Identification of Iodotyrosines as Novel Substrates for the Thyroid Hormone Transporter MCT8.

Background: Monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) is the most specific thyroid hormone transporter identified to date, deficiency of which has been associated with severe intellectual and motor disability and abnormal serum thyroid function tests. However, it is presently unknown if MCT8, similar to other thyroid hormone transporters, also accepts additional substrates, and if disruption of their transport may contribute to the observed phenotype. Methods: In this study, we aimed to identify such substrates by applying liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolome analysis in lysates of control and MCT8-overexpressing Xenopus oocytes. A subset of identified candidate substrates were validated by direct transport studies in transiently transfected COS-1 cells and human fibroblasts, which endogenously express MCT8. Moreover, transport characteristics were determined, including transport saturation and cis-inhibition potency of thyroid hormone transport. Results: Metabolome analysis identified 21 m/z ratios, corresponding to 87 candidate metabolites, with a 2.0-times differential abundance in MCT8-injected oocytes compared with controls. These metabolites included 3,5-diiodotyrosine (DIT) and several amino acids, including glutamate and glutamine. In accordance, MCT8-expressing COS-1 cells had 2.2-times lower intracellular accumulation of [125I]-DIT compared with control cells. This effect was largely blocked in the presence of 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3) (IC50: 2.5 ± 1.5 µM) or thyroxine (T4) (IC50: 5.8 ± 1.3 µM). Conversely, increasing concentrations of DIT enhanced the accumulation of T3 and T4. The MCT8-specific inhibitor silychristin increased the intracellular accumulation of DIT in human fibroblasts. COS-1 cells expressing MCT8 also exhibited a 50% reduction in intracellular accumulation of [125I]-3-monoiodotyrosine (MIT). In contrast, COS-1 cells expressing MCT8 did not alter the intracellular accumulation of [3H]-glutamate or [3H]-glutamine. However, studies in human fibroblasts showed a 1.5-1.9 times higher glutamate uptake in control fibroblasts compared with fibroblasts derived from patients with MCT8 deficiency, which was not affected in the presence of silychristin. Conclusions: Taken together, our results suggest that the iodotyrosines DIT and MIT can be exported by MCT8. MIT and DIT interfere with MCT8-mediated transport of thyroid hormone in vitro and vice versa. Future studies should elucidate if MCT8, being highly expressed in thyroidal follicular cells, also transports iodotyrosines in vivo.

Antiretroviral adherence among people living with HIV during the postpartum period: a retrospective cohort study at a PMTCT reference center in Rio de Janeiro before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Despite success in achieving viral suppression during pregnancy in people living with HIV (PLWH), postpartum adherence remains a challenge. We aimed to describe rates of adherence at a Prevention of Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission (PMTCT) Center before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study was conducted from a cohort of PLWH who received prenatal care and were virally suppressed near delivery. We tracked combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) pickups for 12 months and HIV viral load (VL) from 2 to 12 months after delivery. We defined flexible adherence as a monthly pickup of cART and strict adherence as also having VL < 200 copies/mL and at least one maternal HIV VL between two and twelve months postpartum. Pre-pandemic was defined as delivery from March 2017-February 2019 and pandemic as March 2020-February 2022. During the study, 1119 PLWH were followed, and 965 (86%) were suppressed near delivery. There were 511 pre-pandemic and 290 pandemic participants. Adherence rates were 66/511 (13%) and 38/290 (13%), respectively. During the pandemic, more participants conceived using cART and were undetectable at the start of prenatal care; nevertheless, postpartum adherence was no better than pre-pandemic underscoring the need to improve strategies for adherence specific to this subset of PLWH in the postpartum period.

Genomic-assisted breeding for climate-smart coffee.

Coffee is a universal beverage that drives a multi-industry market on a global basis. Today, the sustainability of coffee production is threatened by accelerated climate changes. In this work, we propose the implementation of genomic-assisted breeding for climate-smart coffee in Coffea canephora. This species is adapted to higher temperatures and is more resilient to biotic and abiotic stresses. After evaluating two populations, over multiple harvests, and under severe drought weather condition, we dissected the genetic architecture of yield, disease resistance, and quality-related traits. By integrating genome-wide association studies and diallel analyses, our contribution is four-fold: (i) we identified a set of molecular markers with major effects associated with disease resistance and post-harvest traits, while yield and plant architecture presented a polygenic background; (ii) we demonstrated the relevance of nonadditive gene actions and projected hybrid vigor when genotypes from different geographically botanical groups are crossed; (iii) we computed medium-to-large heritability values for most of the traits, representing potential for fast genetic progress; and (iv) we provided a first step toward implementing molecular breeding to accelerate improvements in C. canephora. Altogether, this work is a blueprint for how quantitative genetics and genomics can assist coffee breeding and support the supply chain in the face of the current global changes.

