The emotional and psychiatric problems of adolescents on parole whose parents are substance users: A Brazilian cross-sectional study.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the associations between having parents with substance use problems, and having suffered neglect within the family, and behavioral problems (psychological and drug use) among adolescents. All the participants were enrolled on the socio-educational parole scheme, 'Assisted Freedom'. In this cross-sectional study, 150 adolescents were interviewed using the Drug Abuse Screening Test, Teen Addiction Severity Index, and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Ninety-five percent of the participants were male (n = 143), aged 13-17. Thirty percent of adolescents had a parent who used substances and had experienced neglect from their families. Those adolescents who were living with both parents (odds ratio adjusted (ORA) = 2.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.13-6.37), from a low-income family (ORA = 6.7, 95% CI = 1.85-24.22), experienced hallucinations (ORA = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.25-6.14), had problems controlling violent behavior (ORA = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.12-5.87), and were physically neglected (ORA = 3.0, 95% CI = 1.24-7.49) were more likely to have parents who used substances and to have experienced parental neglect. This article concludes that adolescents, who are on parole, come from families with high level of psychosocial vulnerabilities, including substance use, experience neglect by their families leading to adverse emotional and psychological states.

Autoconfiança e satisfação dos estudantes de enfermagem em simulação de emergência / Autoconfianza y satisfacción de estudiantes de enfermería en simulación de emergencias / Self-confidence and satisfaction of nursing students in emergency simulation

RESUMO Objetivo: comparar a autoconfiança para avaliação e intervenção de enfermagem em cenários clínicos simulados de emergência e verificar a satisfação dos estudantes de Enfermagem em participar do método. Métodos: pesquisa de intervenção, de braço único, longitudinal do tipo antes e depois, realizado com 35 estudantes de Enfermagem de uma universidade pública do Sul do Brasil. A intervenção foi a simulação de alta fidelidade utilizando o modelo da National League Nursing/Jeffries Simulation Theory em cinco cenários clínicos de emergência com nível progressivo de complexidade que incluíram a avaliação e intervenção nas áreas neurológica, respiratória e cardíaca. A mensuração dos desfechos foi realizada mediante o Self Confidence Questionnaire e a Escala de Satisfação com as Experiências Clínicas Simuladas. Resultados: a comparação dos resultados demonstrou significativo aumento (p<0,05) na aquisição de autoconfiança para avaliação e intervenção em casos clínicos simulados de emergência, nas áreas neurológica (p=0,0073 e p=0,0431), respiratória (valores entre p<0,0001 e p=0,0060) e cardíaca (valores entre p<0,0001 e p=0,0494). O escore de satisfação médio foi de 8,4 pontos, do máximo de 10,0, indicando elevado grau de satisfação com as experiências vivenciadas. Conclusões: os cenários clínicos simulados em nível crescente de complexidade promoveram aumento da autoconfiança para avaliação e intervenção de enfermagem, e a partir dessa autoconfiança os estudantes se sentiram competentes e satisfeitos porque conseguiram avaliar e intervir nas situações clínicas apresentadas e, portanto, pode-se inferir que se sentiram preparados para a experiência clínica real.

RESUMEN Objetivo: comparar la autoconfianza para la evaluación e intervención de enfermería en entornos clínicos de emergencia simulados y verificar la satisfacción de los estudiantes de enfermería al participar en el método. Métodos: investigación de intervención, brazo único, tipo longitudinal antes y después, realizada con 35 estudiantes de enfermería de una universidad pública del sur de Brasil. La intervención fue una simulación de alta fidelidad utilizando el modelo de la National League Nursing / Jeffries Simulation Theory en cinco escenarios clínicos de emergencia con un nivel progresivo de complejidad que incluyó evaluación e intervención en las áreas neurológica, respiratoria y cardíaca. Se utilizaron el Cuestionario de autoconfianza y la Escala de satisfacción con experiencias clínicas simuladas para la medición de resultados. Resultados: la comparación de resultados mostró un aumento significativo (p <0.05) en la adquisición de autoconfianza para la evaluación e intervención en casos clínicos simulados de emergencia, en lo neurológico (p = 0.0073 yp = 0.0431), respiratorio (valores entre p <0,0001 yp = 0,0060) y cardíaco (valores entre p <0,0001 yp = 0,0494). La puntuación media de satisfacción fue de 8,4 puntos, de un máximo de 10,0, lo cual indica un alto grado de satisfacción con las experiencias. Conclusiones: los escenarios clínicos simulados con un nivel de complejidad creciente promovieron aumento de la autoconfianza para la evaluación e intervención de enfermería, y a partir de esa autoconfianza los estudiantes se sintieron competentes y satisfechos porque fueron capaces de evaluar e intervenir en las situaciones clínicas presentadas y, por lo tanto, se puede deducir que se sintieron preparados para la experiencia clínica real.

