el consumo de comida rápida (rho = 0,099; p = 0,042) y entre el IMC y el consumo de refrescos dietéticos o bebidas gaseosas (rho = 0,120; p = 0,013). Conclusión. Aportamos nuevos datos epidemiológicos de una población universitaria concreta, que podrían ser de utilidad para promover más estudios que ayuden a diseñar estrategias adecuadas para incrementar un estilo de vida saludable(AU)

Assessment of a New Lateral Cushioned Casting Orthosis: Effects on Peroneus Longus Muscle Electromyographic Activity During Running.

BACKGROUND: Classical medial wedge (CMW) orthoses have been prescribed to treat overpronation foot pathologies in runners. The effects of a novel supination orthosis (NSO) on the surface electromyography (EMG) activity of the peroneus longus (PL) muscle during a complete cycle of running have yet to be tested. PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS: The purpose of this study was to compare the EMG activity of the PL in participants wearing CMW orthoses and NSOs versus neutral running shoes (NRS) during a full cycle of running gait. It was hypothesized that the PL muscle activity would be lower for the NSO compared with CMW or NRS. STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study. METHODS: Included were 31 healthy recreational runners of both sexes (14 male and 17 female; mean age, 38.58 ± 4.02 years) with a neutral Foot Posture Index and standard rearfoot-strike pattern. Participants ran on a treadmill at 9 km/h while wearing NSO (3-, 6-, and 9-mm thicknesses), CMW (3-, 6-, and 9-mm thicknesses), and NRS, for a total of 7 different conditions randomly selected, while the EMG signal activity of the PL was recorded for 30 seconds. Each trial was recorded 3 times, and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to test reliability of the measurements was calculated. The Wilcoxon pair to pair nonparametric test with Bonferroni correction was performed to analyze differences among the conditions. RESULTS: The reliability of all assessments was almost perfect (ICC, >0.81). For both the CMW and NSO, regardless of thickness, the PL activity was statistically significantly lower compared with the NRS (P < .05 for all). For all CMW thicknesses, the PL activity was lower compared with the respective NSO thicknesses, with the 3-mm thickness having the largest difference (CMW3mm, 18.63 ± 4.64 vs NSO3mm, 20.78 ± 4.99 mV; P < .001). CONCLUSION: Both CMW and NSO produced reduced EMG activity of the PL muscle; therefore, they can be prescribed to treat overpronation pathologies without associated PL strain concerns. In addition, the NSO saved the enhancement material placed on the medial-rear side of CMW, making it easier to wear sports shoes. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Knowing the safety of CMW and NSO will aid in understanding treatments for overpronation pathologies.

Benefits of the application of heat and pressure on peripheral venous cannulation in adults: A randomized controlled trial.

AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of the application of topical heat, high pressure or a combination of both on antebrachial venous cannulation. DESIGN: A cross-over clinical trial blinded for haemolysis analysis. METHODS: This cross-over clinical trial with two periods was performed in the Clinical Trial Unit of Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (Madrid) during June-July of 2017 in 59 healthy adults who were randomly allocated to one of three interventions: (1) Using dry topical heat for 7 min produced by two hot seed bags (N = 21), (2) Applying controlled pressure from a sphygmomanometer inflated to 100 mmHg (N = 18) and (3) combining heat and pressure (N = 20) in one period out of two. All interventions were contrasted to standard clinical practice in the other period. The comparator involved a standard tourniquet around the upper arm to restrict venous blood flow. The primary outcome was effectiveness measured as vein cannulation at first attempt. Secondary outcomes were vein perception, pain, haemolysis in blood samples and adverse events. RESULTS: All the interventions were more effective than comparator. Vein perception was optimized in about all individuals. Moreover, pain relief was significantly higher when high pressure was applied. Haemolysis was not affected in any of the three interventions. In addition, no serious adverse events appeared. CONCLUSION: High pressure is determined to be the most effective in vein catheterization, pain relief, vein perception and quality of blood sample inalterability. Moreover, it is safe considering that only one adverse event appeared. IMPACT: Vein cannulation is a very common invasive technique, where repeated failures have been registered. Thus, we consider it relevant to develop interventions to achieve venous catheterization at first attempt to alleviate the pain and anxiety associated with this technique. We advocate using high pressure intervention for emergency, due to swiftest method and feasible in case of lacking resources, such as sphygmomanometers in the ambulance. Interventions can be extrapolated to healthy young adults, adults and patients who have healthy vein status perception. Pressure intervention could be an alternative to heat intervention when performing vein cannulation due to its lower risk of transient paresthesia for older people who often suffer from arterial hypertension.

