Potential miRNA-gene interactions determining progression of various ATLL cancer subtypes after infection by HTLV-1 oncovirus.

BACKGROUND: Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL) is a rapidly progressing type of T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma that is developed after the infection by human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1). It could be categorized into four major subtypes, acute, lymphoma, chronic, and smoldering. These different subtypes have some shared clinical manifestations, and there are no trustworthy biomarkers for diagnosis of them. METHODS: We applied weighted-gene co-expression network analysis to find the potential gene and miRNA biomarkers for various ATLL subtypes. Afterward, we found reliable miRNA-gene interactions by identifying the experimentally validated-target genes of miRNAs. RESULTS: The outcomes disclosed the interactions of miR-29b-2-5p and miR-342-3p with LSAMP in ATLL_acute, miR-575 with UBN2, miR-342-3p with ZNF280B, and miR-342-5p with FOXRED2 in ATLL_chronic, miR-940 and miR-423-3p with C6orf141, miR-940 and miR-1225-3p with CDCP1, and miR-324-3p with COL14A1 in ATLL_smoldering. These miRNA-gene interactions determine the molecular factors involved in the pathogenesis of each ATLL subtype and the unique ones could be considered biomarkers. CONCLUSION: The above-mentioned miRNAs-genes interactions are suggested as diagnostic biomarkers for different ATLL subtypes.

MIL-88B(Fe)-reduced graphene oxide as an artificial enzyme for gold nanorod etching and its application to develop the prostate-specific antigen immunosensor.

An immunosensor based on gold nanorods (AuNRs) etchant activity of a metal-organic framework (MOF): MIL-88B(Fe)-reduced graphene oxide (rGMOF) was developed for the determination of prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Several techniques, including FTIR, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, XRD, and electron microscopy, were employed to characterize the MOFs containing iron-oxygen clusters on the surface of reduced graphene oxide. Enzyme mimetic activity of rGMOF before and after bioconjugation with antibodies was calculated as 8.4 and 2.5 U mg-1, respectively. The primary anti-PSA was conjugated to a magnetic bead and used as PSA-specific capturing. Then, the secondary anti-PSA was grafted to the rGMOF. In the presence of antigen, an immuno-sandwich was formed between the conjugations mentioned above. Afterward, AuNRs were etched by rGMOF, and the related spectrum was recorded in the wavelength range 350 to 900 nm. By progressing the etching procedure, the longitudinal LSPR peak of AuNRs was gradually blue-shifted with a linear correlation with the PSA concentration from 0.1 pg mL-1 to 100 ng mL-1. The detection limit was 0.09 pg mL-1. The proposed immunosensor was successfully employed to determine PSA levels in real samples. Since the obtained results showed an excellent correlation with those acquired by the chemiluminescence gold standard method, it has the potential for PSA determination in clinical assays.

Design and Optimization of A Magneto-Plasmonic Sandwich Biosensor for Integration within Microfluidic Devices.

We designed a magneto-plasmonic biosensor for the immunodetection of antigens in minute sample volume. Both spherical gold nanoparticles (AuNP) and magnetic beads (MB) were conjugated to goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody (Ab) capable of recognizing a model target, rabbit IgG (rIgG). The AuNP bioconjugate was used as the optical detection probe while the MB one was used as the capture probe. Addition of the target analyte followed by detection probe resulted in the formation of a sandwich immunocomplex which was separated from the unbound AuNP-Ab conjugate by application of an external magnetic field. The readout was executed either in a direct or in indirect way by measuring the UV-Visible spectrum of each fraction in a specially designed microcell. Dose-response curves were established from the optical signal of the immunocomplex and unbound AuNP-Ab conjugate fractions. Finally, the assay was transposed to a microfluidic cell specially designed to enable easy separation of the immunocomplex and AuNP-Ab conjugate fractions and subsequent analysis of the latter fraction and achieve the quantification of the analyte in the ng/mL concentration range.