ABSTRACT Objective: to compare self-confidence for Nursing evaluation and intervention in simulated emergency clinical settings and to verify the satisfaction of Nursing students in participating in the method. Methods: this is single-arm, longitudinal intervention research of before and after type, conducted with 35 Nursing students from a public university in southern Brazil. The intervention was a high-fidelity simulation using the National League Nursing/Jeffries Simulation Theory model in five emergency clinical scenarios with a progressive level of complexity that included the evaluation and intervention in the neurological, respiratory and cardiac areas. Outcome measurements were performed using the Self-Confidence Questionnaire and the Satisfaction Scale with Simulated Clinical Experiences. Results: the comparison of results showed a significant increase (p <0.05) in the acquisition of self-confidence for evaluation and intervention in simulated clinical cases of emergency, in the neurological (p = 0.0073 and p = 0.0431), respiratory (values between p <0.0001 and p = 0.0060) and cardiac (values between p <0.0001 and p = 0.0494). The average satisfaction score was 8.4 points out of a maximum of 10.0, indicating a high degree of satisfaction with the experiences. Conclusions: the simulated clinical scenarios with an increasing level of complexity promoted an increase in self-confidence for Nursing assessment and intervention, and from that self-confidence, the students felt competent and satisfied because they were able to evaluate and intervene in the clinical situations presented and, therefore, it is possible to infer that they felt prepared for the real clinical experience.

A Fuzzy Approach for Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Classification

Abstract This paper proposes an automatic fuzzy classification system for glycemic index, which indicates the level of Diabetes Mellitus type 2. Diabetes is a chronic disease occurred when there is deficiency in insulin production or in its action, or both, causing complications. Neuro-fuzzy systems and Decision Trees are used to obtain, respectively, the numerical parameters of the membership functions and the linguistic based rules of the fuzzy classification system. The results goal to categorize the glycemic index into 4 classes: decrease a lot, decrease, stable and increase. Real database from [1] is used and the input attributes of the system are defined. In addition, the proposed automatic fuzzy classification system is compared with an "expert" fuzzy classification system, which is totally modeled using expert knowledge. From linguistic based rules obtained from fuzzy inference process, new scenarios are simulated in order to obtain a larger data set which provides a better evaluation of the classification systems. Results are promising, since they indicate the best treatment - intervention or comparative - for each patient, assisting in the decision-making process of the health care professional.

Tendência da mortalidade por Diabetes Mellitus no Paraná, Brasil, entre 1984 e 2014: regressão joinpoint / Trend in mortality from Diabetes Mellitus in the state of Paraná, Brazil, between 1984 and 2014: Joinpoint regression

O objetivo foi analisar a tendência da mortalidade por Diabetes mellitus (DM) no Paraná (Brasil) no período de 1984 a 2014, por meio de pesquisa analítica retrospectiva do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM) quanto a notificações de DM como causa básica do óbito. Os dados foram digitados no software Microsoft Excel®. Foi utilizado o Jointpoint regression analysis para calcular a percentagem anual de mudança da taxa com intervalo de confiança de 95%. Entre o período de 1984 a 2014, ocorreram 60343 óbitos decorrentes do DM. No Paraná, observou-se que a taxa de mortalidade por DM no período analisado passou de 14,37/100000 habitantes para 29,27/100000 habitantes. A tendência da mortalidade de 1984 a 2000 foi crescente, mantendo-se estável a partir de 2000 a 2014. Um aspecto promissor foi a constatação da estabilização da taxa de mortalidade no período de 2000 a 2014, num contexto que verifica-se aumento progressivo do número de casos da doença.(AU)