Oral hygiene self-care: Concept analysis for the development of a new nursing diagnosis.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to analyze the concept of oral hygiene self-care and develop a new problem-focused nursing diagnosis (ND) based on the NANDA-I terminology. METHOD: A concept analysis was performed based on the Walker and Avant framework, including a scoping review phase according to the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. Searches were performed in PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scopus, Web of Science, Virtual Health Library, and specific gray literature databases. The development of the diagnostic structure followed the NANDA-I guidelines with a focus on Orem's self-care theory. RESULTS: Including 51 studies, the analysis facilitated the formulation of attributes, antecedents, and consequences of oral hygiene self-care. The ND "Oral hygiene self-care deficit" was created and included 17 defining characteristics, 9 related factors, 5 associated conditions, and 5 high-risk populations. Two cases were constructed to illustrate the use of key terms. CONCLUSIONS: The conceptual analysis provided insight into the concept of oral hygiene self-care and supported the structure of a new ND. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: This study contributes to the implementation of the nursing process by focusing on the identification of individuals with oral hygiene self-care deficit. It will facilitate the promotion of oral health, thereby impacting the individual's quality of life. In addition, it will aid in the development of public policy for the prevention of oral diseases.

Validation of the hospital resources assessment scale for the preservation of urinary continence in the elderly.

OBJECTIVES: to validate the internal structure of the Hospital Resources Assessment Scale for the Preservation of Urinary Continence in the Elderly. METHODS: validation study of the internal structure of a scale constructed based on the Donabedian conceptual model and an integrative review, with prior content validation. The scale was applied to the target population, and 124 nurses responded to the questionnaire. Exploratory Factor Analysis was performed using the FACTOR software, employing multiple techniques. RESULTS: a factorial model with 11 items organized into two dimensions (support for human resources and material resources) was obtained. The "physical structure" dimension was removed from the initial model and adopted as a complementary checklist to the instrument, as it was not possible to obtain a factorable model with this dimension. CONCLUSIONS: we provide a valid scale that can measure indicators, identifying weaknesses and/or strengths related to hospital resources for the preservation of urinary continence in the elderly.

Autocuidado para higiene oral em adultos e idosos no campo da enfermagem: protocolo de revisão de escopo / Self-care for oral hygiene in adults and older adults in the field of nursing: a scoping review protocol

OBJETIVO: Mapear evidências disponíveis sobre os antecedentes, atributos e consequentes do autocuidado para higiene oral de adultos e idosos, no campo da enfermagem. MÉTODO: Conduzido conforme a metodologia do Joanna Briggs Institute. Como critério de elegibilidade, serão utilizados a população de adultos e idosos, o conceito de autocuidado para a higiene oral e o contexto dos ambientes de cuidado de enfermagem. Na estratégia de busca, serão pesquisadas palavras relevantes em título e resumo, inicialmente em duas bases, que auxiliará na estratégia final de busca para todas as bases e, por fim, serão consultadas as referências dos estudos incluídos. As bases consultadas serão: Medline/Pubmed, CINAHL, Scopus, LILACS, Web of Science (WOS) e IBECS. Para busca de literatura cinzenta, serão utilizados os Catálogos de Teses e Dissertações da CAPES e a base OpenGrey. Os resultados serão redigidos de acordo com o Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews Checklist.

OBJECTIVE: To map available evidence on the antecedents, attributes, and consequences of self-care for oral hygiene in adults and older adults in the nursing field. METHOD: The study will be conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute's methodology. As eligibility criteria, the population of adults and older adults, the concept of self-care for oral hygiene, and the context of nursing care environments will be used. In the search strategy, relevant words will be searched in the titles and abstracts, initially in two databases, which will help achieve the final search strategy for all databases, and, finally, the references of the included studies will be consulted. The databases consulted will be Medline/Pubmed, CINAHL, Scopus, LILACS, Web of Science (WOS), and IBECS. The grey literature search will include the CAPES thesis, dissertation bank, and OpenGrey database. The results will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews.

Problemas éticos na prática clínica de enfermeiros do atendimento pré-hospitalar móvel: scoping review / Ethical problems in the clinical practice of mobile pre-hospital care nurses: a scoping review

OBJETIVO: Mapear na literatura os problemas éticos vivenciados por enfermeiros atuantes no Atendimento Pré-hospitalar Móvel. MÉTODO: Revisão de escopo que seguiu as recomendações do Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), realizada de outubro a novembro de 2021, com buscas nas bases de dados Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Web of Science, SAGE Journal, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE/PubMed) e Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL). Resultados: Nove estudos constituíram a amostra final. Os problemas éticos vivenciados na prática clínica de enfermeiros do Atendimento Pré-hospitalar Móvel foram apresentados em quatro categorias temáticas: Problemas éticos na relação equipe/usuário/família; Problemas éticos na relação entre as equipes; Problemas éticos relacionados à estrutura organizacional e gestão; e Problemas éticos relacionados aos fatores externos que interferem no cenário do Atendimento Pré-hospitalar Móvel. Conclusão: As evidências apontaram a necessidade de atenção à dimensão ética, aos valores e deveres implicados nas situações moralmente inadequadas vivenciadas por enfermeiros no cenário na rua.

