A Baseline Analysis of Regulatory Review Timelines for ANVISA: 2013-2016.

BACKGROUND: The Brazilian health regulatory agency (Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária, ANVISA) has embarked on transformational initiatives to fulfill its mandate to provide timely access to safe, effective, and quality therapeutics. A new Brazilian law was enacted to provide the agency with greater flexibility. Optimizing Efficiencies in Regulatory Agencies (OpERA) is a regulatory-strengthening program that seeks to provide benchmarking data that can be used to define performance targets and focus performance improvement. The objective of this study was to use OpERA methodology to undertake a retrospective analysis of the timelines associated with important components of the ANVISA regulatory review process to establish a baseline against which the influence of the new law could be measured. METHODS: The OpERA tool was used to collect specific milestone data that identify time periods, review stages, and data points for products approved by ANVISA 2013-2016. RESULTS: For the 138 products approved in this cohort, the overall median approval time was 795 days. ANVISA and submitting companies will need to reduce their review and response times by approximately half in order to meet the total time goal of 365 days. CONCLUSIONS: The observations from this baseline study have identified opportunities for ANVISA and sponsor companies to collaborate to reduce regulatory assessment times while assuring the timely approval of safe and effective, quality medicines. These analyses will be repeated to determine how the provisions of the new Law will impact the activities of ANVISA and the extent of sponsors' contributions to this effort.

Quality of medicines: Deficiencies found by Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (ANVISA) on good manufacturing practices international inspections.

The circulation of poor quality medicines, especially in the developing countries, is a public health concern. Compliance with good manufacturing practices (GMP) is essential to ensure the quality, efficacy, and safety of medicines. This study evaluated the outcomes of the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency's (ANVISA) international inspections of two years (2015 and 2016) and compared these to those of other regulatory authorities. The information from 255 inspection reports was analyzed, and the type and extent of deficiencies were collected. In the period evaluated, 62.75% of ANVISA-inspected companies were classified as GMP "satisfactory," 24.71% were classified as having "on demand" status, and 12.55% of inspections concluded that the company did not comply with Brazilian GMP regulations ("unsatisfactory"). The most common areas of deficiency were documentation (28.63%) and premises (26.27%). The pattern of deficiencies was similar to the findings of other regulatory agencies. However, ANVISA detected a more significant number of non-compliance results than other authorities, which may be caused by differences in classifications adopted by each Agency. Furthermore, manufacturers inspected by ANVISA may follow different standards and practices for products manufactured for the Brazilian market. Disclosure of main GMP deficiencies found can be useful for encouraging the industry to comply with GMP, and additional guidelines in the specific areas where deficiencies are often identified may be useful to industry to improve GMP compliance. Harmonization of GMP guidelines and inspection procedures are the key steps to avoid duplicate work, but regulatory authorities also need to work together to enforce the proper level of GMP compliance by pharmaceutical manufacturers, assuring high quality and safe medicines supply.

Sharing regulatory data as tools for strengthening health systems in the Region of the Americas.

Regulatory transparency is an imperative characteristic of a reliable National Regulatory Authority. In the region of the Americas, the process of building an open government is still fragile and fragmented across various Health Regulatory Agencies (HRAs) and Regional Reference Authorities (RRAs). This study assessed the transparency status of RRAs, focusing on various medicine life-cycle documents (the Medicine Dossier, Clinical Trial Report, and Inspection Report) as tools for strengthening health systems. Based on a narrative (nonsystematic) review of RRA regulatory transparency, transparency status was classified as one of two types: public disclosure of information (intra-agency data) and data- and work-sharing (inter-agency data). The risks/benefits of public disclosure of medicine-related information were assessed, taking into account 1) the involvement and roles of multiple stakeholders (health care professionals, regulators, industry, community, and academics) and 2) the protection of commercial and personal confidential data. Inter-agency data- and work-sharing was evaluated in the context of harmonization and cooperation projects that focus on regulatory convergence. Technical and practical steps for establishing an openness directive for the pharmaceutical regulatory environment are proposed to improve and strengthen health systems in the Americas. Addressing these challenges requires leadership from entities such as the Pan American Health Organization to steer and support collaborative regional alliances that advance the development and establishment of a trustworthy regulatory environment and a sustainable public health system in the Americas, using international successful initiatives as reference and taking into account the domestic characteristics and experiences of each individual country.

Sharing regulatory data as tools for strengthening health systems in the Region of the Americas / El intercambio de datos sobre reglamentación para fortalecer los sistemas de salud en la Región de las Américas

Regulatory transparency is an imperative characteristic of a reliable National Regulatory Authority. In the region of the Americas, the process of building an open government is still fragile and fragmented across various Health Regulatory Agencies (HRAs) and Regional Reference Authorities (RRAs). This study assessed the transparency status of RRAs, focusing on various medicine life-cycle documents (the Medicine Dossier, Clinical Trial Report, and Inspection Report) as tools for strengthening health systems. Based on a narrative (nonsystematic) review of RRA regulatory transparency, transparency status was classified as one of two types: public disclosure of information (intra-agency data) and data- and work-sharing (inter-agency data). The risks/benefits of public disclosure of medicine-related information were assessed, taking into account 1) the involvement and roles of multiple stakeholders (health care professionals, regulators, industry, community, and academics) and 2) the protection of commercial and personal confidential data. Inter-agency data- and work-sharing was evaluated in the context of harmonization and cooperation projects that focus on regulatory convergence. Technical and practical steps for establishing an openness directive for the pharmaceutical regulatory environment are proposed to improve and strengthen health systems in the Americas. Addressing these challenges requires leadership from entities such as the Pan American Health Organization to steer and support collaborative regional alliances that advance the development and establishment of a trustworthy regulatory environment and a sustainable public health system in the Americas, using international successful initiatives as reference and taking into account the domestic characteristics and experiences of each individual country.

