Within- and across-breed genomic predictions and genomic relationships for Western Pyrenees dairy sheep breeds Latxa, Manech, and Basco-Béarnaise.

Genotypes, phenotypes and pedigrees of 6 breeds of dairy sheep (including subdivisions of Latxa, Manech, and Basco-Béarnaise) from the Spain and France Western Pyrenees were used to estimate genetic relationships across breeds (together with genotypes from the Lacaune dairy sheep) and to verify by forward cross-validation single-breed or multiple-breed genetic evaluations. The number of rams genotyped fluctuated between 100 and 1,300 but generally represented the 10 last cohorts of progeny-tested rams within each breed. Genetic relationships were assessed by principal components analysis of the genomic relationship matrices and also by the conservation of linkage disequilibrium patterns at given physical distances in the genome. Genomic and pedigree-based evaluations used daughter yield performances of all rams, although some of them were not genotyped. A pseudo-single step method was used in this case for genomic predictions. Results showed a clear structure in blond and black breeds for Manech and Latxa, reflecting historical exchanges, and isolation of Basco-Béarnaise and Lacaune. Relatedness between any 2 breeds was, however, lower than expected. Single-breed genomic predictions had accuracies comparable with other breeds of dairy sheep or small breeds of dairy cattle. They were more accurate than pedigree predictions for 5 out of 6 breeds, with absolute increases in accuracy ranging from 0.05 to 0.30 points. They were significantly better, as assessed by bootstrapping of candidates, for 2 of the breeds. Predictions using multiple populations only marginally increased the accuracy for a couple of breeds. Pooling populations does not increase the accuracy of genomic evaluations in dairy sheep; however, single-breed genomic predictions are more accurate, even for small breeds, and make the consideration of genomic schemes in dairy sheep interesting.

Planificación alimenticia en personas mayores: aspectos nutricionales y económicos / Meal planning in the elderly: nutritional and economic aspects

La malnutrición en personas mayores es uno de los grandes síndromes, asociado a mayor prevalencia de enfermedades crónicas y aumento la morbilidad, estancia hospitalaria y mortalidad. Por otro lado, la malnutrición en el 4o mundo se asocia a otro factor de riesgo de gran importancia, la precaria situación económica. El objetivo del estudio fue elaborar un menú equilibrado para ancianos, ajustando su precio al gasto medio que esta población dedica a su alimentación. Teniendo en cuanta el Gasto del hogar 2010 del Instituto Nacional de Estadística, se estableció que el precio medio de cada menú debía ser inferior a 5,57 € al día. Se elaboraron dos menús tipos, ambos adaptados a esta población y a la dieta mediterránea. La valoración económica fue de 5,02 € y de 5,06 €, respectivamente. Debido a la prevalencia de malnutrición en esta población, es necesario poder planificar adecuadamente su alimentación, tanto a nivel nutricional como económico (AU)

Malnutrition in elderly people is one of the major syndromes associated to greater prevalence of chronic diseases and increased morbidity, hospital staying, and mortality. On the other hand, malnutrition in the fourth world is associated to another important risk factor, which is the poor economic status. The aim of this study was to elaborate a balanced menu for the elderly adjusting its price to the mean expense that this population dedicates to its feeding needs. Taking into account the Household expense for 2010 of the National Institute of Statistics, we established that the average price for each menu ought to be less than 5.57 € per day. Two type menus were elaborated, both adapted to this population and to the Mediterranean diet. The economic assessment was 5.02 € and 5.06 €, respectively. Given the prevalence of malnutrition in this population, it is essential being able to appropriately plan their feeding needs, at both the nutritional and economic levels (AU)

[Meal planning in the elderly: nutritional and economic aspects]. / Planificación alimenticia en personas mayores: aspectos nutricionales y económicos.

Malnutrition in elderly people is one of the major syndromes associated to greater prevalence of chronic diseases and increased morbidity, hospital staying, and mortality. On the other hand, malnutrition in the fourth world is associated to another important risk factor, which is the poor economic status. The aim of this study was to elaborate a balanced menu for the elderly adjusting its price to the mean expense that this population dedicates to its feeding needs. Taking into account the Household expense for 2010 of the National Institute of Statistics, we established that the average price for each menu ought to be less than 5.57 € per day. Two type menus were elaborated, both adapted to this population and to the Mediterranean diet. The economic assessment was 5.02 € and 5.06 €, respectively. Given the prevalence of malnutrition in this population, it is essential being able to appropriately plan their feeding needs, at both the nutritional and economic levels.

Outer membrane protein A (OmpA) binds to and activates human macrophages.

Outer membrane protein (Omp)A is highly represented and conserved in the Enterobacteriaceae family. Using a recombinant OmpA from Klebsiella pneumoniae (P40), we have analyzed the interaction between OmpA and macrophages. We report that Alexa488-labeled P40 binds (at 4 degrees C) to murine and human macrophages in a dose-dependent manner and is rapidly internalized (at 37 degrees C). No binding or internalization of the Alexa488-labeled glycophorin A control protein is observed under the same conditions. Furthermore, P40 up-regulates the production of IL-1beta, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, and TNF-alpha by human macrophages and of NO by the RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell line. P40 also synergizes with IFN-gamma and suboptimal concentrations of LPS to up-regulate the production of these mediators. In conclusion, P40 binds to and activates macrophages. These data suggest that recognition of OmpA by macrophages may be an initiating event in the antibacterial host response.

OmpA targets dendritic cells, induces their maturation and delivers antigen into the MHC class I presentation pathway.

We analyzed the interaction between a bacterial cell wall protein and dendritic cells (DCs). Outer membrane protein A from Klebsiella pneumoniae (kpOmpA) specifically bound to professional antigen presenting cells and was endocytosed by immature DCs via a receptor-dependent mechanism. kpOmpA signaled through Toll-like receptor 2, induced DCs to produce interleukin 12 and induced maturation of DCs. Whole antigen that was coupled to kpOmpA and injected into mice was taken up by DCs and delivered to the conventional cytosolic MHC class I presentation pathway. kpOmpA also primed antigen-specific CD8+ CTLs in the absence of CD4+ T cell help or adjuvant and elicited therapeutic immunity to antigen-expressing tumors. Thus, OmpA belongs to a class of proteins that are able to elicit CTL responses to exogenous antigen.