OBJECTIVE: To map the ethical problems experienced by nurses in Mobile Pre-hospital Care in the literature. METHOD: A scoping review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute recommendations, from October to November 2021, with searches in Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (LILACS), Web of Science, SAGE Journal, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE/PubMed) end Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL). Results: Nine studies comprised the final sample. Ethical problems experienced in the clinical practice of Pre-hospital Mobile Care nurses were presented in four thematic categories: Team/user/family relationship ethics, Inter-team relationship ethics, Organizational structure and management ethics, and External factors and mobile pre-hospital care ethics. Conclusion: The evidence pointed to the need for attention to the ethical dimension, to the values ​​and duties involved in morally inappropriate situations experienced by nurses in the pre-hospital setting.

Consequences of the pandemic on dental practices: a literature review / Consequências da pandemia nas práticas odontológicas: revisão de literatura

ABSTRACT SARS-CoV-2 is caused by an RNA virus responsible for the disease known as COVID-19. First diagnosed in 2019, in a human being in the city of Wuhan, China, this disease is classified as a severe respiratory disease. Propagation occurs through coughing, sneezing, inhalation of droplets, or even indirect contact with the nasal, oral, and ocular mucous membranes. Preventive measures involving social distancing, quarantine, and mask use were implemented to prevent its spread. Such measures challenge dental practices, since they depend on proximity and do not allow the use of personal protective equipment, which cover the patient's oral cavity. This integrative literature review sought to identify articles discussing preventive measures of adequate use in current dental practices, reducing the risk of COVID-19 contamination and spread. Results showed the importance of dentists acting on the disease transmission routes, following care protocols, implementing new dental clinic management practices, such as avoiding crowds, longer time between appointments, use of teledentistry, and adopting preventive measures inside the dental office like hand washing, use of N95 mask, face shield, and air filters. However, oral health professionals must be prepared to face any imminent challenge imposed by infectious diseases in dental practice, following protocol before, during, and after dental care.

RESUMO O SARS-CoV-2 é causado por um vírus RNA responsável pela doença conhecida como COVID-19. Essa doença foi diagnosticada pela primeira vez em 2019, em um humano na cidade de Wuhan, na China, sendo classificada como uma doença respiratória grave. A propagação da mesma se dá através da tosse, espirros, inalação de gotículas ou, então, contato indireto com as mucosas nasal, oral e ocular. Para evitar o avanço da doença, medidas preventivas foram implantadas, envolvendo o distanciamento social, quarentena e a utilização de máscaras. Tais medidas desafiam as práticas odontológicas, uma vez que os cirurgiões-dentistas dependem da proximidade; além do que a prática odontológica não permite o uso de equipamentos de proteção individuais que cubram a cavidade oral do paciente, obviamente. Este trabalho teve como objetivo reunir, através de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, artigos com medidas preventivas que possam ser utilizadas nas práticas odontológicas atuais, diminuindo o risco de contaminação e disseminação da COVID-19. Pôde-se observar a importância do cirurgião-dentista em atuar nas rotas de transmissão da doença, seguindo protocolos de atendimento, fazendo novo gerenciamento da clínica odontológica como por exemplo; evitando aglomerações, maior tempo entre uma consulta e outra, uso da teleodontologia e também medidas preventivas dentro do consultório, como: lavagem das mãos, uso de máscara N95, protetor facial e filtros de ar. Com tudo, os profissionais da saúde bucal devem estar preparados para enfrentar qualquer desafio iminente, imposto pelas doenças infecciosas na prática odontológica, seguindo protocolo, antes, durante e depois dos atendimentos odontológicos.

Validation of the hospital resources assessment scale for the preservation of urinary continence in the elderly / Validación de la escala de evaluación de recursos hospitalarios para la preservación de la continencia urinaria en los ancianos / Validação da escala de avaliação de recursos hospitalares para preservação da continência urinária de idosos

ABSTRACT Objectives: to validate the internal structure of the Hospital Resources Assessment Scale for the Preservation of Urinary Continence in the Elderly. Methods: validation study of the internal structure of a scale constructed based on the Donabedian conceptual model and an integrative review, with prior content validation. The scale was applied to the target population, and 124 nurses responded to the questionnaire. Exploratory Factor Analysis was performed using the FACTOR software, employing multiple techniques. Results: a factorial model with 11 items organized into two dimensions (support for human resources and material resources) was obtained. The "physical structure" dimension was removed from the initial model and adopted as a complementary checklist to the instrument, as it was not possible to obtain a factorable model with this dimension. Conclusions: we provide a valid scale that can measure indicators, identifying weaknesses and/or strengths related to hospital resources for the preservation of urinary continence in the elderly.

