Scanning electron microscopy of rat erythrocytes during chronic alcoholic intoxication combined with protein and vitamin deficit.

Electron microscopy revealed morphological changes in erythrocytes from rats with chronic alcoholic intoxication kept on protein- and vitamin B-deficient rations. All animals had anisopoikilocytosis (up to 50%). Most pronounced changes in erythrocyte population attesting to accelerated erythrocyte aging (stomato- and microcytosis, discocyte swelling, and spontaneous hemolysis) were found in alcohol-fed rats kept on deficient ration.

[Scanning probe microscopy and medico-biological nanotechnology: history and prospects]. / Skaniruiushchaia zondovaia mikroskopiia i mediko-biologicheskaia nanotekhnologiia: istoriia i perspektivy.

Literature data on the use of scanning probe microscopy for biological samples studying are presented. As an illustration, some results of the authors' investigations of the shark olfactory receptor surface, human lipoprotein of low density and human erythrocyte are given. Perspectives of the medico-biological development of nanotechnologies are evaluated.

[Role of plasmalemma in the process of aging, elimination and reproduction of erythrocytes: plasmalemmal microvesicles as stimulators of erythropoiesis]. / Rol' plazmalemmy v protsessakh stareniia, eliminatsii i vosproizvodstva eritrotsitov: mikrovezikuly plazmalemmy kak stimuliatory eritropoeza.

This study summarizes the experimental findings suggesting that plasmalemmal microvesicles formed from red blood cell aging are stimulators of erythropoiesis. The supposed sequence of events consists of microvesicular absorption by the settled macrophages of the liver and spleen, a message of information from circulatory monocytes (and lymphocytes) to the central macrophage of erythropoietic islands and regulation of late erythropoiesis. This is an autoerythronic regulation because it corrects red blood cell reproduction in relation to the rate of cell aging and thus differs from the classical humoral type which regulates erythrocytic reproduction according to visceral oxygen supply.

[Stimulation of erythropoiesis in hemorrhage during pregnancy using microvesicles from erythrocyte plasmolemma]. / Stimuliatsiia éritropoéza pri krovopotere na fone beremennosti s pomoshch'iu mikrovezikul iz plazmolemmy éritrotsitov.

Autologous microvesicles of erythrocyte plasmalemma were obtained by means of ultrasound treatment of erythrocyte suspension. These microvesicles were intravenously (i.v.) injected to pregnant rabbits with artificial bleeding at the 21st day of gestation. Three i.v. injections of microvesicles with 1-3 day interval at the amount equal to 1% of the weight of the circulating erythrocyte plasmalemma increased almost to the control level the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobulin by the 8th day after the bleeding while these indices were much lower in untreated animals.

[The effect of eicosapentaenoic acid and the calcium antagonist isradipin on lipid metabolism and erythrocytes in experimental hypercholesterolemia in rabbits]. / Deistvie éikozapentaenovoi kisloty i antagonista kal'tsiia isradipina na lipidnyi obmen i éritrotsity pri éksperimental'noi giperkholesterinemii u krolikov.

The effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and a new dihydropyridine calcium antagonist isradipine on plasma cholesterol free fatty acids (FFA) and erythrocytes have been studied in 48 cholesterol-fed rabbits after 3-month experiment. EPA had no statistically significant reduction of total cholesterol, FFA but showed the accumulation of cholesterol in plasma and altered morphological and functional properties of erythrocytes. Isradipine revealed a dose-dependent reduction of hypercholesterolemia. levels of FFA in plasma and improved functions of erythrocytes. In this way EPA may be suitable for dietary treatment of atherosclerosis, while isradipine may be used for therapy of patients with an antisclerotic vascular system and hyperlipidemia.

[Use of normobaric oxygenation for preventive and therapeutic purposes]. / Primenenie normobaricheskoi oksigenatsii s profilakticheskoi i lechebnoi tsel'iu.

Courses of normobaric oxygenation were performed in 72 healthy males (residents of the city of Arkhangelsk) and in 91 patients suffering from chronic nonspecific pulmonary diseases with respiratory insufficiency of I-II degree. Normobaric oxygenation led to the optimization of the CVS activity of northerners and an increase in their working capacity. The corrective role of oxygenation was more noticeable in persons with signs of dysadaptation. A favorable therapeutic effect of normobaric oxygenation in patients with respiratory insufficiency was not restricted to direct oxygen influence, its after-effects were lasting. Biochemical investigations indicated the absence of a toxic oxygen effect in this regimen of oxygenation.

[Status of erythrocytes and erythropoiesis in alcoholics]. / Sostoianie krasnoi krovi i éritropoéza u bol'nykh alkogolizmom.

