Surface roughness and bond strength between Y-TZP and self-adhesive resin cement after air particle abrasion protocols.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different air particle abrasion (APA) protocols-with variations in particle types, duration of application, and the distance between the device tip and the ceramic-on the surface roughness (SR) of zirconia-based ceramic (yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal [Y-TZP]) and the shear bond strength (SBS) between Y-TZP and resin cement. In total, 135 sintered Y-TZP blocks were polished and divided into 9 groups according to 3 factors: particle (alumina vs alumina coated with silica), duration (5 vs 10 seconds), and distance (contact vs 10 mm away). All 3 factors significantly influenced the SR values between the experimental groups and the control group. For SBS, only the particle type was a statistically significant factor. Results showed that air particle abrasion with silica-coated alumina resulted in higher SBS, even though the SR values associated with those groups were not the highest.

Influence of alveolar bone level on the pull-out bond strength of fiber-reinforced composite posts to root dentin.

This in vitro study evaluated the influence of alveolar bone level and type of cement on pull-out bond strength between different fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) posts and root dentin. Sixty bovine teeth were sectioned, and their root canals were prepared. The specimens were divided into 6 groups (n = 10) according to 2 factors: alveolar bone level and type of cement. Each root was embedded in acrylic resin to the depth of 7, 10, or 14 mm, simulating different alveolar bone levels. After the FRC posts were treated with 37% phosphoric acid and silane was applied, they were cemented with either a conventional resin cement or a self-adhesive resin cement and subjected to mechanical cycling. The results indicated that neither the alveolar bone level nor the type of cement played a significant role in the pull-out bond strength of the FRC posts to root dentin. Therefore, it is concluded that conventional and self-adhesive resin cements can be used to lute FRC posts to tooth roots, even in the presence of significant alveolar bone resorption.

Marginal and internal discrepancies of zirconia copings: effects of milling system and finish line design.

CONTEXT: Discrepancies at the abutment/crown interface can affect the longevity of zirconia restorations. AIM: The aim was to evaluate the marginal and internal discrepancies (MD and ID) of zirconia copings manufactured by two milling systems with different finish lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three aluminum-master-dies (h = 5.5 mm; Ψ =7.5 mm; 6΀), with different finish lines (large chamfer [LC]; tilted chamfer [TC]; rounded shoulder [RS]) were fabricated. Twenty impressions were made from each master die and poured. Sixty zirconia copings were manufactured and divided according to the factors "finish line" and "milling system" (n = 10): CAD LC = Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) + LC; CAD TC = CAD/CAM + TC; CAD RS = CAD/CAM + RS; MAD LC = manually aided design/manually aided manufacturing (MAD/MAM) + LC; MAD TC = MAD/MAM + TC; and MAD RS = MAD/MAM + RS. For MD analysis, each coping was fixed, and the distance between the external edges of the coping and the edge of the cervical preparation was measured (50 points). Using the same copings, the ID of each coping was evaluated, by the replica technique, at 12 points equally distributed among the regions (n = 10): Ray (R), axial (A), and occlusal (Occl). The measurements were performed by optical microscopy (Χ250). The data (µm) were subjected to parametric and non-parametric statistical analyses. RESULTS: For the MAD/MAM system, the "finish line" (P = 0.0001) affected significantly the MD median values (µm): LC = 251.80 a , RS = 68.40 a and TC = 8.10 b (Dunn's test). For the CAD/CAM system, the median MD values (µm) were not affected by the factor "finish line" (P = 0.4037): LC = 0.82 a , RS = 0.52 a , and TC = 0.89 a . For the ID, it was observed interaction between the finish line types and the region (P = 0.0001) and between region and milling system (P = 0.0031) (RM-ANOVA). CONCLUSIONS: The CAD/CAM system presented lower MD values, regardless the finish line. However, the MAD/MAM system showed ID values smaller than those of CAD/CAM.