Grupo de Investigación en Cuidados. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC) / Healthcare Research Group. Institute of Health Research San Carlos (IdISSC)

El Grupo de Investigación en Cuidados (GIC) del Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC) se creó en el año 2011, dando respuesta a la oportunidad que se dio por parte de las autoridades de investigación sanitaria de crear un grupo independiente de investigación para formar parte del instituto desde sus inicios, lo cual fue aprovechado de manera estratégica desde la Dirección de Enfermería del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (HCSC) de Madrid, creando dos grupos emergentes, uno de Investigación en Cuidados y otro de Investigación en Fisioterapia. El Grupo de Investigación en Cuidados está integrado por 41 personas del ámbito docente, gestor y asistencial del Hospital Clínico San Carlos y de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), mayoritariamente. Sus tres líneas de investigación tienen interés en el entorno asistencial de hospitalización, quirúrgico y ambulatorio, denominándose "Seguridad del paciente y profesional", cuyo objetivo es "identificar mejores prácticas, optimizar y/o mejorar el cuidado que permitan minimizar riesgos, tanto en el paciente como en el profesional"; línea de "Educación terapéutica", cuyo fin es "investigar cuáles son las mejores prácticas que aseguren adherencia a tratamientos y resultados en salud" y la línea de "Evaluación y desarrollo de producto sanitario", que tiene el propósito de "optimizar y/o mejorar el uso y diseño de productos sanitarios, encaminados a disminuir la morbilidad iatrogénica". Actualmente el GIC está plenamente integrado en el IdISSC como grupo independiente emergente, y está presente en los órganos de decisión del instituto, teniendo como objetivo inmediato convertirse en grupo consolidado

The Healthcare Research Group (HRG) of the Institute of Health Research San Carlos (IdISSC) was created in 2011, as an answer to the opportunity granted by health research authorities to create an independent research group as part of the institute from the start, which was taken strategically from the Nursing Management of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (HCSC) of Madrid, creating two emergent groups, one for Healthcare Research and another for Research on Physiotherapy. The Healthcare Research Group is formed mainly by 41 persons from the teaching, management and care settings of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos and the Universidad Complutense of Madrid (UCM). Their three lines of research are of interest for the healthcare hospitalization, surgery and outpatient settings; one is called "Patient and Professional Safety", and its objective is "to identify the best practices, to optimize and/or improve care in order to minimize risks, both for patients and professionals", there is a "Therapeutic Education" line, with the aim to "research about the best practices that will ensure treatment adherence and health outcomes", and the "Healthcare Product Evaluation and Development" line, with the aim to "optimize and/or improve the use and design of healthcare products, in order to reduce iatrogenic mortality". Currently the HRG is completely integrated in the IdISSC as an emergent independent group, with presence in the decision-making boards of the institute, and with the immediate objective of becoming a consolidated group

Effects of Novel Inverted Rocker Orthoses for First Metatarsophalangeal Joint on Gastrocnemius Muscle Electromyographic Activity during Running: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study.

BACKGROUND: The mobility of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (I MPTJ) has been related to the proper windlass mechanism and the triceps surae during the heel-off phase of running gait; the orthopedic treatment of the I MPTJ restriction has been made with typical Morton extension orthoses (TMEO). Nowadays it is unclear what effects TMEO or the novel inverted rocker orthoses (NIRO) have on the EMG activity of triceps surae during running. OBJECTIVE: To compare the TMEO effects versus NIRO on EMG triceps surae on medialis and lateralis gastrocnemius activity during running. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional pilot study. METHODS: 21 healthy, recreational runners were enrolled in the present research (mean age 31.41 ± 4.33) to run on a treadmill at 9 km/h using aleatory NIRO of 6 mm, NIRO of 8 mm, TMEO of 6 mm, TMEO of 8 mm, and sports shoes only (SO), while the muscular EMG of medial and lateral gastrocnemius activity during 30 s was recorded. Statistical intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to test reliability was calculated and the Wilcoxon test of all five different situations were tested. RESULTS: The reliability of values was almost perfect. Data showed that the gastrocnemius lateralis increased its EMG activity between SO vs. NIRO-8 mm (22.27 ± 2.51 vs. 25.96 ± 4.68 mV, p < 0.05) and SO vs. TMEO-6mm (22.27 ± 2.51 vs. 24.72 ± 5.08 mV, p < 0.05). Regarding gastrocnemius medialis, values showed an EMG notable increase in activity between SO vs. NIRO-6mm (22.93 ± 2.1 vs. 26.44 ± 3.63, p < 0.001), vs. NIRO-8mm (28.89 ± 3.6, p < 0.001), and vs. TMEO-6mm (25.12 ± 3.51, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Both TMEO and NIRO have shown an increased EMG of the lateralis and medialis gastrocnemius muscles activity during a full running cycle gait. Clinicians should take into account the present evidence when they want to treat I MTPJ restriction with orthoses, and consider the inherent triceps surae muscular cost relative to running economy.

Evaluación de estrategias de implantación del Proyecto Centros Comprometidos con la Excelencia en Cuidados en España / Evaluation of implementation strategies of the Best Practices Spotlight Organisations (BPSO) Project in Spain

OBJETIVO: Identificar elementos favorecedores y barreras de implantación en el Programa de Centros Comprometidos con la Excelencia en Cuidados® que instauran guías de práctica clínica de la Registered Nurse' Association of Ontario, con el fin de que experiencias futuras pudieran beneficiarse de las apreciaciones expuestas. MÉTODO: Estudio de investigación evaluativa del proceso de implantación de guías en instituciones que componen las dos primeras cohortes del programa en España, mediante análisis de contenido de memorias de implantación y proceso inductivo, lectura, interpretación, codificación y categorización según estructura DAFO: debilidades, amenazas, fortalezas y oportunidades. RESULTADOS: Se han analizado memorias e informes de 18 centros de 12 Comunidades Autónomas, entre los cuales implantan 22 guías distintas. Como debilidades, destacan por frecuencia e intensidad, problemas relacionados con sistemas de información y su explotación. Se exponen otros elementos relacionados con difusión de resultados, profesionales, cuidados y factores relativos a la institución. Sobresalen como amenazas, la inestabilidad de plantillas y cambios continuados en la alta dirección o políticas corporativas. Entre las fortalezas, se distinguen la dedicación exclusiva de personal al proyecto y su vinculación a objetivos institucionales. Y por último, se identifica como oportunidades, destacan la posibilidad de comparación estandarizada de resultados propios con ajenos, así como la difusión de resultados. CONCLUSIÓN: Se configura un patrón útil para el abordaje de implantación en otras realidades, donde el cambio en la cultura profesional, su formación, comunicación y liderazgo, así como alinear intereses de gestores y políticos, facilitan unas condiciones ideales para la práctica basada en la evidencia

OBJECTIVE: To identify favourable elements and barriers to implementation in the Program of Best Practice Spotlight Organization® that establish clinical practice guidelines of the Registered Nurse' Association of Ontario, so that future experiences could benefit from the assessments presented here. METHOD: Evaluation research study of the process of implementing guidelines in institutions that make up the first two cohorts of the programme in Spain, through analysis of contents of implantation reports and inductive process, reading, interpretation, coding and categorized according to SWOT structure: Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. RESULTS: Reports from 18 centres in 12 Autonomous Communities have been analyzed, including 22 different guidelines. As weaknesses, problems related to information systems and their exploitation stand out for frequency and intensity. Other elements related to dissemination of results, to professionals, care and factors related to the institution are presented. Standing out as threats are the instability of staff and continued changes in Senior Management or corporate policies. Among the strengths, the exclusive dedication of personnel to the project and its link to institutional objectives are distinguished. As opportunities, the possibility of standardized comparison of own results with others, as well as the dissemination of results are highlighted. CONCLUSION: A useful pattern is set up to approach implementation in other scenarios, where changes in professional culture, training, communication and leadership, as well as aligning interests of managers and politicians, facilitate ideal conditions for Evidence-Based Practice

Evaluation of implementation strategies of the Best Practices Spotlight Organisations (BPSO) Project in Spain. / Evaluación de estrategias de implantación del Proyecto Centros Comprometidos con la Excelencia en Cuidados en España.