To identify changes in the status of red blood and erythropoiesis in alcoholism, the authors examined three groups of patients aged 18 to 60 years: (1) 146 patients with stage II alcoholism; (2) 97 patients with acute alcoholic hallucinosis; and (3) 76 patients with delirium tremens. The examination revealed a considerable tension of erythropoiesis and erythrodieresis, this being a compensatory response to prolonged and severe hypoxia. At the beginnings of the disease the amount of erythrocytes and total hemoglobin tended to increase, then with the development of psychoses it dramatically decreased resulting in anemia. With disease progression the mean volume of erythrocytes tended to increase consistently reaching the highest values in delirium. This may serve as one of the diagnostic markers of alcoholism to be used in combination with other laboratory tests and clinical findings. The identified decrease in the insulin depositing function of erythrocytes may also indicate that the pancreas has also been involved in the pathological process.

[Changes in the permeability of vesicules from isolated apical membranes of rabbit small intestine epitheliocytes to K+, Na+, H+ during Ca-activated lipolysis]. / Izmeneniia pronitsaemosti vezikul iz izolirovannykh apikal'nykh membran épiteliotsitov tonkoi kishki krolika dlia K+, Na+, H+ pri Ca-aktiviruemom lipolize.

pH-dependence of Ca2+-activated hydrolysis of self phospholipids was studied in vesicles from the apical epitheliocyte membranes of the rabbit small intestine. It was shown that lipolysis had pH optimum at 7.0 and involved phospholipases A2 and A1 (or lysophospholipases). Marked changes in vesicle permeability for cations are observed during 40-50% phospholipid hydrolysis.

[Changes in the indices of lipid peroxidation in liver mitochondria of white rats during simulation of in vitro anoxic damage]. / Izmeneniia nekotorykh pokazatelei perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov mitokhonrii pecheni belykh krys pri modelirovanii ikh anoksicheskogo povrezhdeniia in vitro.

Lipid peroxidation was studied in the course of the development of anoxic injury to the mitochondria in vitro. Hydrolysis of mitochondial phospholipids was accompanied by an increase in antioxidant activity (AOA) of the organelles. At the same time the ability to transoxidation in liposomes formed from lipids extracted from the injured mitochondria was discovered to be increased. It is assumed that AOA of the mitochondria rises at the expense of antioxidants not extractable with a mixture of chloroform and methanol.

[Use of a colorimetric method employing rhodamine 6G for determining the free fatty acid content in biological membranes]. / Primenenie kolorimetricheskogo metoda s ispol'zovaniem rodamina 6Zh dlia opredeleniia soderzhaniia svobodnykh zhirnykh kislot v biologicheskikh membranakh.

An improved modification of the Anderson-Chakrabarty method for demonstration of free fatty acids in the membranes of enterocytes, erythrocytes and mitochondrial fractions is described. The method includes the use of rhodamine 6G as a stain.

[Phospholipid hydrolysis and ferrous oxide-induced chemiluminescence in surviving rat liver mitochondria]. / Gidroliz fosfolipidov i indutsirovannaia zakisnym zhelezom khemiliuminestsentsiia mitokhondrii pecheni krys v khode perezhivaniia.

The content of free fatty acids in mitochondrial and light mitochondrial fractions of the liver increased during 4-hour survival from 11 to 28 and from 8 to 43 nanomoles per mg protein, respectively. In the course of survival, the magnitude of the latent period of the Fe2+-induced chemiluminescence increased 2,5-4-fold in both mitochondrial fractions. With 2-hour survival the time of the chemiluminescence development was more prolonged and its intensity was reduced in the two fractions. The data obtained may indicate the increased antioxidative activity of the organelles during survival of the organ in situ.

[Structural characteristics and oxidative phosphorylation of the isolated mitochondria from the rabbit small intestine epithelium under normal conditions and under the effect of choleragen]. / Izuchenie strukturnykh osobennostei i okislitel'nogo fosforilirovaniia izolirovannykh mitokhondrii epiteliia tonkoi kishki krolika v norme i pri vozdeistvii kholeragenom.

Mitochondrial fraction was isolated from the rabbit small intestine epithelium by differential centrifugation in isotonic sucrose medium. The fraction was insignificantly contaminated with fragments of other organellae and microvilli. Respiratory control coefficient of such mitochondria constituted 3-5, when malate-glutamate mixture was used as a substrate. Changes in the functional state of mitochondria were accompanied by stereotypical reconstruction of the "orthodox-condensed" configuration. Introduction of crude choleragen into the mitochondria incubation medium failed to induce any changes in the rate of oxygen consumption in states III and IV (after Chance).

[Role of phospholipase A2 in anoxic injury to the energy-dependent functions of the mitochondria]. / Rol' fosfolipazy A2 v anoksicheskom povrezhdenii énergozavisimykh funktsii mitokhondrii.

An increase in concentration of free fatty acids was observed simultaneously with a decrease in energy dependent functions of mitochondria (oxidative phosphorylation and Ca2+-accumulating ability) after their preincubation under anoxic conditions in vitro with Ca2+ ions (11-14 nmol/mg of mitochondrial protein). Impairment of mitochondria and accumulation of fatty acids were prevented by inhibitors of phospholipase A2 from mitochondria. The anoxic impairment of mitochondria appears to be caused by Ca2+-activated phospholipase A2.