Influência de Protocolos de Jateamento na Rugosidade da Superfície de uma Cerâmica de Zircônia Tetragonal Parcialmente Estabilizada por Ítria / Influence of Air Abrasion Protocols on the Surface Roughness of an Yttria Partially Stabilized Tetragonal Zirconia Ceramic

Objetivo: Avaliar a influência de diferentes protocolos de jateamento na rugosidade superficial de uma cerâmica policristalina de zircônia tetragonal estabilizada com ítria(Y-TZP), assim como a topografia superficial da cerâmica após o tratamento.Método: A partir de dois blocos cerâmicos (LAVA, 3M ESPE), obtiveramse 54 espécimes (7,5x4x7,5mm), sendo estes regularizados com lixas dÆágua em granulação fina e sinterizados em forno específico do sistema cerâmico. Em seguida, os corpos de prova foram incluídos em resina acrílica e as superfícies a serem tratadas foram lixadas em politriz com lixas dÆágua em granulação decrescente (600 a 1.200), associadas a pastas de polimento de 10µm, 3µm e sílica coloidal em disco de feltro, sendo distribuídas aleatoriamente em 9 grupos, de acordo com os fatores ôpartículaõ e ôpressãoõ(n=6): Gr1- controle; Gr2-Al2O3(50µm)/2,5bar; Gr3- Al2O3(110µm)/2,5 bar; Gr4-SiO2(30µm)/2,5bar; Gr5- SiO2(30µm)/2,5bar; Gr6- Al2O3(50µm)/3,5bar; Gr7- Al2O3(110µm)/3,5bar; Gr8- SiO2(30µm)/3,5bar; Gr9-SiO2(30µm)/3,5bar. Após os tratamentos, a rugosidade das superfícies foi analisada por meio de um perfilômetro óptico digital e a morfologia, por meio de Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV). Os dados (µm) obtidos foram submetidos à análise estatística por meio do teste de Dunnett (5%), ANOVA (2 fatores) e teste de Tukey (5%).Resultados: O tipo de partícula (p=0,0001) e a pressão (p=0,0001) utilizada no jateamento influenciaram os valores de rugosidade entre os grupos experimentais (ANOVA).

Os valores médios de rugosidade (µm) obtidos para os grupos experimentais (Gr2 a Gr9) foram, respectivamente: 0,37D; 0,56BC; 0,46BC; 0,48CD; 0,59BC; 0,82A; 0,53BCD; 0,67AB. A análise em MEV revelou que o Al2O3, independente do tamanho das partículas e da pressão utilizada, danificou a superfície dos espécimes, uma vez que foram observados danos superficiais na cerâmica, na forma de ranhuras e de lascamentos.Conclusão: O jateamento com Al2O3(110µm)/3,5bar foi o tratamento que promoveu a maior rugosidade nas superfícies cerâmicas, embora não signifique que este protocolo promova melhor união cerâmicacimento em relação aos demais tipos de jateamento

Objective: To evaluate the influence of different air abrasion protocols on the surface roughness of an yttria-stabilized polycrystalline tetragonal zirconia) (Y-TZP) ceramic, as well as the surface topography of the ceramic after the treatment. Method: Fifty-four specimens (7.5x4x7.5mm) obtained from two ceramic blocks (LAVA, 3M ESPE) were flattened with fine-grit sandpaper and subjected to sintering in the ceramic systemÆs specific firing oven. Next, the specimens were embedded in acrylic resin and the surfaces to be treated were polished in a polishing machine using sandpapers of decreasing abrasion (600- to 1,200-grit) followed by felt discs with 10µm and 3µm polishing pastes and colloidal silica. The specimens were then randomly assigned to 9 groups, according to factors ôparticleõ and ôpressureõ(n=6): Gr1- control; Gr2-Al2O3(50µm)/2.5 bar; Gr3- Al2O3(110µm)/2.5 bar; Gr4- SiO2(30µm)/2.5 bar; Gr5- SiO2(30µm)/2.5 bar; Gr6- Al2O3(50µm)/3.5 bar; Gr7-Al2O3(110µm)/3.5 bar; Gr8- SiO2(30µm)/3.5 bar; Gr9- SiO2(30µm)/3.5 bar. After treatments, surface roughness was analyzed by a digital optical profilometer and the morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data (µm) were subjected to statistical analysis by DunnettÆs test (5%), two-way ANOVA and TukeyÆs test (5%).Results: The type of particle (p=0.0001) and the pressure (p=0.0001) used in the air abrasion protocols influenced the surface roughness values among the experimental groups (ANOVA).