OBJECTIVE: To identify favourable elements and barriers to implementation in the Program of Best Practice Spotlight Organization® that establish clinical practice guidelines of the Registered Nurse' Association of Ontario, so that future experiences could benefit from the assessments presented here. METHOD: Evaluation research study of the process of implementing guidelines in institutions that make up the first two cohorts of the programme in Spain, through analysis of contents of implantation reports and inductive process, reading, interpretation, coding and categorized according to SWOT structure: Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. RESULTS: Reports from 18 centres in 12 Autonomous Communities have been analyzed, including 22 different guidelines. As weaknesses, problems related to information systems and their exploitation stand out for frequency and intensity. Other elements related to dissemination of results, to professionals, care and factors related to the institution are presented. Standing out as threats are the instability of staff and continued changes in Senior Management or corporate policies. Among the strengths, the exclusive dedication of personnel to the project and its link to institutional objectives are distinguished. As opportunities, the possibility of standardized comparison of own results with others, as well as the dissemination of results are highlighted. CONCLUSION: A useful pattern is set up to approach implementation in other scenarios, where changes in professional culture, training, communication and leadership, as well as aligning interests of managers and politicians, facilitate ideal conditions for Evidence-Based Practice.

Definition and representation of a process to engineer a multi-user information management application for continuity of care.

This article describes the procedure of definition and design of a process for the continuity care unit to improve the attention to the patient and his/her ecosystem providing a novel alternative to the conventional methods. This work was done under the framework of the MiniQ project, funded by EIT Health to improve the management of poly-medicated patients.

[Epidemiology of suicide among adolescents and young adults in EcuadorEpidemiologia do suicídio em adolescentes e jovens no Equador]. / Epidemiología del suicidio en adolescentes y jóvenes en Ecuador.

OBJECTIVE: To collect information - and provide it to decision-makers in health programs in general and mental health programs in particular - on epidemiological patterns in suicide deaths among young adults and adolescents in Ecuador. METHODS: A cross-sectional ecological study was conducted using data obtained from records of deaths by suicide among young adults and adolescents in Ecuador from 2001 to 2014. For analysis, results were disaggregated by geographic region, sex, age, ethnic group and suicide method. Rates of death by suicide (per 100,000 population) and relative risks (RR) for suicide were estimated by sex and region. RESULTS: Between 2001 and 2014, 4,855 suicides were recorded among adolescents and young adults. The highest estimated risk was found among males aged 15 to 24 years and adolescents living in the Amazon region, followed by those living in the Andean region. Mestizos were the ethnic group with the greatest number of suicides, although 40% of young people who commit suicide in the Amazon region are indigenous. The most frequent method was by hanging, followed by pesticide poisoning. CONCLUSIONS: Suicide among adolescents and young adults is an important public health problem in Ecuador. Since various psychological, social, and cultural influences come into play, there is wide variation among regions, age groups, and ethnic groups. Restricting access to pesticides and other chemical products, implementing universal prevention programs and programs in education centers in the areas with the highest rates, and targeting vulnerable populations for specific interventions could help reduce the suicide rate among young people in Ecuador.

OBJETIVO: Coletar e prover informação aos responsáveis pela tomada de decisão nos programas de saúde, em geral, e de saúde mental, em particular, quanto às características epidemiológicas do suicídio em jovens e adolescentes equatorianos. MÉTODOS: Um estudo ecológico transversal foi realizado com dados dos registros de mortalidade por suicídio em adolescentes e jovens do Equador entre 2001 e 2014. A análise foi desagregada por região de origem, sexo, idade, grupo étnico e método usado para o suicídio. Foram estimados os índices de mortalidade por suicídio (por 100.000 habitantes) e o risco relativo (RR) de suicídio por sexo e região. RESULTADOS: No período entre 2001 e 2014, foram registrados 4.855 suicídios em adolescentes e jovens. Maior risco de suicídio foi estimado em indivíduos do sexo masculino com idade de 15 a 24 anos e adolescentes residentes na Amazônia e região de La Sierra. O grupo étnico com maior número de casos de suicídio foi o dos mestiços, embora 40% dos casos de suicídio em jovens na Amazônia ocorreram em indígenas. Os métodos mais usados foram enforcamento e, em segundo lugar, envenenamento por pesticidas. CONCLUSÕES: O suicídio de adolescentes e jovens é um importante problema de saúde pública no Equador. Como se trata de um fenômeno determinado por uma conjunção de fatores psicológicos, sociais e culturais, observa-se uma grande variação segundo região, faixa etária e grupo étnico. Restrição ao acesso a pesticidas e a outros produtos químicos, programas de prevenção universais e em centros educacionais em áreas com as taxas mais elevadas e intervenções específicas voltadas aos grupos vulneráveis podem contribuir para reduzir os casos de suicídio entre jovens no Equador.

