Uroterapia y mindfulness en el tratamiento de niños con disfunción vesical e intestinal: protocolo para un ensayo clínico.

OBJETIVO: Presentar un protocolo para ensayo clínico controlado y aleatorizado que estudie los resultados de la asociación entre técnicas de uroterapia estándar y mindfulness en la adhesión al programa y reducción de síntomas de disfunción vesical e intestinal en escolares. MÉTODO: Presentación descriptiva del protocolo. RESULTADOS: El grupo de control deberá recibir orientaciones de medidas comportamentales gradualmente en visitas semanales, durante cuatro semanas. Tales medidas deberán contemplar: control de la ingesta de agua, intervalo de evacuación, ingestión de potenciales irritantes de la vejiga, y entrenamiento muscular del fondo pélvico. El grupo experimental deberá ser sometido al mismo protocolo, además de las técnicas de atención plena (mindfulness), previamente al inicio de cada consulta de uroterapia. CONCLUSIÓN: Se espera estimular la aplicación de este protocolo en diferentes escenarios y así evaluar la contribución de la práctica de atención plena en la adhesión al tratamiento y en la reducción de síntomas.

Tratamento endodôntico não cirúrgico em dente com sobreobturação de cone de prata / Endodontic treatment in non-surgical tooth with silver cone overfilling

A remoção de cones de prata durante o retratamento endodôntico pode ser muito difícil e algumas vezes uma tarefa impossível. Este artigo relata um caso clínico de retratamento endodôntico de um molar inferior com sobreobturação de cone de prata no canal mésio-vestibular. Após o acesso coronário, uma lima K foi utilizada para explorar a interface entre o cone de prata e as paredes dentinárias. Posteriormente, uma ponta ultrassônica foi usada para deslocar os cones e a pinça de Steiglitz para removê-los de dentro dos canais. O cone de prata sobreobturado no canal MV fraturou-se e não foi possível a sua remoção. Após o preparo químico-mecânico e três trocas de medicação intracanal à base de hidróxido de cálcio, com intervalos de 3 meses, foi observado que as lesões periapicais das raízes distal e mesial regrediram drasticamente. Após follow-up de 18 anos, constatou-se sucesso do retratamento.

The removal of silver cones in endodontic retreatment can be very difficult and sometimes an impossible task. This article reports a case of endodontic retreatment of a mandibular molar with silver cone overfilling in mesiobuccal canal. After the coronal access, a K- -file was used to explore the interface between the silver cone and the dentinal walls. Later, an ultrasonic tip was used to dislodge these cones and the Steiglitz forceps to remove them from within the canals. The silver cone overfilled in MV canal fractured and it was not possible to remove. After the chemico-mechanical preparation and three exchanges of intracanal dressing with calcium hydroxide paste, with intervals of three months, it was observed that the periapical lesions of the distal and mesial roots regressed dramatically. After follow-up of 18 years, there was success retreatment.

Α-Thalassemia: Genotypic Profile Associated with Ethnicity and Hematological Differentiation of Iron Deficiency Anemia in the Region of Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

α-Thalassemia (α-thal) is a hereditary hemoglobinopathy characterized by microcytic anemia due to impaired production of α chains of human globin. Brazilian studies show that the most common genotype is an -α(3.7) deletion with the loss of one or two α genes. As the production of α chains is not as accentuated in these cases, the correct diagnosis can only be achieved through molecular analysis that is not usually routinely performed by laboratories. We investigated the occurrence of α-thal babies born between September 2011 to January 2013 at the hospital of the Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Brazil, and blood donors of the Uberaba Regional Blood Center, Hemominas Foundation, Uberaba, Brazil, correlating it with ethnicity and differences between hematological parameters of donors, α-thal and iron deficiency patients. α-Thalassemia was investigated for the most common deleted alleles (-α(3.7), -α(4.2), - -(SEA), - -(FIL), - -(THAI), -(α)(20.5) and - -(MED)). The incidence in newborns was 13.16% with a predominance of heterozygosity for the -α(3.7) genotype (12.35%), followed by the -α(3.7)/-α(3.7) (0.46%) and αα/-α(4.2) genotypes (0.35%). In blood donors, the prevalence of α-thal was 14.89%, with all cases being heterozygous for the -α(3.7) deletion. There was an association of the α-thal genotype with African ancestors for both groups, thereby confirming published data and showing the strong influence of Blacks on the composition of the population of Brazil's southeastern region. Minor changes were found between hematological parameters of blood donors with iron deficiency and α-thal that did not contribute to the differential diagnosis between the two types of anemia.

Temporal changes of CB1 cannabinoid receptor in the basal ganglia as a possible structure-specific plasticity process in 6-OHDA lesioned rats.

The endocannabinoid system has been implicated in several neurobiological processes, including neurodegeneration, neuroprotection and neuronal plasticity. The CB1 cannabinoid receptors are abundantly expressed in the basal ganglia, the circuitry that is mostly affected in Parkinson's Disease (PD). Some studies show variation of CB1 expression in basal ganglia in different animal models of PD, however the results are quite controversial, due to the differences in the procedures employed to induce the parkinsonism and the periods analyzed after the lesion. The present study evaluated the CB1 expression in four basal ganglia structures, namely striatum, external globus pallidus (EGP), internal globus pallidus (IGP) and substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNpr) of rats 1, 5, 10, 20, and 60 days after unilateral intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine injections, that causes retrograde dopaminergic degeneration. We also investigated tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), parvalbumin, calbindin and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) expression to verify the status of dopaminergic and GABAergic systems. We observed a structure-specific modulation of CB1 expression at different periods after lesions. In general, there were no changes in the striatum, decreased CB1 in IGP and SNpr and increased CB1 in EGP, but this increase was not sustained over time. No changes in GAD and parvalbumin expression were observed in basal ganglia, whereas TH levels were decreased and the calbindin increased in striatum in short periods after lesion. We believe that the structure-specific variation of CB1 in basal ganglia in the 6-hydroxydopamine PD model could be related to a compensatory process involving the GABAergic transmission, which is impaired due to the lack of dopamine. Our data, therefore, suggest that the changes of CB1 and calbindin expression may represent a plasticity process in this PD model.