RESUMEN Objetivos: validar la estructura interna de la Escala de Evaluación de Recursos Hospitalarios para la Preservación de la Continencia Urinaria en los Ancianos. Métodos: estudio de validación de la estructura interna de una escala construida basada en el modelo conceptual de Donabedian y una revisión integrativa, con validación previa del contenido. La escala se aplicó a la población objetivo y 124 enfermeros respondieron al cuestionario. Se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio utilizando el software FACTOR, empleando múltiples técnicas. Resultados: se obtuvo un modelo factorial con 11 ítems organizados en dos dimensiones (apoyo a los recursos humanos y recursos materiales). La dimensión "estructura física" se eliminó del modelo inicial y se adoptó como un checklist complementario al instrumento, ya que no fue posible obtener un modelo factorizable con esta dimensión. Conclusiones: proporcionamos una escala válida que puede medir indicadores, identificando debilidades y/o fortalezas relacionadas con los recursos hospitalarios para la preservación de la continencia urinaria en los ancianos.

RESUMO Objetivos: validar a estrutura interna da escala de avaliação de recursos hospitalares para preservação da continência urinária de idosos. Métodos: estudo de validação da estrutura interna de escala construída com base no modelo conceitual da tríade donabediana e em revisão integrativa, cuja validação de conteúdo ocorreu em etapa anterior. Nesta proposta, a escala foi aplicada à população-alvo e 124 enfermeiras responderam ao formulário contendo a escala testada. Foi realizada Análise Fatorial Exploratória no software FACTOR, utilizando múltiplas técnicas. Resultados: obteve-se um modelo fatorial com 11 itens organizados em duas dimensões (apoio aos recursos humanos e recursos materiais). A dimensão "estrutura física" foi retirada do modelo inicial e adotada como um checklist complementar ao instrumento, pois não foi possível obter um modelo fatorável com essa dimensão. Conclusões: disponibilizamos uma escala válida que pode mensurar indicadores, identificando fragilidades e/ou potencialidades relacionadas aos recursos hospitalares para preservação da continência urinária de pessoas idosas.

Estudo bibliométrico sobre a prática pedagógica na formação do enfermeiro no contexto do MERCOSUL* / Estudio bibliométrico sobre la práctica pedagógica em la formación de enfermeras em el contexto del MERCOSUR / Bibliometric study on pedagogical practice in nurse training in the context of MERCOSUR

Objetivo: analisar a produção científica sobre a prática pedagógica na formação do Enfermeiro no contexto do MERCOSUL indexada na Web of Science. Método: estudo descritivo, abordagem quantitativa, com análise bibliométrica dos indicadores: número de publicações por ano, idioma, periódicos, autores mais produtivos, coautoria e palavras-chave. A coleta de dados ocorreu em 29 de junho de 2022, análise mediante o Software Microsoft Excel®. Resultados: foram identificados 389 documentos, distribuídos entre: 354 artigos (91%), 19 artigos de revisão (4,9%) e 16 conferências (4,1%), publicados em 126 periódicos diferentes, nos idiomas: inglês, português e espanhol, entre os anos de 1958 a 2021. O periódico com maior quantitativo de publicações foi a Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem. Os 10 autores mais produtivos são do Brasil. Na análise de termos, destacaram-se as palavras "Nursing", "Nursing Education" e "Education". Conclusão: expressiva produtividade brasileira e escassa produção dos demais países do MERCOSUL indexada na Web of Science.

Objective: to analyze scientific production on pedagogical practice in Nurse training in the context of MERCOSUR indexed in the Web of Science. Method: descriptive study, quantitative approach, with bibliometric analysis of indicators: number of publications per year, language, journals, most productive authors, co-authorship and keywords. Data collection took place on June 29, 2022, analysis using Microsoft Excel® Software. Results: 389 documents were identified, distributed among: 354 articles (91%), 19 review articles (4.9%) and 16 conferences (4.1%), published in 126 different journals, in the languages: English, Portuguese and Spanish, between the years 1958 to 2021. The journal with the largest number of publications was the Latin American Nursing Journal. The 10 most productive authors are from Brazil. In the analysis of terms, the words "Nursing", "Nursing Education" and "Education" stood out. Conclusion: significant Brazilian productivity and little production from other MERCOSUR countries indexed in the Web of Science.

Objetivo: analizar la producción científica sobre la práctica pedagógica en la formación de Enfermeros en el contexto del MERCOSUR indexada en la Web of Science. Método: estudio descriptivo, enfoque cuantitativo, con análisis bibliométrico de indicadores: número de publicaciones por año, idioma, periódicos, autores más productivos, coautorías y palabras clave. La recolección de datos se realizó el 29 de junio de 2022, análisis mediante el software Microsoft Excel®. Resultados: Se identificaron 389 documentos, distribuidos entre: 354 artículos (91%), 19 artículos de revisión (4,9%) y 16 conferencias (4,1%), publicados en 126 revistas diferentes, en los idiomas: inglés, portugués y español, entre los años 1958 al 2021. La revista con mayor número de publicaciones fue la Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermería. Los 10 autores más productivos son de Brasil. En el análisis de términos se destacaron las palabras "Enfermería", "Educación en Enfermería" y "Educación". Conclusión: significativa productividad brasileña y poca producción de otros países del MERCOSUR indexadas en la Web of Science.

