Carpogenic germination of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum sclerotia in Brassica oleracea var gemmifera (VN: Brussels sprouts) in North Patagonia, Argentina.

In August 2018, symptoms of apical and basal rot resembling those caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum infection were observed in a commercial Brussels sprouts field in North Patagonia, Argentina. The incidence of apical and basal rot was 23.30% and 2.30%, respectively. Carpogenic germination of sclerotia was detected in shaded, highly humid soil areas. To our knowledge, this is the first report of carpogenic germination of sclerotia from S. sclerotiorum in North Patagonia.

[Comparison of surgical techniques for rotator cuff injury: cost-result]. / Comparación de técnicas quirúrgicas para la lesión del manguito de los rotadores: costo-resultado.

INTRODUCTION: Currently, to manage rotator cuff injury (RCI), there is a tendency to replace mini-open (MO) surgery with arthroscopy, but results and costs are controversial. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the cost-result of surgical techniques for RCI. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A partial economic evaluation of cost-result type was performed on 113 patients with RCI surgically operated by mini-open technique (n = 6), or arthroscopy (n = 91), or both (n = 16). Direct costs included: hospital stay, days of work disability, surgery, implants (anchors), medical assessments, laboratory and imaging. One-year shoulder functionality was evaluated with Constant-Murley scale (EscC-M). RESULTS: The MO technique was the most economical (X = $42,950.60 MXN) and the most expensive was the arthroscopy + MO with anchors (X = $89,594.80 MXN); with a non-significant difference in shoulder functionality (EscC-M = 56.33 ± 7.0 vs. 64.25 ± 9.0 points, respectively) (p 0.05; Kruskal-Wallis; post hoc Mann-Whitney). Difference of $46,644.1 MXN between techniques corresponded to 7.92 points. There was a mild relationship between the technique and the functionality of shoulder (rs = 0.26; p = 0.005; Spearman). CONCLUSION: The mini-open technique showed best cost-result, with similar functionality in shoulder to that obtained with the more expensive technique.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Actualmente, para manejar la ruptura del manguito de los rotadores (LMR), se prefiere la artroscopía sobre técnicas abiertas (mini-open [MO]), con resultados y costos controversiales. OBJETIVO: Analizar el costo-resultado de las técnicas quirúrgicas para la LMR. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó una evaluación económica parcial de tipo costo-resultado a 113 pacientes con LMR intervenidos mediante técnica mini-open (n = 6) o artroscopía (n = 91) o ambas (n = 16). Los costos directos incluyeron: estancia, días de incapacidad laboral, cirugía, implantes (anclas), valoraciones médicas, laboratorio e imagen. Se evaluó la funcionalidad del hombro a un año mediante la escala de Constant-Murley (EscC-M). RESULTADOS: La técnica MO fue la más económica (X = $42,950.60 MXN) y la más costosa fue la artroscopía + MO con anclas (X = $89,594.80 MXN); con una diferencia no significativa en la funcionalidad del hombro (EscC-M = 56.33 ± 7 vs 64.25 ± 9 puntos, respectivamente) (p 0.05; Kruskal-Wallis; post hoc Mann-Whitney). Una diferencia de $46,644.10 MXN entre técnicas correspondió a 7.92 puntos. Hubo relación leve entre la técnica y la funcionalidad del hombro (rs = 0.26; p = 0.005; Spearman). CONCLUSIÓN: La técnica mini-open mostró mejor costo-resultado, con una ganancia en la funcionalidad de hombro similar a la que se obtiene con la técnica más costosa.

Early auditory middle latency evoked potentials correlates with recovery from aphasia after stroke.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between the latency of Pa and Nb peaks of the middle latency auditory responses and the score on the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination, during a 6-month follow-up after stroke in the territory of the left mid cerebral artery. METHODS: The middle latency auditory potentials of 10 aphasic stroke patients were recorded within the first 3 days post-onset, at the time of hospital discharge and 2, 4 and 6 months afterwards, along with that of 30 control subjects; in patients, the evolution of aphasia was evaluated using the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination score. RESULTS: During follow-up decreasing potential latencies and increasing language scores were observed (ANCOVA, R(2) 0.75, p<0.01); the Nb peak latency recorded during the first days after stroke was related to the language score difference after 6 months (Pearson, r=0.66, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with aphasia after stroke, the auditory electrical response recorded at hospital discharge, after stroke is related to their recovery from aphasia, evaluated by the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination. SIGNIFICANCE: Early middle latency auditory evoked responses may have a prognostic value in aphasic stroke patients.

[Norms for authors of Mexican medical journals in 1994 and 1995]. / Normas para los autores de revistas médicas mexicanas en 1994 y 1995.

OBJECTIVE: To find out how much information of the Vancouver Norms (VANNOR) are given to prospective authors in the Instructions for Authors (IFA) in a sample of Mexican medical journals (MMJ) published in 1994 and 1995. DESIGN: Prospective, cross sectional, descriptive, observational. MEASUREMENTS: The IFA in the last issue of the MMJ that were published in 1994 and 1995, were reviewed and 121 characteristics in the VANNOR were scored in nine categories (characteristics, presentation, title page, summary and key words, text order and contents, references, tables, illustrations and other instructions). A one point score was given to any characteristic present in order to obtain a score for each category and a total score for each journal. The total scores in the VANNOR affiliated journals (N = 33) versus the non-affiliated ones (N = 27) were evaluated by the Mann-Whitney and exact Fisher test with alpha = 0.05 (two-tailed). RESULTS: A statistically significant higher score was found in the IFA of VANNOR journals in 22 of the 121 characteristics, in six of the nine categories, as well as in the total score. CONCLUSION: VANNOR affiliated journals offer a significantly higher amount of information regarding the IFA than those not affiliated.