RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The hepatitis B virus (HBV) molecular epidemiological data of Argentina are still scarce, since most of the previous analyses have been performed in the Metropolitan Region. OBJECTIVES: To deepen the current molecular and epidemiological information about the geographical distribution of HBV genotypes and subgenotypes, and to describe the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) variants circulating in Argentina. STUDY DESIGN: Eighty-eight Argentine partial HBsAg sequences from both the Northern and the Metropolitan Regions of the country were analyzed along with 67 Argentine HBV sequences existing in GenBank. RESULTS: Phylogenetic and amino acid sequence analysis grouped the 88 samples as genotypes A (14.8%), D (21.6%) and F (63.6%). In the Northern Region, 44 out of the 48 sequences analyzed (91.7%) grouped as genotype F. Differently, in the Metropolitan Region, the 40 samples grouped as genotype F (30.0%), genotype D (42.5%), and genotype A (27.5%). An elevated proportion (14.8%) of the genomes presented mutations in the major hydrophilic region (MHR). CONCLUSIONS: The different genotype distribution in both Argentine regions indicates that the epidemiological landscape of HBV infection appears to be the result of the diverse human migratory movements that have given shape to the present population. Our findings show that the prevalence of HBsAg variants is quite significant among the Argentine population.
Assuntos
Vírus da Hepatite B/classificação , Vírus da Hepatite B/genética , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Hepatite B/virologia , Polimorfismo Genético , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Argentina/epidemiologia , DNA Viral/química , DNA Viral/genética , Feminino , Genótipo , Geografia , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B/genética , Vírus da Hepatite B/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Epidemiologia Molecular , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Homologia de Sequência de AminoácidosRESUMO
UNLABELLED: A total of 220 individuals were included in this study, 112 HIV-seronegative healthy individuals and 108 HIV-1-infected patients involving: 18 AIDS patients with Toxoplasmic encephalitis (AIDS-TE), 49 AIDS patients without TE, and 41 asymptomatic patients, were genotyping for DR and DQ loci by molecular biology techniques. Fisher's Exact test was used for statistical analysis. HLA-DQB*0402 and DRB1*08 alleles were associated with a high risk to develop opportunistic infections with neurological involvement, mainly Toxoplasma encephalitis in relationship with subjects healthy (OR = 20.43; Pc = 7.0 x 10(-6) and OR = 11; Pc = 2.6 x 10(-4), respectively); in relationship with AIDS no TE (OR = 6.98; Pc = 0.028 and OR = 4.85; P = 0.012, Pc = 0.14) and with patients in asymptomatic stage (OR = 61.50, Pc = 8.4 x 10(-6) and OR = 19.38; Pc = 3.9 x 10(-4)), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that the presence of HLA-DQB*0402 and DRB1*08 alleles in HIV-1-positive patients could be considered risk factors for developing neurological opportunistic infections, mainly Toxoplasmic encephalitis.
Assuntos
Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/genética , Encefalite/genética , Antígenos HLA-DQ/genética , Antígenos HLA-DR/genética , Toxoplasmose Cerebral/genética , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/complicações , Argentina/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Encefalite/complicações , Frequência do Gene , Predisposição Genética para Doença , HIV-1 , Antígenos HLA-DQ/classificação , Cadeias beta de HLA-DQ , Antígenos HLA-DR/classificação , Humanos , Fenótipo , Toxoplasmose Cerebral/complicaçõesRESUMO
The pathogenesis of infections clearly involves immunoregulatory host factors and products of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) genes class II which present antigenic peptides to the T-cell receptor on CD4+ cells which in turn increase the production of specific antibodies and cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of the different alleles of HLA class II DQ and DR in HIV-1 infected patients of Caucasians with Guaraní and Toba genetic backgrounds in an effort to determine the prevalence of certain alleles which could signify a factor of susceptibility to or protection against HIV-1 infection. A total of 54 HIV-1 positive patients and 46 healthy control subjects participated in the HLA-DQB1 study while 54 HIV-1 (+) patients and 57 healthy controls were analyzed for HLA-DRB1. Both HLA-DQB1 and HLA-DRB1 genotyping were performed using PCR and sequence-specific reverse hybridization oligonucleotide probe and analyzed with the LiPA Key Typing System and LiPA software. HLA-DQB1*0203(P = 0.041) and DRB1*01(P = 0.05) exhibited a decreased frequency in HIV-1 (+) patients while HLA-DRB1*13 (P = 0.017) was observed more frequently. Several studies have reported different findings, depending on the populations analyzed. Our data show that there are HLA class II alleles associated with susceptibility or resistance to HIV-1 infection and that these differ among ethnic groups. We believe that our results differ from the other Caucasians populations due to the ethnic variability of Chaco inhabitants resulting from mixing between Caucasians and South American natives (Guaraníes and Tobas).
Assuntos
Alelos , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Infecções por HIV/genética , HIV-1 , Antígenos HLA-DQ/genética , Antígenos HLA-DR/genética , Argentina , Frequência do Gene , Infecções por HIV/imunologia , Humanos , Imunidade InataRESUMO
The pathogenesis of infections clearly involves immunoregulatory host factors and products of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) genes class II which present antigenic peptides to the T-cell receptor on CD4+ cells which in turn increase the production of specific antibodies and cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of the different alleles of HLA class II DQ and DR in HIV-1 infected patients of Caucasians with Guarani and Toba genetic backgrounds in an effort to determine the prevalence of certain alleles which could signify a factor of susceptibility to or protection against HIV-1 infection. A total of 54 HIV-1 positive patients and 46 healthy control subjects participated in the HLA-DQB1 study while 54 HIV-1 (+) patients and 57 healthy controls were analyzed for HLA-DRB1. Both HLA-DQB1 and HLA-DRB1 genotyping were performed using PCR and sequence-specific reverse hybridization oligonucleotide probe and analyzed with the LiPA Key Typing System and LiPA software. HLA-DQB1*0203(P = 0.041) and DRB1*01(P = 0.05) exhibited a decreased frequency in HIV-1 (+) patients while HLA-DRB1*13 (P = 0.017) was observed more frequently. Several studies have reported different findings, depending on the populations analyzed. Our data show that there are HLA class II alleles associated with susceptibility or resistance to HIV-1 infection and that these differ among ethnic groups. We believe that our results differ from the other Caucasians populations due to the ethnic variability of Chaco inhabitants resulting from mixing between Caucasians and South American natives (Guaranies and Tobas) (AU)#S#a
Assuntos
Humanos , Alelos , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Infecções por HIV , HIV-1 , Antígenos HLA-D , Argentina , Frequência do Gene , Infecções por HIV , Antígenos HLA-DQ , Antígenos HLA-DR , Imunidade InataRESUMO
The pathogenesis of infections clearly involves immunoregulatory host factors and products of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) genes class II which present antigenic peptides to the T-cell receptor on CD4+ cells which in turn increase the production of specific antibodies and cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of the different alleles of HLA class II DQ and DR in HIV-1 infected patients of Caucasians with Guarani and Toba genetic backgrounds in an effort to determine the prevalence of certain alleles which could signify a factor of susceptibility to or protection against HIV-1 infection. A total of 54 HIV-1 positive patients and 46 healthy control subjects participated in the HLA-DQB1 study while 54 HIV-1 (+) patients and 57 healthy controls were analyzed for HLA-DRB1. Both HLA-DQB1 and HLA-DRB1 genotyping were performed using PCR and sequence-specific reverse hybridization oligonucleotide probe and analyzed with the LiPA Key Typing System and LiPA software. HLA-DQB1*0203(P = 0.041) and DRB1*01(P = 0.05) exhibited a decreased frequency in HIV-1 (+) patients while HLA-DRB1*13 (P = 0.017) was observed more frequently. Several studies have reported different findings, depending on the populations analyzed. Our data show that there are HLA class II alleles associated with susceptibility or resistance to HIV-1 infection and that these differ among ethnic groups. We believe that our results differ from the other Caucasians populations due to the ethnic variability of Chaco inhabitants resulting from mixing between Caucasians and South American natives (Guaranies and Tobas) (AU)#S#a
Assuntos
Humanos , Antígenos HLA-D/genética , Alelos , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Infecções por HIV/genética , HIV-1 , Infecções por HIV/imunologia , Antígenos HLA-DQ/genética , Antígenos HLA-DR/genética , Frequência do Gene , Imunidade Inata , ArgentinaRESUMO
The pathogenesis of infections clearly involves immunoregulatory host factors and products of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) genes class II which present antigenic peptides to the T-cell receptor on CD4+ cells which in turn increase the production of specific antibodies and cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of the different alleles of HLA class II DQ and DR in HIV-1 infected patients of Caucasians with Guaraní and Toba genetic backgrounds in an effort to determine the prevalence of certain alleles which could signify a factor of susceptibility to or protection against HIV-1 infection. A total of 54 HIV-1 positive patients and 46 healthy control subjects participated in the HLA-DQB1 study while 54 HIV-1 (+) patients and 57 healthy controls were analyzed for HLA-DRB1. Both HLA-DQB1 and HLA-DRB1 genotyping were performed using PCR and sequence-specific reverse hybridization oligonucleotide probe and analyzed with the LiPA Key Typing System and LiPA software. HLA-DQB1*0203(P = 0.041) and DRB1*01(P = 0.05) exhibited a decreased frequency in HIV-1 (+) patients while HLA-DRB1*13 (P = 0.017) was observed more frequently. Several studies have reported different findings, depending on the populations analyzed. Our data show that there are HLA class II alleles associated with susceptibility or resistance to HIV-1 infection and that these differ among ethnic groups. We believe that our results differ from the other Caucasians populations due to the ethnic variability of Chaco inhabitants resulting from mixing between Caucasians and South American natives (Guaraníes and Tobas).