2-Aminoselenazoles and 2-aminothiazoles: One-pot synthesis and control of the fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum in common beans.

BACKGROUND: Anthracnose, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, increases losses in the production of common beans. As 1,3-diazoles can act against fungi by inhibiting the enzyme squalene epoxidase (SE), 2-aminoselenazoles and 2-aminothiazoles were synthesized and subjected to tests with the fungus. In addition, the interactions of the most promising substances with the enzyme SE were investigated in silico. RESULTS: Seventeen compounds (eight new) were prepared by a one-pot methodology. In vitro antifungal activities of these compounds against C. lindemuthianum were determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method. Most treatments differed from the control (water), and six azoles with the lowest MIC values underwent an assay employing common bean plants inoculated with the fungus. Among the best results were those from 2-(3-fluorophenyl)amino-4-phenyl-1,3-thiazole (16; 2857 µg mL-1 ), which reduced the severity of anthracnose in common beans to values statistically comparable to the commercial fungicide thiophanate-methyl (700 µg mL-1 ). The in silico affinity of compound 16 for SE was statistically equal to those calculated for several inhibitors of this enzyme. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggested that 2-(3-fluorophenyl)amino-4-phenyl-1,3-thiazole (16) could be considered a potential fungicidal lead compound for further structural optimization, which according to the in silico study acts via SE inhibition. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

Respostas comportamentais apresentadas por longevos após internação na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva e retorno domiciliar / Respuestas comportamentales presentadas por longevos después de la hospitalización en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos y regreso al hogar / Behavioral responses presented by elderly people after hospitalization in the intensive care unit and return home

Resumo Objetivo identificar respostas comportamentais apresentadas por longevos no domicílio, após internação na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva e alta hospitalar. Método estudo qualitativo, realizado com pessoas de 80 anos ou mais. O cenário da coleta de dados foi a Unidade de Terapia Intensiva e o domicílio de longevos que estiveram internados na unidade, por meio de entrevista aberta. Para análise dos dados, utilizou-se o método de análise de conteúdo de Bardin, pautada na teoria de Adaptação de Callista Roy. Todos os cuidados éticos foram respeitados. Resultados emergiram-se duas categorias: Alterações do padrão de resposta às necessidades fisiológicas e perda de autonomia e Alterações psicossociais e comprometimento na realização de atividades cotidianas de lazer e laborais. Conclusão e implicações para a prática as respostas comportamentais foram relacionadas aos modos fisiológicos e psicossociais, que culminaram em dependência e perda de autonomia para realização das atividades básicas de vida. Perceberam-se dificuldades vivenciadas no retorno ao domicílio, que provocaram alterações significativas na realização de atividades cotidianas, evidenciando a necessidade de se iniciar o preparo para o retorno domiciliar, pela equipe multiprofissional, ainda durante a hospitalização. Espera-se que estratégias visando melhorias dos resultados de cuidados críticos sejam implementadas nessa população.

RESUMEN Objetivo identificar respuestas comportamentales presentadas por longevos en el domicilio después de internación en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos y alta hospitalaria. Método estudio cualitativo, realizado con personas de 80 años o más. El escenario de la recolección de datos fue la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos y el domicilio de longevos que estuvieron internados en la unidad, por medio de entrevista abierta. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó el método de análisis de contenido de Bardin, pautado en la teoría de Adaptación de Callista Roy. Todos los cuidados éticos fueron respetados. Resultados surgieron dos categorías: Alteraciones del patrón de respuesta a las necesidades fisiológicas y pérdida de autonomía y Alteraciones psicosociales y compromiso en la realización de actividades cotidianas de ocio y laborales. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica las respuestas comportamentales fueron relacionadas a los modos fisiológicos y psicosociales, que culminaron en dependencia y pérdida de autonomía en la realización de las actividades básicas de la vida. Se percibieron dificultades vividas en el retorno al domicilio, que provocaron alteraciones significativas en la realización de actividades cotidianas, revelando la necesidad de iniciar la preparación para el retorno domiciliar por el equipo multiprofesional aún durante la hospitalización. Se espera que estrategias que busquen mejoras de los resultados de cuidados críticos sean implementadas en esa población.

Abstract Objective to identify the behavioral responses presented by elderly people at home after hospitalization at the intensive care unit and hospital discharge. Method a qualitative study was conducted with people aged 80 years or older. The data collection setting was the intensive care unit and the homes of the elderly people hospitalized in the unit using open interviews. Data analysis consisted of Bardin's method of content analysis based on the Callista Roy adaptation model. All ethical aspects were respected. Results two categories emerged: changes in the pattern of response to physiological needs and loss of autonomy and psychosocial changes and impairment in performing daily leisure and work activities. Conclusion and implications for practice behavioral responses were related to physiological and psychosocial factors, culminating in dependence and loss of autonomy to perform basic life activities. Difficulties experienced in returning home were also noticed, which caused significant changes in daily activities, thereby evidencing the need for multidisciplinary teams to begin preparing for the return home during hospitalization. Strategies seeking to improve critical care outcomes are highly suggested to be implemented in this population.

