Effectiveness of Digital Health on the Quality of Life of Long-Term Breast Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review.

OBJECTIVES: To identify, critically appraise, and synthesize the available evidence on the effectiveness of digital health interventions to improve the quality of life or any of its four dimensions (physical, psychological, social, and spiritual) in women survivors of breast cancer who are in the extended or permanent survival stage. DATA SOURCES: Systematic review-Four databases were searched: PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. CONCLUSION: The clinical evidence shows a positive relationship or association between eHealth use and improved quality of life in breast cancer survivors at extended or permanent survival stage. However, the findings point to a deficit in the assessment of the social and spiritual domains that play a fundamental role in the quality of life of survivors. IMPLICATION FOR NURSING PRACTICE: The findings found reflect implications of great value for nursing practice because these professionals are the main users of digital health tools to provide them to patients. Using these digital tools contributes to improving evidence-based practice and providing greater efficiency and effectiveness in the care of long-term cancer survivors.

Modificación de la actividad física durante los tres primeros años de universidad / Changes in the physical activity of university students during the first three years of university

Introducción: la inactividad física constituye el cuarto factor de riesgo más importante de mortalidad en todo el mundo y los estudiantes universitarios presentan en un alto nivel este factor de riesgo. Objetivos: determinar la modificación de la actividad física de los estudiantes universitarios en Navarra durante los tres primeros años de universidad. Métodos: estudio observacional prospectivo de una cohorte de universitarios que participaron en el estudio en primer curso y dos años después, en tercer curso. Las cohortes fueron constituidas por 454 estudiantes que respondieron a un cuestionario de autocumplimentación voluntario y anónimo con variables sociodemográficas y relacionadas con la actividad física. Los datos se analizaron con el SPSS v21.0. Resultados: un 67,4% (n = 306) fueron mujeres y un 32,6% (n = 148) fueron hombres. El 61,6% de los estudiantes de primer curso realizaban más de 150 minutos a la semana de actividad física y se incrementó el porcentaje de estudiantes activos físicamente en un 2,7%. Entre quienes realizaban actividad física mínimo tres veces a la semana se observó un incremento del 6,1%, hasta alcanzar el 30,5% de estudiantes. Conclusiones: el periodo universitario no desempeña un papel significativo en la promoción de la actividad física, ya que se observan modificaciones mínimas en su práctica. A futuro, convendría plantearse los motivos que dificultan la actividad física y diseñar programas según las recomendaciones actuales

Introduction: physical inactivity is the fourth most important risk factor for mortality worldwide and university students present this risk factor at a high level. Objective: to determine the changes in the physical activity of university students in Navarra during the first three years of college. Methods: prospective observational study of a cohort of university students. They participated in the first year, and two years later in the third year. The cohorts were comprised of 454 students who answered a voluntary and anonymous self-completion questionnaire with sociodemographic and physical activity related variables. Data were analyzed with SPSS v21.0. Results: of the participants, 67.4% (n = 306) were women and 32.6% (n = 148) were men. In the first year, 61.6% of students performed more than 150 minutes of physical activity per week. This percentage increased by 2.7%. The frequency of physical activity at least three times a week increased 6.1%, reaching 30.5% of students. Conclusions: university does not play a significant role in the promotion of physical activity, finding minimal modifications. In the future, it would be convenient to consider the reasons that hinder physical activity and design programs according to current recommendations

Análisis de la percepción de la imagen corporal que tienen los estudiantes universitarios de Navarra / Analysis of body image perception of university students in Navarra

Introducción: Los modelos de belleza actuales representan una extremada delgadez en las mujeres y un cuerpo musculoso en los hombres. La propia percepción de imagen corporal va a condicionar la búsqueda del ideal de belleza, a través de diferentes conductas y comportamientos, que en último término pueden transformarse en trastornos de conducta alimentaria. Los jóvenes universitarios sometidos a los cambios propios de la juventud y de la transición universitaria, son un grupo de población especialmente vulnerable. Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio consistió en describir la percepción de la imagen corporal (PIC) de estudiantes universitarios en Navarra. Método: Se incluyeron 1.162 participantes de entre 17 y 35 años, que respondieron a un cuestionario de autocumplimentación anónimo y firmaron un consentimiento informado para someterse a mediciones antropométricas que permitieron calcular el índice de masa corporal. Para conocer la percepción de imagen corporal, los sujetos eligieron de entre 9 siluetas de hombres y mujeres, aquella con la que mejor se identificaban. Resultados: El 55,6% de los estudiantes tuvo una percepción de imagen corporal que no se correspondía con la realidad. Sobreestimando su índice de masa corporal el 9,7% de los hombres y el 58,1% de las mujeres. Discusión: Un alto porcentaje de universitarios tenían una percepción de imagen corporal que no se correspondía con la realidad, mostrando la preocupación de este grupo de población por su imagen corporal. Se identificaron más casos de alteración de la percepción de imagen corporal en mujeres, que en general sobreestimaban su índice de masa corporal. En los hombres, la tendencia era a subestimarlo. Coincidiendo con otras investigaciones, el sobrepeso/obesidad influye en la PIC. Los estudiantes más corpulentos, de ambos sexos, tendían a subestimar su índice de masa corporal (AU)