Epidemiología del suicidio en adolescentes y jóvenes en Ecuador / Epidemiology of suicide among adolescents and young adults in Ecuador / Epidemiologia do suicídio em adolescentes e jovens no Equador

RESUMEN Objetivo Recabar y ofrecer información a quienes toman decisiones en los programas de salud en general, y de salud mental en particular, sobre las características epidemiológicas del suicidio de jóvenes y adolescentes ecuatorianos. Método Se realizó un estudio ecológico transversal con datos de los registros de mortalidad por suicidio de los jóvenes y adolescentes de Ecuador de 2001 a 2014. El análisis se desagregó por región natural, sexo, edad, grupo étnico y por el método usado para cometer el suicidio. Se estimaron tasas de mortalidad por suicidio (por 100 000 habitantes) y los riesgos relativos (RR) de suicidio por sexo y regiones. Resultados Entre 2001 y 2014 se registraron 4 855 suicidios en adolescentes y jóvenes. El riesgo más alto se estimó en los varones de 15 a 24 años y en los adolescentes residentes en la Amazonía, seguidos por los de la Sierra. La etnia con más casos de suicidio fueron los mestizos, aunque 40% de los jóvenes que se suicidan en la Amazonía son indígenas. El método más frecuente fue el ahorcamiento seguido por el envenenamiento con pesticidas. Conclusiones El suicidio de adolescentes y jóvenes es un problema de salud pública importante en Ecuador. Como en él influyen diversos factores psicológicos, sociales y culturales, se observan grandes variaciones según la región, los grupos de edad y las etnias. La restricción del acceso a pesticidas y a otros productos químicos, los programas de prevención universales y en centros educativos en las áreas con las tasas más altas, y las intervenciones específicas dirigidas a grupos vulnerables podrían ayudar a reducir los suicidios de jóvenes en Ecuador.

ABSTRACT Objective To collect information - and provide it to decision-makers in health programs in general and mental health programs in particular - on epidemiological patterns in suicide deaths among young adults and adolescents in Ecuador. Methods A cross-sectional ecological study was conducted using data obtained from records of deaths by suicide among young adults and adolescents in Ecuador from 2001 to 2014. For analysis, results were disaggregated by geographic region, sex, age, ethnic group and suicide method. Rates of death by suicide (per 100,000 population) and relative risks (RR) for suicide were estimated by sex and region. Results Between 2001 and 2014, 4,855 suicides were recorded among adolescents and young adults. The highest estimated risk was found among males aged 15 to 24 years and adolescents living in the Amazon region, followed by those living in the Andean region. Mestizos were the ethnic group with the greatest number of suicides, although 40% of young people who commit suicide in the Amazon region are indigenous. The most frequent method was by hanging, followed by pesticide poisoning. Conclusions Suicide among adolescents and young adults is an important public health problem in Ecuador. Since various psychological, social, and cultural influences come into play, there is wide variation among regions, age groups, and ethnic groups. Restricting access to pesticides and other chemical products, implementing universal prevention programs and programs in education centers in the areas with the highest rates, and targeting vulnerable populations for specific interventions could help reduce the suicide rate among young people in Ecuador.

