RESUMO
Herein, we report the discovery of a dual histone deacetylase inhibitor displaying a unique HDAC3/6 selectivity profile. An initial strategy to merge two epigenetic pharmacophores resulted in the discovery of potent HDAC6 inhibitors with selectivity over HDAC1. Screening in an HDAC panel revealed additional low nanomolar inhibition only against HDAC3. Low micromolar antiproliferative activities against two breast cancer and four hematological cancer cell lines was supported by pharmacodynamic studies on a preferred molecule, 24c, substantiating the HDAC inhibitory profile in cells. Apoptosis was identified as one of the main cell death pathways. Modelling studies of 24c against HDAC1,2,3 and 6 further provided insights on the orientation of specific residues relevant to compound potency, explaining the observed HDAC3/6 selectivity. A subset of the compounds also exhibited good antimalarial activities, particularly against the chloroquine-resistant strain K1 of P.falciparum. In vitro studies revealed a favourable DMPK profile warranting further investigation of the therapeutic potential of these compounds.
Assuntos
Antimaláricos/farmacologia , Descoberta de Drogas , Desacetilase 6 de Histona/antagonistas & inibidores , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/farmacologia , Histona Desacetilases/metabolismo , Plasmodium falciparum/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Antimaláricos/síntese química , Antimaláricos/química , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Desacetilase 6 de Histona/metabolismo , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/síntese química , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/química , Humanos , Camundongos , Microssomos Hepáticos/química , Microssomos Hepáticos/metabolismo , Estrutura Molecular , Testes de Sensibilidade Parasitária , Ratos , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Methyltransferase enzymes are promising epigenetic oncotargets. Recent efforts toward the development of inhibitors of two methyltransferases, EZH2 and G9a, as potential anticancer therapies are reviewed with a focus on the structure-activity relationships of compounds published from 2012. Benzamide-substituted 2-pyridones are still by far the most popular selective EZH2 inhibitor class but alternative classes are now being reported. There are now three EZH2 inhibitors in clinical development with the first responses in lymphoma patients with tazemetostat. Potent inhibitors of G9a are also published but no examples have yet reached the clinic. Dual blockage of EZH2-G9a is exemplified by one series of compounds. We conclude this review by presenting the three clinical stage compounds with the first clinical response data.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Descoberta de Drogas , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Metiltransferases/antagonistas & inibidores , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Piridonas/farmacologia , Animais , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/síntese química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Humanos , Metiltransferases/metabolismo , Estrutura Molecular , Neoplasias/enzimologia , Piridonas/síntese química , Piridonas/químicaRESUMO
Biginelli dihydropyrimidinone derivatives as structural analogs of monastrol, a known human kinesin Eg5 inhibitor, were synthesized. IC50 values of the synthesized compounds against the proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma and human epithelial carcinoma cell lines were determined through MTT assay. Molecular docking study gave a clear insight into the structural activity relationship of the compounds in comparison with monastrol.