Distanciamento social e COVID-19: estratégias adotadas por estudantes de Enfermagem / Social distancing and COVID-19: strategies adopted by Nursing students / Distanciamiento social y COVID-19: estrategias adoptadas por estudiantes de Enfermería

OBJETIVO: identificar quais estratégias de enfrentamento foram adotadas por estudantes de Enfermagem de uma universidade pública perante as dificuldades vivenciadas no decorrer do distanciamento social e da pandemia da COVID-19. MÉTODO: estudo transversal, realizado com 148 estudantes, a partir de questionário on-line. A análise estatística foi realizada por meio de análise descritiva dos dados, apresentando os resultados por frequências absolutas e relativas e medidas de tendência central. RESULTADOS: constatou-se que uma pequena parcela foi infectada por SARS-CoV-2 (6,1%). Em contrapartida, 39,9% relataram que algum familiar foi infectado. Em relação aos que utilizaram estratégias de enfrentamento (91,2%), destacam-se a adoção de hobbies (49,3%) e a realização de atividades físicas (26,4%). Nota-se que ambas estiveram relacionadas também a meios para o afastamento da situação vivida e/ou na tentativa de fuga de pensamentos negativos. CONCLUSÃO: os resultados apontam ser necessário o apoio da universidade, a partir de ações com enfoque na saúde mental dos estudantes de Enfermagem, potencializando as estratégias que sejam eficazes na melhoria do bem-estar e na diminuição do estresse dos alunos, suscetíveis ao adoecimento psíquico, a partir das vivências e receios do meio universitário.

OBJECTIVE: identify which coping strategies have been adopted by Nursing students at a public university in the face of the difficulties experienced during the social distancing and the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD: cross-sectional study, conducted with 148 students, from an online questionnaire. The statistical analysis was carried out through descriptive analysis of the data, presenting the results by absolute and relative frequencies and measures of central tendency. RESULTS: a small portion was found to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 (6.1%). In contrast, 39.9% reported that some family member was infected. In relation to those who used coping strategies (91.2%), the adoption of hobbies (49.3%) and the performance of physical activities (26.4%) stand out. It is noted that both were also related to means to get away from the lived situation and/or in the attempt to escape negative thoughts. CONCLUSION: the results indicate that the support of the university is necessary, based on actions focused on the mental health of nursing students, enhancing strategies that are effective in improving the well-being and reducing the stress of students, susceptible to psychic illness, from the experiences and fears of the university environment.

OBJETIVO: identificar qué estrategias de afrontamiento fueron adoptadas por estudiantes de enfermería en una universidad pública en vista de las dificultades experimentadas durante la distancia social y la pandemia de Covid-19. MÉTODO: estudio transversal, realizado con 148 alumnos, utilizando un cuestionario en línea. El análisis estadístico se realizó a través del análisis de datos descriptivos, presentando los resultados por frecuencias absolutas y relativas y medidas de tendencia central. Para el análisis de asociación, se utilizó la prueba de chi-cuadrado, adoptando un nivel de significación del 5%. RESULTADOS: se encontró que una pequeña porción estaba infectada con SARS-CoV-2 (6.1%). En contraste, el 39.9% informó que algún miembro de la familia estaba infectado. Con respecto a quienes usaron estrategias de afrontamiento (91.2%), se destaca la adopción de pasatiempos (49.3%) y actividades físicas (26.4%). Cabe señalar que ambos también estaban relacionados con formas de eliminar la situación experimentada y/o en un intento de escapar de los pensamientos negativos. CONCLUSIÓN: los resultados apuntan a la necesidad de apoyo universitario, basado en acciones enfocadas en la salud mental de los estudiantes de enfermería, lo que permite mejorar las estrategias que son efectivas para mejorar el bienestar y reducir el estrés de los estudiantes, previamente susceptibles a enfermedades psíquico basado en las experiencias y temores del entorno universitario.

Exercise training and diet-induced weight loss increase markers of hepatic bile acid (BA) synthesis and reduce serum total BA concentrations in obese women.

