Riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular e indicadores de adiposidad corporal y su relación con el riesgo psicosocial en trabajadores del sector económico de comercio / Indicadores de risco de doenças cardiovasculares e de adiposidade corporal e sua relação com o risco psicossocial em trabalhadores do setor econômico do comércio / Cardiovascular disease risk and body adiposity indicators and their relationship with psychosocial risk in workers of the commerce economic sector

Resumen Introducción Cada año a nivel mundial se presentan millones de muertes y lesiones no mortales por inadecuadas prácticas en salud laboral, muertes por cardiopatías isquémicas y accidente cerebrovascular son causadas por largas jornadas y altas cargas laborales. Objetivo Identificar el grado de correlación del riesgo psicosocial con el riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular e indicadores de adiposidad corporal: IMC (índice de masa corporal), PA (perímetro abdominal) y BFP (porcentaje de grasa corporal) en trabajadores del sector económico de comercio. Método Estudio de enfoque cuantitativo y alcance correlacional no causal, con una muestra de 118 sujetos (56.7% mujeres y 43.3% hombres). Se evaluó los indicadores de adiposidad mediante el protocolo internacional para la valoración antropométrica ISAK, el riesgo cardiovascular por medio de la escala de Framingham y para evaluar el riesgo psicosocial se aplicó la Batería de Instrumentos para la Evaluación de Factores de Riesgos Psicosociales validada para la población colombiana. Estos datos fueron procesados y analizados estadísticamente mediante SPSS versión 28. Resultados Se destaca una relación significativa (p < .05) entre las variables en diferentes grados, en el caso de la correlación entre enfermedad cardiovascular y el riesgo psicosocial su coeficiente de correlación es de (r = .62), para la correlación entre el IMC y el riesgo psicosocial un coeficiente de (r = .52), en el caso del BFP y el riesgo psicosocial en mujeres fue de (r = .45) y en hombres de (r = .67) y para el PA y el riesgo psicosocial, su coeficiente de correlación fue de (r = .42) y (r = .64) respectivamente. Conclusión Existe una correlación positiva y fuerte entre el riesgo psicosocial y el riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular, del mismo modo, entre el IMC y el riesgo psicosocial. En el caso del BFP y el riesgo psicosocial, el grado de correlación fue moderado en mujeres y fuerte en hombres al igual que en la correlación entre el PA y el riesgo psicosocial.

Resumo Introdução Todos os anos, em todo o mundo, ocorrem milhões de mortes e lesões não fatais devido a práticas inadequadas de saúde ocupacional, as mortes por doença cardíaca isquêmica e acidente vascular cerebral são causadas por longas jornadas de trabalho e altas cargas de trabalho. Objetivo Identificar o grau de correlação do risco psicossocial com o risco de doenças cardiovasculares e com os indicadores de adiposidade corporal: IMC (índice de massa corporal), PA (circunferência abdominal) e PBC (percentagem de gordura corporal) em trabalhadores do sector econômico do comércio. Método Estudo quantitativo de âmbito correlacional não causal, com uma amostra de 118 indivíduos (56.7% mulheres e 43.3% homens). Os indicadores de adiposidade foram avaliados através do protocolo internacional de avaliação antropométrica ISAK, o risco cardiovascular foi avaliado através da escala de Framingham e o risco psicossocial foi avaliado através da Bateria de Instrumentos para a Avaliação de Factores de Risco Psicossocial validada para a população colombiana. Estes dados foram processados e analisados estatisticamente utilizando o SPSS versão 28. Resultados Existe uma relação significativa (p < .05) entre as variáveis em diferentes graus, no caso da correlação entre doença cardiovascular e risco psicossocial o seu coeficiente de correlação é (r = .62), para a correlação entre IMC e risco psicossocial um coeficiente de (r = .52), para a PAF e risco psicossocial nas mulheres um coeficiente de (r = .52). 62), para a correlação entre o IMC e o risco psicossocial um coeficiente de (r = .52), no caso da PA e do risco psicossocial nas mulheres foi (r = .45) e nos homens (r = .67) e para a PA e o risco psicossocial, o seu coeficiente de correlação foi (r = .42) e (r = .64) respetivamente. Conclusão Existe uma forte correlação positiva entre o risco psicossocial e o risco de doença cardiovascular, bem como entre o IMC e o risco psicossocial. No caso da PAF e do risco psicossocial, o grau de correlação foi moderado nas mulheres e forte nos homens, tal como a correlação entre a PA e o risco psicossocial.