Introduction: Current models of beauty represent an extreme thinness in the women and a muscular body in the men. The body image perception will condition the search of ideal beauty through different behaviors and can be transform in eating disorders. The university students, with the changes typical of youth and university transition, are a vulnerable group. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the body image perception of university students in Navarra. Methods: The study included 1162 subjects of which 64.2% were female. Students asked for a self-managed questionnaire and they were weighted and heighted to calculate the body mass index (BMI). Their body image perception were obtained asking the students to select a picture, according to their perception which corresponded to their current body image from nine different silhouettes for men and women. Their BMI were calculated and compared with their perceived BMI. Results: 43.03% of students, overestimated their body image (10.65% in males and 59.69% in females) and 10.20% of students underestimated it. 46.75% of students had concordance between BMI and body image perception. Discussion: There were more cases the alterations in the body image perception in women. In general, women saw themselves as being fatter than really were while men saw themselves as being thinner than they really were. The results shown that the women were more worried about their weight and body image than the men (AU)

[Pharmacological approaches to control of body temperature]. / Medidas farmacológicas para el control de la temperatura corporal.

The main antipyretic drugs belong to two different therapeutic groups: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and antirheumatic; and analgesic and antipyretic. In some cases, both groups are included in the NSAID group (analgesics antipyretics and NSAID). Most of the chemical compounds included in this group have three actions, but the relative performance of each of them can be different, as well as the incidence of adverse effects. For this reason its clinical use will depend on effectiveness and relative toxicity. When there is fever, NSAID normalizes the action of the thermoregulatory center in the hypothalamus, decreasing production of prostaglandins by inhibiting enzymes cyclooxygenase. But not all are capable of controlling the temperature which increases in adaptative physiological situations, as in heat stroke, intense exercise or by increasing the temperature. The classification is based on chemical characteristics and can be grouped into nine classes: 1) Salicylates, 2) Para-aminophenol derivatives, 3) Derivatives of pyrazolone, 4) Acetic acid derivatives, 5) Derivatives propionic acid, 6) Anthranilic derivatives, 7) Oxicam derivatives, 8) COX-2 inhibitors, 9) Other NSAID. This article describes the indications, mechanism of action, clinical presentation, routes of administration, adverse reactions, contraindications, precautions and drug interactions of the most commonly used (Derivatives of Salicylic Acid, Paracetamol, Metamizole, Ibuprofen, Drantoleno).

Medidas farmacológicas para el control de la temperatura corporal / Pharmacological approaches to control of body temperature

Los principales fármacos con acción antipirética o antitérmica pertenecen a dos grupos terapéuticos: al de los antiinflamatorios y antirreumáticos no esteroideos y al de los analgésicos y antipiréticos. En algunos casos, ambos grupos se incluyen dentro de los AINE (analgésicos antitérmicos y antiinflamatorios no esteroideos). La mayoría de los compuestos químicos incluidos en ese grupo comparte las tres acciones que lo definen, aunque la eficacia relativa para cada una de ellas puede ser diferente, igual que la incidencia de efectos adversos. Por este motivo su utilización clínica dependerá tanto de su eficacia como de su toxicidad relativa. Cuando hay fiebre, los AINE normalizan la acción del centro termorregulador en el hipotálamo, disminuyendo la producción de prostaglandinas por inhibición de las enzimas ciclooxigenasas. Pero no todos son capaces de controlar la temperatura que aumenta en situaciones de adaptación fisiológica, como en el golpe de calor por ejercicio intenso o por aumento de la temperatura ambiente. La clasificación se establece en base a las características químicas de los mismos, pudiéndose agrupar en nueve clases: 1) Salicilatos. 2) Derivados del para-aminofenol. 3) Derivados de las pirazolonas. 4) Derivados del ácido acético. 5) Derivados del ácido propiónico. 6) Derivados antranílicos. 7) Derivados del oxicam. 8) Inhibidores de la COX2. 9) Otros AINE. En este artículo se detallan las indicaciones, mecanismo de acción, forma de presentación, vías de administración, reacciones adversas, contraindicaciones, precauciones e interacciones de los fármacos más utilizados (derivados del ácido salicílico, paracetamol, metamizol, ibuprofeno, drantoleno)(AU)

The main antipyretic drugs belong to two different therapeutic groups: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and antirheumatic; and analgesic and antipyretic. In some cases, both groups are included in the NSAID group (analgesics antipyretics and NSAID). Most of the chemical compounds included in this group have three actions, but the relative performance of each of them can be different, as well as the incidence of adverse effects. For this reason its clinical use will depend on effectiveness and relative toxicity. When there is fever, NSAID normalizes the action of the thermoregulatory center in the hypothalamus, decreasing production of prostaglandins by inhibiting enzymes cyclooxygenase. But not all are capable of controlling the temperature which increases in adaptative physiological situations, as in heat stroke, intense exercise or by increasing the temperature. The classification is based on chemical characteristics and can be grouped into nine classes: 1) Salicylates, 2) Para-aminophenol derivatives, 3) Derivatives of pyrazolone, 4) Acetic acid derivatives, 5) Derivatives propionic acid, 6) Anthranilic derivatives, 7) Oxicam derivatives, 8) COX- 2 inhibitors, 9) Other NSAID. This article describes the indications, mechanism of action, clinical presentation, routes of administration, adverse reactions, contraindications, precautions and drug interactions of the most commonly used (Derivatives of Salicylic Acid, Paracetamol, Metamizole, Ibuprofen, Drantoleno)(AU)