Regular exercise has profound metabolic influence on the liver, but effects on bile acid (BA) metabolism are less well known. BAs are synthesized exclusively in the liver from cholesterol via the rate-limiting enzyme cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1). BAs contribute to the solubilization and absorption of lipids and serve as important signaling molecules, capable of systemic endocrine function. Circulating BAs increase with obesity and insulin resistance, but effects following exercise and diet-induced weight loss are unknown. To test if improvements in fitness and weight loss as a result of exercise training enhance BA metabolism, we measured serum concentrations of total BAs (conjugated and unconjugated primary and secondary BAs) in sedentary, obese, insulin-resistant women (N = 11) before (PRE) and after (POST) a ∼14-wk exercise and diet-induced weight loss intervention. BAs were measured in serum collected after an overnight fast and during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Serum fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19; a regulator of BA synthesis) and 7-alpha-hydroxy-cholesten-3-one (C4, a marker of CYP7A1 enzymatic activity) also were measured. Using linear mixed-model analyses and the change in V̇O2peak (mL/min/kg) as a covariate, we observed that exercise and weight loss intervention decreased total fasting serum BA by ∼30% (P = 0.001) and increased fasting serum C4 concentrations by 55% (P = 0.004). C4 was significantly correlated with serum total BAs only in the POST condition, whereas serum FGF19 was unchanged. These data indicate that a fitness and weight loss intervention modifies BA metabolism in obese women and suggest that improved metabolic health associates with higher postabsorptive (fasting) BA synthesis. Furthermore, pre- vs. postintervention patterns of serum C4 following an OGTT support the hypothesis that responsiveness of BA synthesis to postprandial inhibition is improved after exercise and weight loss.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Exercise and weight loss in previously sedentary, insulin-resistant women facilitates a significant improvement in insulin sensitivity and fitness that may be linked to changes in bile acid metabolism. Diet-induced weight loss plus exercise-induced increases in fitness promote greater postabsorptive bile acid synthesis while also sensitizing the bile acid metabolic system to feedback inhibition during a glucose challenge when glucose and insulin are elevated.

Epidemiological study in Brazilian women highlights that syphilis remains a public health problem.

Syphilis, an infectious disease considered a global public health concern, can cause stillbirths and neonatal deaths. This highlights the importance of continuous surveillance studies among women of reproductive age. A cross-sectional study was carried out to analyze the prevalence and risk factors associated with Treponema pallidum infection in women assisted by primary health care units in Dourados, a city located in Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, which borders Paraguay. A questionnaire was applied to a population-based sample, blood samples were collected for syphilis testing and multivariable analyses were performed to screen associations with T. pallidum infection. The prevalence of T. pallidum infection was 6.04%. Bivariate analysis showed that women referring multiple sexual partners (c2: 6.97 [p=0.014]), income less 2 minimal wages (c2: 15.93 [p=0.003]), who did not have high school (c2: 12.64 [p=0.005]), and reporting history of STIs (c2: 7.30 [p=0.018]) are more likely to have syphilis. In the multivariate analysis, a highest prevalence ratio was observed in women with income less than 2 minimal wages (PR: 0.96 [95% CI: 0.85 - 0.97]), and who did not have high school (PR: 0.94 [95% CI: 0.90 - 0.98]). In addition, 80% of the women reported irregular use of condoms and 63.89% declared having sexual intercourses with multiple partners, which creates more opportunities for the transmission of the infection. These results highlight the need for healthcare systems to implement initiatives to monitor syphilis screening and the commitment of patients and their sexual partners to the treatment in order to achieve a decrease of new cases.

Chikungunya Virus Infection Outcome: A Systematic Review of Host Genetics.

Background: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a global concern, inducing chikungunya fever and trigging an arthritogenic chronic phase beyond some severe forms. Outcomes of CHIKV infections in humans are dependent on genetic variations. Here, a systematic review was performed to show evidence of genetic variations on infection outcomes of patients. Methods: Searches were performed in Scopus, SciELO, MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, OneFile (GALE), Periódicos CAPES and ScienceDirect Journals databases. The PICOS approach was used to assess the eligibility of records. A meta-analysis was also conducted to show an association between described alleles/genes and CHIKV infection outcome. Results: Reviews of genetic variants were conducted on genes: CD 209, OAS1, OAS2, OAS3, MIF, TLR-3, TLR-7, TLR-8, MYD-88, KIR, HLA-B; HLA-C; DRB1 and DQB1. Studies were performed on Gabon, Singapore, and India, including Indians, Malay, Gabonese and Chinese ethnicities and published between 2009-2017. The meta-analysis was performed with DRB1 *01; *03; *04; *07; *10; *11; *13; *14 and *15 and DQB1 *02; *03; *05 and *06 alleles with Indian population sample. Sampling power was >80% and a significant positive association between DRB1*14 and CHIKV infection was found (OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.04-2.67; p = .03). Conclusion: Majority of the studies were conducted in India. Meta-analysis suggests that DRB1*14 is related to the susceptibility of symptomatic CHIKV infection in Indian population. The literature about CHIKV infection and genetic variations is scarce. The precise role of genetic variation in CHIKV is not clear yet. Further studies are necessary to provide more concrete evidences.

Weight Loss, but Not Dairy Composition of Diet, Moderately Affects Satiety and Postprandial Gut Hormone Patterns in Adults.

