The metabolomics and lipidomics window into thyroid cancer research.

CONTEXT: Thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine system malignancy with a fast rising incidence in the last decade for unknown reasons. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy, the gold standard in thyroid cancer (TC) screening has still its own challenges and in some cases needs a proceeding surgery. OBJECTIVE: This review highlights the role of the two most recent "omics" approaches, "metabolomics" and "lipidomics", in the field of TC research. METHODS: All the previous studies have been extracted from the literature and major concepts were detailed in the field of TC metabolomics and lipidomics. RESULTS: Metabolomics and lipidomics, have potential in finding biomarkers related to thyroid carcinoma. Among the previous studies, the most important introduced altered tissue metabolites and lipids included glucose and galactose, lactate, Scyllo- and Myo inositol, hypoxanthine, citrate, cholesterol and choline. CONCLUSION: Metabolomics methods have been widely used in the field of biomarker discovery in TC and attempts are still in progress to use these methods to find a reliable biomarker panel besides current diagnostic tools.

Gut Microbiota as a Target in the Pathogenesis of Metabolic Disorders: A New Approach to Novel Therapeutic Agents.

As the prevalence of metabolic disorders increases dramatically, the importance of identifying environmental factors affecting metabolism control becomes greater accordingly. Gut microbiota, a complex ecosystem inhabiting the human gastrointestinal tract, is one of these potential factors. Recently, the evidence has shown the associations between alteration in gut microbiota composition and obesity, diabetes, and osteoporosis. However, the causality of gut microbiota on metabolic health has yet to be explored in intervention studies and the underlying mechanisms need to be investigated more in depth. Gut microbiota plays critical roles in the control of immunity, food intake, lipid accumulation, production of short chain fatty acids, insulin signaling, and regulation of bone mass. The gut microbiota represents a novel potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of metabolic disorders. In this review, we provide insights into the role of the gut microbiota in metabolic disorders and its modulating interventions such as prebiotics, probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation.