In vitro assessment of the severity of deoxyribonucleic acid damage in different types of cataracts directly in lens epithelial cells.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the severity of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage in lens epithelial cells (LECs) of senile cortical, nuclear, and posterior subcapsular cataracts. Methods: LECs were obtained from senile cortical, nuclear, and subcapsular types of cataracts after surgery. DNA damage in the cells was immediately assessed quantitatively using the CometScore™ software. Results: Comets were found in cataractous LECs. The formation of "comets" in the DNA of LECs can be visualized using single-cell gel electrophoresis and indicates DNA strand breaks because the damaged DNA migrates at a different rate than the nondamaged DNA. Maximal damage was observed in Grade 3 cortical, nuclear, and subcapsular forms of cataracts. Statistically significant DNA damage was seen between grades 1 and 3 of cortical type of cataract, grades 1 and 3 of nuclear type of cataract, and grades 2 and 3 and grades 1 and 3 of posterior subcapsular type of cataract. Conclusion: In patients with senile cataract, DNA of LECs was randomly damaged, and this type of damage was possibly caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Maximum DNA damage was found in patients with Grade 3 senile cortical, nuclear, and subcapsular type cataracts. The pathogenesis of senile cataracts is multifactorial and includes continuous molecular stress resulting from photooxidative stress, UV irradiation, and oxidative reactions.

Comparative Evaluation of Apical Sealing Efficacy of Guttaflow Bioseal, Super-Bond Rc Sealer and Adseal Root Canal Sealer.

Objectives: The objectives of this study is to evaluate apical sealing ability of GuttaFlow Bioseal, Super-Bond RC Sealer, and Adseal root canal sealer. Material and Methods: 36 extracted human single rooted permanent teeth, divided into three groups (n = 12) and obturated by lateral condensation technique. Obturation and root canal sealing was done by either Group I: using GuttaFlow Bioseal, Group II: using Super-Bond RC Sealer and Group III: using Adseal sealer, system. Microleakage was assessed by means of dye penetration method. Results: The dye penetration in Group II was more than in Groups I and III in both vertical and horizontal directions, suggesting that GuttaFlow Bioseal and Adseal sealer are effective in reducing the apical leakage compared to Super-Bond RC Sealer. Conclusion: Bioceramic GuttaFlow Bioseal root canal sealers seal are better root canal sealer but they cannot totally eliminate apical leakage.

Analysis of Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Teeth with Different Restorative Materials: An In vitro Study.

Objectives: The objective of the study is to compare the fracture resistance of endodontic treated tooth restored with GIC, amalgam, and composite cements. Materials and Methods: Forty teeth were divided into 4 groups of 10 teeth each. Group I teeth were restored with silver amalgam. Group II teeth were restored with GIC. Group III teeth were restored with composite and Group IV teeth were control in which no alteration was performed. Testing machine applied force on teeth to detect fracture resistance. Results: The mean fracture resistance was maximum in Group IV (1050.2 N) followed by Group III (956.2 N), Group I (836.4 N), and Group II (766.4 N). The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The mean difference of fracture resistance was significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Composite resin possesses highest fractures resistance as compared to GIC and silver amalgam.