BACKGROUND: Inclusion of dairy in diet patterns has been shown to have mixed effects on weight loss. A prevailing hypothesis is that dairy improves weight loss by influencing endocrine systems associated with satiety and food intake regulation. OBJECTIVES: The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of weight loss with or without adequate dietary dairy on subjective and objective appetitive measures. METHODS: Men and women who were habitual low dairy consumers (n = 65, 20-50 y) participated in a 12-wk randomized controlled feeding weight loss trial. During the 12-wk intervention, a low-dairy (<1 serving dairy/d) was compared with an adequate-dairy (3-4 servings dairy/d) diet, both with a 500-kcal deficit/d. Test days, before and at the end of the intervention, began with 2 fasting blood draws and visual analog scale (VAS) measures, followed by a standard breakfast (25% of prescribed restricted calories), 5 postbreakfast blood draws and VASs, a standard lunch (40% of restricted energy amount), and 12 postlunch blood draws and VASs. Blood samples were used for satiety hormone measurements. On a separate day when matching standard meals were consumed, an ad libitum buffet meal was provided as dinner, at a self-selected time. Meal duration and intermeal interval were recorded. RESULTS: Weight loss (-6.1 kg), irrespective of dairy, resulted in reduced fasting insulin (-20%) and leptin (-25%), and increased fasting acylated ghrelin (+25%) and VAS desire to eat (+18%) (P < 0.05). There were no effects of dairy on objective or subjective satiety measures. Weight loss marginally reduced the intermeal interval (289 min compared with 276 min, P = 0.059) between lunch and the ad libitum buffet. CONCLUSIONS: These results do not support the hypothesis that inclusion of dairy in long-term dietary patterns influences appetite during weight loss. Weight loss per se has a modest impact on select systems that regulate hunger and satiety.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00858312.

Association of Polymorphisms in Cytokine genes with susceptibility to Precancerous Lesions and Cervical Cancer: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

Objectives: This study investigated the relationship between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in cytokine genes and the susceptibility to Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (SIL), cervical cancer and HPV infection through a systematic review with meta-analysis. To verify the effect of SNPs, we also analyzed the transcription factor binding affinity using bioinformatics tools.Methods: Seven electronic databases (MEDLINE, Scielo, BIREME, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Science Direct) were searched for case-control studies.Results: A total of 35 relevant case-control studies were meta-analyzed, including 7 cytokine genes and 15 SNPs. SNPs in IL-17A (rs2275913, rs3748067); IL-17 F (rs763780); IL-12A (rs568408); IL-12B (rs3212227); TNFA (rs1800629, rs361525); IL-1B (rs16944); IL-6 (rs1800795); IL-10 (rs1800896) genes were associated with increased risk for cervical cancer. No association was observed between meta-analyzed polymorphisms and SIL. Additional bioinformatics analysis suggested a possible transcriptional regulation pathway of the TNFA and IL-10 genes through the MZF1 (TNFA -308 G > A and IL-10 - 1082A>G) and ZNF263 (TNFA -238 G > A) transcription factors binding.Conclusion: Overall, 10 SNPs in cytokine genes were associated with increased risk for cervical cancer. Therefore, in our meta-analysis, these SNPs demonstrated to be potential biomarkers for predicting or identifying cases of high risk for SIL and cervical cancer.

Different loci control resistance to different isolates of the same race of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum in common bean.

KEY MESSAGE: Linkage and genome-wide association analyses using high-throughput SNP genotyping revealed different loci controlling resistance to different isolates of race 65 of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum in common bean. Development of varieties with durable resistance to anthracnose is a major challenge in common bean breeding programs because of the extensive virulence diversity of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum fungus. We used linkage and genome-wide association analyses to tap the genomic regions associated with resistance to different isolates of race 65. Linkage mapping was done using an F2 population derived from the cross between the Mesoamerican common beans BRS Estilo x Ouro Vermelho, inoculated with two different isolates of race 65. Association genetics relied on a diversity common bean panel containing 189 common bean accessions inoculated with five different isolates of race 65 as an attempt to validate the linkage analysis findings and, eventually, identify other genomic regions associated with resistance to race 65. The F2 population and diversity panel were genotyped with the BARCBean6K_3 Illumina BeadChip containing 5398 SNP markers. Both linkage and genome-wide association analyses identified different loci controlling resistance to different isolates of race 65 on linkage group Pv04. Genome-wide association analysis also detected loci on Pv05, Pv10 and Pv11 associated with resistance to race 65. These findings indicate that resistance to race 65 can be overcome by the virulence diversity among different isolates of the same race and could lead to the loss of resistance after cultivar release. We identified 25 resistant common bean cultivars to all five isolates of race 65 in the diversity panel. The accessions should be useful to develop cultivars combining different resistance genes that favor durable resistance to anthracnose in common bean.

Gestão em Saúde Pública, enfrentamentos cotidianos: direitos e deveres / Management in public health, daily confrontations: rights and duties

O guia tem a finalidade de informar e orientar profissionais, estudantes e todos os envolvidos na saúde do país, quanto à Gestão em Saúde Pública e seu enfrentamento cotidiano