Abstract Introduction Every year worldwide millions of deaths and non-fatal injuries occur due to inadequate occupational health practices, deaths from ischemic heart disease and stroke are caused by long working hours and high workloads. Objective To identify the degree of correlation of psychosocial risk with the risk of cardiovascular disease and body adiposity indicators: BMI (body mass index), AC (abdominal circumference) and BFP (body fat percentage) in workers of the commerce economic sector. Method A study with a quantitative approach and non-causal correlational scope, with a sample of 118 subjects (56.7% women and 43.3% men). Adiposity indicators were evaluated by means of the international protocol for anthropometric assessment ISAK, cardiovascular risk by means of the Framingham scale and to evaluate psychosocial risk, the Battery of Instruments for the Evaluation of Psychosocial Risk Factors validated for the Colombian population was applied. These data were processed and analyzed statistically using SPSS version 28. Results A significant relationship (p < .05) between the variables is highlighted in different degrees, in the case of the correlation between cardiovascular disease and psychosocial risk its correlation coefficient is (r =. 62), for the correlation between BMI and psychosocial risk a coefficient of (r = .52), in the case of BFP and psychosocial risk in women it was (r = .45) and in men (r = .67) and for AC and psychosocial risk, its correlation coefficient was (r = .42) and (r = .64) respectively. Conclusion There was a strong positive correlation between psychosocial risk and cardiovascular disease risk, as well as between BMI and psychosocial risk. In the case of BFP and psychosocial risk, the degree of correlation was moderate in women and strong in men, as was the correlation between AC and psychosocial risk.

Comparative demography of two common scleractinian corals: Orbicella annularis and Porites astreoides.

BACKGROUND: Studies directed at understanding the demography and population dynamics of corals are relatively scarce. This limits our understanding of both the dynamics of coral populations and our capacity to develop management and conservation initiatives directed at conserving such ecosystems. METHODS: From 2012 to 2014, we collected data on the growth, survival, and recruitment rates of two common Caribbean coral species, the stress-tolerant Orbicella annularis and the weedy Porites astreoides. A set of size-based population matrix model was developed for two localities in Northeastern Puerto Rico and used to estimate population growth rates (λ) and determine the life cycle transition(s) that contribute the most to spatiotemporal differences in λs. The model was parameterized by following the fate of 100 colonies of each species at the two sites for two years. RESULTS: Our data indicate that spatial variability in vital rates of both species was higher than temporal variability. During the first year, populations of O. annularis exhibited λs below equilibrium at Carlos Rosario (0.817) and Palomino (0.694), followed by a considerable decline at both sites during the second year (0.700 and 0.667). Populations of P. astreoides showed higher λs than O. annularis during the first census period at Carlos Rosario (0.898) and Palomino (0.894) with a decline at one of the sites (0.681 and 0.893) during the second census period. Colony fate in both species exhibited a significant interaction with respect to location but not to time (G2 = 20.96; df = 3 for O. annularis and G2 = 9.55; df = 3 for P. astreoides). DISCUSSION: The similar variability of λs as well as the similar survival rates for both species during the two-year census period (2012-2014) show similar variability on demographic patterns in space and time. Our results suggest that location rather than time is important for the resiliency in coral colonies. Also, P. astreoides will show higher resistance to disturbance in the future than O. annularis.

Gasterópodos asociados al alga calcárea Halimeda opuntia (Udoteaceae) en Puerto Rico

Gastropods associated with the calcareous alga Halimeda opuntia (Udoteaceae) in Puerto Rico. Gastropod communities associated with the calcareous green alga Halimeda opuntia are described and compared for two Puerto Rico coral reefs: one in the northeast with front tradewinds (windward zone) and one in the southwest (leeward zone). We analyzed the content of 21 lots (2432 g) of H. opuntia from leeward zone and 15 lots (2448 g) from the windward zone. In total we recovered 526 gastropods (prosobranchs) classified in 54 taxa. Thirteen species of gastropods represented 79.6% of the community. Differences between species richness and mean density values were not significant (p>0.100). Forty species were identified from leeward and thirty one (31) species from windward. Gastropod mean density was 13.9 /100g of algae in leeward and 7.6/100g in windward. Significant differences were found for the Simpson Diversity Index (0.91 in the leeward and 0.82 in the windward community; t=3.44, α=0.005). We found no correlation between the weight of the algae and the frequency of the gastropods (R²=0.0893 in leeward, 0.0249 windward and 0.0923 for both). The relationship between species composition in lots of windward and leeward study sites was explored via polar ordination and no segregation was found. When compared, the gastropod communities found in H. opuntia collected in coral reefs in Puerto Rico were more similar within them than any other communities found in other genera of seaweed and in other environments. Our results agree with the hypothesis that H. opuntia offers the interstitial community a protected microhabitat from water movement impact. H. opuntia creates more homogenous conditions than those of the habitat where we found the algae. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (4): 1665-1675. Epub 2008 December 12.

Se describen y comparan las comunidades de gasterópodos asociados al alga verde calcárea H. opuntia. Se compararon estas comunidades en arrecifes coralinos de lugares geográfica y ambientalmente diferentes, uno en el noreste de Puerto Rico, frente a los vientos alisios (barlovento), el otro en el suroeste (sotavento). Se analizó el contenido de 15 lotes (2432 g) de H. opuntia recolectadas en la estación de sotavento y 21 lotes (2448 g) en la de barlovento. En los 36 lotes se recuperaron 526 gasterópodos (prosobranquios) que se clasificaron en 54 taxones. Trece especies de gasterópodos representaron el 79.6% de la muestra de la comunidad. No encontramos diferencias significativas en las densidades de gasterópodos ni en la riqueza de especies (p>0.100). La densidad promedio fue de 13.9/100 g alga en la estación de sotavento y 7.6/100 g en la de barlovento. Se identificaron 40 especies diferentes en las muestras de sotavento y 31 en las de barlovento. Solamente se encontraron diferencias significativas en los valores de diversidad (Simpson), de 0.91 para la comunidad de sotavento y de 0.82 en la de barlovento (t = 3.44, α = 0.05). No encontramos correlaciσn entre el peso de la muestra del alga y la frecuencia de gasterσpodos en ésta, R² = 0.0893 para sotavento, 0.0249 para barlovento y 0.0923 para datos combinados. Utilizando los métodos de ordenación polar se comprueba la similitud de las dos comunidades estudiadas. Estos resultados sostienen la hipótesis de que H. opuntia le ofrece a los organismos que viven en sus intersticios un microhábitat protegido del impacto del movimiento del agua, creando condiciones más homogéneas que las del hábitat donde encontramos creciendo el alga.

[Gastropods associated with the calcareous alga Halimeda opuntia (Udoteaceae) in Puerto Rico]. / Gasterópodos asociados al alga calcárea Halimeda opuntia (Udoteaceae) en Puerto Rico.

Gastropod communities associated with the calcareous green alga Halimeda opuntia are described and compared for two Puerto Rico coral reefs: one in the northeast with front tradewinds (windward zone) and one in the southwest (leeward zone). We analyzed the content of 21 lots (2432 g) of H. opuntia from leeward zone and 15 lots (2448 g) from the windward zone. In total we recovered 526 gastropods (prosobranchs) classified in 54 taxa. Thirteen species of gastropods represented 79.6% of the community. Differences between species richness and mean density values were not significant (p > 0.100). Forty species were identified from leeward and thirty one (31) species from windward. Gastropod mean density was 13.9/100 g of algae in leeward and 7.6/100 g in windward. Significant differences were found for the Simpson Diversity Index (0.91 in the leeward and 0.82 in the windward community; t = 3.44, alpha = 0.005). We found no correlation between the weight of the algae and the frequency of the gastropods (R2 = 0.0893 in leeward, 0.0249 windward and 0.0923 for both). The relationship between species composition in lots of windward and leeward study sites was explored via polar ordination and no segregation was found. When compared, the gastropod communities found in H. opuntia collected in coral reefs in Puerto Rico were more similar within them than any other communities found in other genera of seaweed and in other environments. Our results agree with the hypothesis that H. opuntia offers the interstitial community a protected microhabitat from water movement impact. H. opuntia creates more homogenous conditions than those of the habitat where we found the algae.

Fracturas del tercio proximal del fémur. Revisión de ciento ochenta y cinco casos / Fractures of the femur proximal third. Review of 185 cases

Se realiza un estudio de 185 casos de pacientes con fractura del tercio proximal del fémur, tratados en el servicio de ortopedia del Hospital Docente "Comandante Manuel Fajardo". Se observa al computar el índice de ocurrencia por sexo, que en el femenino es superior, y en su mayoría es en personas de edad avanzada. Estudiamos las fracturas por región anatómica, y se hace constar la frecuencia notable de las transcervicales e intertrocantéreas en relación con el resto. Se relacionan los diferentes tipos de fracturas y las distintas técnicas practicadas, así como los pacientes no intervenidos quirúrgicamente por causas familiares o médicas. Se enumeran posibles complicaciones durante los períodos pre y posoperatorios y las causas de defunción. Se señala lo difícil que resulta la localización periódica de estos enfermos para chequeos despues del año de operados, motivo por ei que sólo se señalan los casos no satisfactorios; asimismo se relacionan las causas que corresponden, tanto al enfermos como al cirujano(AU)