Excess Calcium, Magnesium and Phosphorus Deposition in the Epigastric Artery of Dialysis Patients Undergoing Renal Transplantation

ABSTRACT Objective: Vascular calcification contributes to cardiovascular disease on dialysis patients. Arterial mineral content is modified but not well defined. We aim to define what is the concentration of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus in the epigastric artery of adult dialysis patients undergoing renal transplantation. Methods: All renal allograft recipients who underwent surgery at our centre between May 2003 and December 2005 and consented to be taken small samples of epigastric artery were included in our cross-sectional study. Histological, radiological and spectrometric methods were used to measure vascular calcification, deposits and concentrations of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium in epigastric artery, which were correlated with clinical and biochemical characteristics. Mineral vascular content was compared with corresponding samples from cadaveric renal donors free from renal disease (control group). Results: Calcium and magnesium concentrations in epigastric artery were much higher in recipients (n = 100) than in donors (n = 30). Histologically confirmed calcifications were more frequent in recipients. Calcium and magnesium content in epigastric artery were correlated directly with recipient age, pre-transplant serum P and Ca × P product. A high content of calcium and magnesium in this artery was observed in recipients with media and intimal calcification. Multivariate logistic regression showed that dialysis vintage > 3.5 years and calcium concentration in epigastric artery ≥ 4500 mg/kg wet weight were independent predictors of histological calcification. Conclusion: Excess mineral deposition is observed in the epigastric artery of dialysis patients, where the recipient's age, serum P, Ca × P product and time on dialysis play a decisive role.

Abdominoplastia multifuncional en ancla: nuestra experiencia y nueva sistemática de abordaje en el paciente sin adelgazamiento / Multifunctional anchor shaping abdominoplasty: Our experience and new managing of the pacient without weight loss

La dermolipectomía multifuncional en ancla es una técnica efectiva en el tratamiento del contorno corporal en pacientes que han sufrido grandes pérdidas de peso. En la actualidad, en el sistema público de salud español, no es infrecuente que el cirujano plástico deba abordar pacientes en los que no ha habido adelgazamiento alguno y que más allá del contorno corporal, requieren una reparación de la pared abdominal. Los procedimientos reconstructivos de la pared abdominal no están reñidos con una bordaje simultáneo del contorno corporal para una mejora funcional y de la calidad de vida del paciente. Exponemos nuestra experiencia con este conocido patrón de dermolipectomía en 32 casos, en los que mostramos el abordaje hecho en 3 pacientes con ausencia o fracaso en el adelgazamiento. El gran volumen intrabdominal, graso y visceral, de estos pacientes sin adelgazamiento, conlleva que puedan presentar complicaciones por alteración en la relación continente-contenido abdominal tras grandes dermolipectomías; las más frecuentes son dehiscencia de sutura, necrosis de los colgajos, alteraciones respiratorias o cierre a tensión que en último término puede desencadenar un síndrome compartimental intrabdominal. La adaptación y fisioterapia respiratoria preoperatoria del enfermo, el diseño de colgajos suprapúbicos que eviten el cierre a tensión en el punto de unión de las suturas, el no despegamiento de los colgajos y la estimación de la presión intrabdominal intraoperatoria, permiten ampliar la indicación de este patrón de dermolipectomía a pacientes en los que no ha habido adelgazamiento (AU)

Multifunctional anchor dermolipectomy has been aproved effective technique in the treatment of body contouring in patients who have suffered great loss of weight. Currently, in Spanish public health system, are not uncommon for the plastic surgeon patients who have not lost enough weight, and beyond any body contour procedure require repair of the abdominal wall. As other authors describe, reconstructive procedures of the abdominal wall can be practised with a simultaneous approach of body contour, resulting in a patients´ functional improvement and better quality of life. We present our experience with this dermolipectomy pattern in 32 cases and we show our managing of 3 patients with no weight loss. The large intrabdominal volume, visceral and fatty in these patients without weight loss, involves complications that may result in alterations of the container-contained relation ship after major abdominal surgery. The most common ones are suture dehiscence, flap necrosis, respiratory failure or stress closure that ultimately may result in an intra-abdominal compartimental syndrome. Respiratory fisiotherapy and preoperative chest physiotherapy, suprapubic flap design to prevent the closurestress or non-stripping of the flaps and the measure of the stimative intraoperative intra-abdominal pressure can extend indication of this abdominoplasty pattern inpatients in which there has been no thinning (AU)