RESUMO Objetivo Coletar e prover informação aos responsáveis pela tomada de decisão nos programas de saúde, em geral, e de saúde mental, em particular, quanto às características epidemiológicas do suicídio em jovens e adolescentes equatorianos. Métodos Um estudo ecológico transversal foi realizado com dados dos registros de mortalidade por suicídio em adolescentes e jovens do Equador entre 2001 e 2014. A análise foi desagregada por região de origem, sexo, idade, grupo étnico e método usado para o suicídio. Foram estimados os índices de mortalidade por suicídio (por 100.000 habitantes) e o risco relativo (RR) de suicídio por sexo e região. Resultados No período entre 2001 e 2014, foram registrados 4.855 suicídios em adolescentes e jovens. Maior risco de suicídio foi estimado em indivíduos do sexo masculino com idade de 15 a 24 anos e adolescentes residentes na Amazônia e região de La Sierra. O grupo étnico com maior número de casos de suicídio foi o dos mestiços, embora 40% dos casos de suicídio em jovens na Amazônia ocorreram em indígenas. Os métodos mais usados foram enforcamento e, em segundo lugar, envenenamento por pesticidas. Conclusões O suicídio de adolescentes e jovens é um importante problema de saúde pública no Equador. Como se trata de um fenômeno determinado por uma conjunção de fatores psicológicos, sociais e culturais, observa-se uma grande variação segundo região, faixa etária e grupo étnico. Restrição ao acesso a pesticidas e a outros produtos químicos, programas de prevenção universais e em centros educacionais em áreas com as taxas mais elevadas e intervenções específicas voltadas aos grupos vulneráveis podem contribuir para reduzir os casos de suicídio entre jovens no Equador.

Lessons learned in evaluating the Familias Fuertes program in three countries in Latin America / Lecciones aprendidas al evaluar el programa Familias Fuertes en tres países de América Latina

This report describes 1) the evaluation of the Familias Fuertes primary prevention program in three countries (Bolivia, Colombia, and Ecuador) and 2) the effect of program participation on parenting practices. Familias Fuertes was implemented in Bolivia (10 groups, 96 parents), Colombia (12 groups, 173 parents), and Ecuador (five groups, 42 parents) to prevent the initiation and reduce the prevalence of health-compromising behaviors among adolescents by strengthening family relationships and enhancing parenting skills. The program consists of seven group sessions (for 6-12 families) designed for parents/caregivers and their 10-14-year-old child. Parents/caregivers answered a survey before the first session and at the completion of the program. The survey measured two important mediating constructs: "positive parenting" and "parental hostility." The Pan American Health Organization provided training for facilitators. After the program, parents/caregivers from all three countries reported significantly higher mean scores for "positive parenting" and significantly lower mean scores for "parental hostility" than at the pre-test. "Positive parenting" practices paired with low "parental hostility" are fundamental to strengthening the relationship between parents/caregivers and the children and reducing adolescents' health-compromising behaviors. More research is needed to examine the long-term impact of the program on adolescent behaviors.

Este informe describe 1) la evaluación del programa de prevención primaria Familias Fuertes en tres países (Bolivia, Colombia y Ecuador) y 2) el efecto de la participación en el programa sobre las prácticas de crianza. El programa Familias Fuertes se llevó a cabo en Bolivia (10 grupos, 96 padres), Colombia (12 grupos, 173 padres) y Ecuador (5 grupos, 42 padres) para prevenir el inicio y reducir la prevalencia de comportamientos que constituyen un riesgo para la salud de los adolescentes, mediante el fortalecimiento de las relaciones familiares y la mejora de las habilidades de crianza. El programa consta de siete sesiones de grupo (para 6 a 12 familias) dirigidas a padres o cuidadores y sus hijos de 10 a 14 años de edad. Los padres o cuidadores respondieron a una encuesta antes de la primera sesión y al término del programa. La encuesta midió dos conceptos importantes: la "crianza positiva" y la "hostilidad parental". La Organización Panamericana de la Salud capacitó a los facilitadores. Después del programa, los padres o cuidadores de los tres países presentaron puntuaciones ­ medias significativamente mayores en "crianza positiva" y significativamente menores en "hostilidad parental" que en la encuesta previa. La prácticas de "crianza positiva" asociadas con una baja "hostilidad parental" son fundamentales para fortalecer la relación entre los padres o cuidadores y los niños, y reducen los comportamientos que constituyen un riesgo para la salud de los adolescentes. Es necesaria una investigación más amplia para analizar la repercusión a largo plazo del programa sobre los comportamientos de los adolescentes.