La transparencia normativa es una característica indispensable de las autoridades de registro sanitario fidedignas. En la Región de las Américas, el proceso de crear un gobierno transparente sigue siendo frágil y fragmentado en distintos organismos de reglamentación sanitaria (ORS) y organismos de referencia regionales (ORR). En el presente estudio se examinó la transparencia de los ORR mediante el escrutinio de diferentes documentos con datos relativos al ciclo vital de los medicamentos (el expediente farmacológico, el informe de los ensayos clínicos y el informe de las inspecciones) como instrumentos para fortalecer los sistemas de salud. Sobre la base de una revisión narrativa (es decir, no sistemática) de la transparencia reglamentaria en los ORR, la situación relativa a la transparencia se clasificó en dos tipos: la divulgación pública de información (datos intrainstitucionales) y el intercambio de datos y la colaboración (datos interinstitucionales). Se evaluaron los riesgos y beneficios de la divulgación pública de información sobre medicamentos teniendo en cuenta (1) la participación y las funciones de los distintos interesados directos (profesionales de la salud, el sector industrial, la comunidad y el sector académico) y (2) la protección de los datos comerciales y personales de carácter confidencial. El intercambio de datos y la colaboración entre agencias se evaluaron en el contexto de diversos proyectos de armonización y cooperación dirigidos a lograr la convergencia reglamentaria. Se propone la toma de medidas técnicas y prácticas para establecer una directiva en pro de la transparencia en el medio reglamentario farmacéutico a fin de mejorar y fortalecer los sistemas de salud en las Américas. Hacer frente a estas dificultades exige el liderazgo de entidades como la Organización Panamericana de la Salud en la dirección y el respaldo de alianzas de colaboración regionales que fomenten el desarrollo y establecimiento de un entorno reglamentario fidedigno y de un sistema de salud pública sostenible en las Américas, usando como punto de partida las iniciativas internacionales que hayan dado buenos resultados y teniendo en cuenta las características internas y las experiencias de cada país.

Regulatory transparency: social, technical, and ethical aspects of clinical trial data access.

In the field of health regulation, enabling public access to data from clinical trials is a process currently undergoing consolidation by the principal regulators worldwide. This paper discusses recent developments in public policy regarding regulatory transparency, and the risks and benefits of a regulatory impact-analysis on clinical trial reports, from the perspective of the key stakeholders (i.e., patients, prescribers, government, society, industry, and regulators). Additionally, the social, technical, and ethical aspects of the datasharing process are highlighted, including access limits, commercially-confidential data and patent rights, privacy of research subjects, arrangements and publicity tools, and clinical trials registration. Furthermore, perspectives on improvement and expansion of regulatory transparency policies are presented, contextualizing North American, Latin American, and European experiences, and highlighting in-teragency cooperation and collaboration initiatives that aim to harmonize health programs and regulatory convergence.

Regulatory transparency: social, technical, and ethical aspects of clinical trial data access / Transparencia reglamentaria: aspectos sociales, técnicos y éticos del acceso a los datos de los ensayos clínicos

In the field of health regulation, enabling public access to data from clinical trials is a process currently undergoing consolidation by the principal regulators worldwide. This paper discusses recent developments in public policy regarding regulatory transparency, and the risks and benefits of a regulatory impact-analysis on clinical trial reports, from the perspective of the key stakeholders (i.e., patients, prescribers, government, society, industry, and regulators). Additionally, the social, technical, and ethical aspects of the datasharing process are highlighted, including access limits, commercially-confidential data and patent rights, privacy of research subjects, arrangements and publicity tools, and clinical trials registration. Furthermore, perspectives on improvement and expansion of regulatory transparency policies are presented, contextualizing North American, Latin American, and European experiences, and highlighting in-teragency cooperation and collaboration initiatives that aim to harmonize health programs and regulatory convergence.

En el campo de la reglamentación sanitaria, la habilitación del acceso público a los datos de los ensayos clínicos constituye un proceso actualmente en fase de consolidación por parte de los principales reguladores a escala mundial. Este artículo trata sobre los recientes avances en las políticas públicas con respecto a la transparencia reglamentaria, y los riesgos y beneficios de un análisis reglamentario de la repercusión en los informes de los ensayos clínicos desde la perspectiva de los interesados directos clave (es decir, los pacientes, los prescriptores, el gobierno, la sociedad, la industria y los organismos reguladores). Por otra parte, se destacan los aspectos sociales, técnicos y éticos del proceso del uso compartido de datos, incluidos los límites de acceso, los datos comercialmente confidenciales y los derechos de patente, la privacidad de los sujetos sometidos a investigación, los acuerdos y las herramientas publicitarias, y el registro de los ensayos clínicos. Además, se muestran las perspectivas en materia de mejora y ampliación de las políticas de transparencia reglamentaria, contextualizando las experiencias norteamericanas, latinoamericanas y europeas, y destacando la cooperación interinstitucional y las iniciativas de colaboración dirigidas a la armonización de los programas de salud y a la convergencia reglamentaria.