The mean surface roughness values (µm) obtained for the experimental groups (Gr2 to Gr9) were, respectively: 0.37D; 0.56BC; 0.46BC; 0.48CD; 0.59BC; 0.82A; 0.53BCD; 0.67AB. The SEM analysis revealed that Al2O3, regardless of the particle size and pressure used, caused damage to the surface of the specimens, as it produced superficial damages on the ceramic, in the form of grooves and cracks. Conclusion: Al2O3 (110 µm/3.5 bar) air abrasion promoted the highest surface roughness on the ceramics, but it does not mean that this protocol promotes better ceramic-cement union compared to the other air abrasion protocols

Influência de Diferentes Sistemas Adesivos na Resistência de União de Pinos de Fibra à Dentina Intrarradicular / Influence of Different Adhesive Systems on the Bond Strength of Fiber Post to Root Dentin

Objetivo: Avaliar a influência de três sistemas adesivos na resistência de união ao push-out de pinos de fibra cimentados adesivamente à dentina radicular. A hipótese foi de que a resistência de união varia em função do tipo de sistema adesivo. Método: Os canais de 30 dentes bovinos unirradiculares (16mm de comprimento) foram preparados com brocas específicas (FGM) até 12mm. 14 mm de cada raiz foi incluída em resina acrílica e divididas em 3 grupos (n=10), de acordo com o fator ôadesivoõ (3 níveis): Gr1-Scotchbond Multipurpose Plus (3M ESPE), Gr2- One Step (Bisco) and Gr3- Excite DSC (Ivoclar). Os sistemas adesivos foram aplicados com um microbrush, seguindo as recomendações do fabricante. Os pinos de fibra (White Post DC, FGM) foram cimentados com cimento resinoso dual (All-Cem, FGM). Após, os núcleos de resina composta (Llis, FGM) foram confeccionados e cada conjunto raiz/pino/núcleo foi submetido à ciclagem mecânica (Erios, Brazil) (106ciclos, 84N, 4 Hz, inclinação de 45º, 37ºC, sob refrigeração constante). Cada espécime foi seccionado em quatro fatias (1.8mm), as quais foram submetidas ao teste push-out em máquina de ensaio universal (ServoPulser û Shimadzu) (50Kgf, 1mm/min). Os dados (MPa) foram analisados utilizando ANOVA (1-way) e Tukey test (5%). Resultados: O fator ôadesivoõ (p= 0,0352) influenciou significantemente a força de união (ANOVA). O Gr1 (6,8±3,8 MPa)aapresentou valores de resistência de união superior ao Gr2 (3,1±1,5 MPa)be semelhantes ao Gr3 (4,4±3,3)a,b. Além disso, Gr3 e Gr2 foram semelhantes entre si (Tukey). A hipótese foi aceita. Conclusão: Baseado nos resultados concluiu-se que os sistemas adesivos com polimerização química e dual devem ser os selecionados para procedimentos de cimentação adesiva de pinos de fibra

Objective: To evaluate the influence of three adhesive systems on the bond strength of fiber post luted to root dentine. The hypothesis was that the bond strength is influenced by the adhesive system. Method: The canals of thirty single-root bovine roots (16mm in length) were prepared using the preparation drill (FGM) until 12mm. 14 mm of each root was embedded with acrylic resin and the specimens were allocated into three groups (n=10), considering the factor ôadhesiveõ (3 levels): Gr1- Scotchbond Multipurpose Plus (3M ESPE), Gr2- One Step (Bisco) and Gr3- Excite DSC (Ivoclar Vivadent). The adhesive systems were applied using a microbrush, according to the manufactureÆs recommendations. The fiber posts (White Post DC, FGM) were luted with dual resin cement (All-Cem,FGM). After, the cores with composite resin (Llis, FGM) were made and each set of root/post/core was submitted to the mechanical cycling (Erios, Brazil) (106cycles, 84N, 4 Hz, inclination of 45º, 37ºC, water). Each specimen was cut in 4 samples (1.8mm in thickness), which were submitted to the push-out test in a universal testing machine (ServoPulser û Shimadzu) (50Kgf, 1mm/min). The data (MPa) were analyzed using ANOVA (1-way) and Tukey test (5%). Results: The factor ôadhesiveõ (P=0.00352) influenced the bond strength significantly (ANOVA). Gr1 (6.8±3.8 MPa)apresented higher bond strength values than Gr2 (3.1±1.5 MPa)band similar to Gr3 (4.4±3.3)a,b. Moreover, Gr3 and Gr2 were similar between them (Tukey). The hypothesis was accepted. Conclusion: Based on the results it was concluded that chemical and dual polymerization adhesive system should be used for the adhesive luting fiber post procedures