RESUMO
Es conocido que en la etiopatogenia del Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida (SIDA) no sólo interviene el efecto citopático del virus sobre la población CD4, sino que también se activan otros complejos mecanismos entre ellos los de tipo autoinmune. El objetivo del trabajo fue estudiar en 88 pacientes HIV (+) (49 asintomáticos y 39 sintomáticos) los anticuerpos anticitoplasma de los neutrófilos (ANCA), a fin de correlacionarlos con algunos de los cuadros clínicos más frecuentes. Se utilizó la técnica de inmunofluorescencia indirecta (IFI) sobre improntas de polimorfonucleares (PMN). Se observó que la presencia de ANCA fue más frecuente en el grupo de enfermos (53,8 por ciento) respecto de los portadores asintomáticos (4,1 por ciento). Dentro del grupo ANCA (+) se observó correlación con infección pulmonar (95,9 por ciento), siendo la tuberculosis (TBC), la causa más frecuente de ésta. Cuando se comparó la presencia de ANCA en el grupo TBC(+) HIV(+) con el grupo TBC(+) HIV(-), se observó que los ANCA positivos se asociaban al primer grupo en forma significativa. Se cree que la presencia de estos anticuerpos puede estar relacionada con mecanismos de tipo autoinmune determinados por la expresión inadecuada de ciertas proteínas blanco tales como la mieloperoxidasa o proteinasa 3. La presencia importante de ANCA en pacientes HIV sintomáticos con infección pulmonar por Mycobacterium tuberculosis y no asi en pacientes HIV(+) asintomáticos o en pacientes con TBC pulmonar sin infección con HIV, parecería indicar que ni el virus per se, ni la infección pulmonar serían los responsables directos de la producción de estos anticuerpos.
Assuntos
Humanos , Anticorpos Anticitoplasma de Neutrófilos/fisiologia , Infecções por HIV/sangue , Infecções por HIV/fisiopatologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/fisiopatologia , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS , Técnica Indireta de Fluorescência para AnticorpoRESUMO
Es conocido que en la etiopatogenia del Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida (SIDA) no sólo interviene el efecto citopático del virus sobre la población CD4, sino que también se activan otros complejos mecanismos entre ellos los de tipo autoinmune. El objetivo del trabajo fue estudiar en 88 pacientes HIV (+) (49 asintomáticos y 39 sintomáticos) los anticuerpos anticitoplasma de los neutrófilos (ANCA), a fin de correlacionarlos con algunos de los cuadros clínicos más frecuentes. Se utilizó la técnica de inmunofluorescencia indirecta (IFI) sobre improntas de polimorfonucleares (PMN). Se observó que la presencia de ANCA fue más frecuente en el grupo de enfermos (53,8 por ciento) respecto de los portadores asintomáticos (4,1 por ciento). Dentro del grupo ANCA (+) se observó correlación con infección pulmonar (95,9 por ciento), siendo la tuberculosis (TBC), la causa más frecuente de ésta. Cuando se comparó la presencia de ANCA en el grupo TBC(+) HIV(+) con el grupo TBC(+) HIV(-), se observó que los ANCA positivos se asociaban al primer grupo en forma significativa. Se cree que la presencia de estos anticuerpos puede estar relacionada con mecanismos de tipo autoinmune determinados por la expresión inadecuada de ciertas proteínas blanco tales como la mieloperoxidasa o proteinasa 3. La presencia importante de ANCA en pacientes HIV sintomáticos con infección pulmonar por Mycobacterium tuberculosis y no asi en pacientes HIV(+) asintomáticos o en pacientes con TBC pulmonar sin infección con HIV, parecería indicar que ni el virus per se, ni la infección pulmonar serían los responsables directos de la producción de estos anticuerpos. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Estudo Comparativo , Anticorpos Anticitoplasma de Neutrófilos/fisiologia , Infecções por HIV/fisiopatologia , Infecções por HIV/sangue , Técnica Indireta de Fluorescência para Anticorpo , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/fisiopatologia , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDSRESUMO
Estudio del estado inmunológico de enfermos de lepra lepromatosa en los que se detecta disminución de la imnunidad celular y del complemento, presencia de crioglobulinemia y aumento de IgM e IgA
Assuntos
Humanos , Hanseníase/imunologiaRESUMO
Estudio del estado inmunológico de enfermos de lepra lepromatosa en los que se detecta disminución de la imnunidad celular y del complemento, presencia de crioglobulinemia y aumento de IgM e IgA