The objective was to analyze the trend in Diabetes Mellitus (DM) mortality in the state of Paraná (Brazil) from 1984 to 2014. This is a retrospective analytical research on mortality from DM as a basic cause of death in Paraná, reported to the Mortality Information System (SIM). Data was entered in Microsoft Excel® software. Jointpoint regression analysis was used to calculate the annual rate change with a 95% confidence interval. Between 1984 and 2014, there were 60,343 deaths from DM. In Paraná, it was observed that the DM mortality rate in the analyzed period increased from 14.37/100,000 inhabitants to 29.27/100,000 inhabitants. The trend in mortality from 1984 to 2000 has been increasing, remaining stable from 2000 to 2014. A promising aspect was the stabilization of the mortality rate in the period from 2000 to 2014, in a context where there is a progressive increase in the number of cases of the disease. (AU)

Depressive symptoms and factors associated with depression and suicidal behavior in substances user in treatment: Focus on suicidal behavior and psychological problems.

AIM: To investigate the prevalence of depressive symptoms, psychological problems, suicidal behaviour and their associations in substance users in treatment. METHODS: A cross-sectional study, with 307 substance users in an out-patient treatment facility, was undertaken. Socio-demographic data, psychoactive substances used, depressive symptoms, and suicide information were obtained. RESULTS: 70% of participants were depressed; of those, 8.1% were either under the influence of drugs or in withdrawal. Suicidal ideation was found to be present in those who had anxiety, were nervous, had depressive symptoms, or were under drug influence or in withdrawal. CONCLUSION: It is important to identify potential suicidal risk factors and implement the management of these conditions in substance users.

Susceptibly of Alphitobius diaperinus to Beauveria bassiana extracts.

Alphitobius diaperinus is an important pathogen with worldwide distribution that causes severe economic loss of efficiency in broilers. This study evaluates the potential of organic extracts of two strains entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (CG71 and UNI40) as a biocontrol agent on A. diaperinus and promotes the phytochemical investigation. The effective percentages of mortalities were 95.97% (UNI40 methanolic extract), 69.23, 64.64, and 50.39% (CG 71 methanolic, ethyl acetate and butanol extracts). However, there was a decrease in the lesser mealworms susceptibility in relation to the use of insecticides and extracts. The metabolites 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furanoic acid, dipicolinic acid and monomethyl dipicolinate were isolated from ethyl acetate extract, and ß-adenosine of butanolic extract of B. bassiana CG 71. In addition, the cyclodepsipeptides were identified in methanolic extracts of the two strains. The insecticide activity results indicated that the B. bassiana extracts are an alternative to A. diaperinus control.

The use of asymmetric distributions in average bioequivalence.

Generic drugs have been commercialized in numerous countries. Most of these countries approve the commercialization of a generic drug when there is evidence of bioequivalence between the generic drug and the reference drug. Generally, the pharmaceutical industry is responsible for the bioequivalence test under the supervision of a regulatory agency. This procedure is concluded after a statistical data analysis. Several agencies adopt a standard statistical analysis based on procedures that were previously established. In practice, we face situations in which this standard model does not fit to some sets of bioequivalence data. In this study, we propose an evaluation of bioequivalence using univariate and bivariate models based on an extended generalized gamma distribution and a skew-t distribution, under a Bayesian perspective. We introduce a study of the empirical power of hypothesis tests for univariate models, showing advantages in the use of an extended generalized gamma distribution. Three sets of bioequivalence data were analyzed under these new procedures and compared with the standard model proposed by the majority of regulatory agencies. In order to verify that the asymmetrical distributions are usually better fitted for the data, when compared with the standard model, model discrimination methods were used, such as the Deviance Information Criterion (DIC) and quantile-quantile plots. The research concluded that, in general, the use of the extended generalized gamma distribution may be more appropriate to model bioequivalence data in the original scale. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The growth hormone receptor exon 3 polymorphism is not associated with height or metabolic traits in healthy young adults.

CONTEXT: The GHR polymorphisms contribution to the interindividual variability in prenatal and postnatal growth as well as to metabolic traits is controversial. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to analyze the association of the GHRfl/d3 polymorphism with prenatal and postnatal growth and metabolic outcomes in adult life and to compare the genotype distribution in different populations. DESIGN: 385 community healthy subjects followed from birth to adult life (23-25years old) were grouped according to birth size: small-SGA (n=130, 62 males), appropriate-AGA (n=162, 75 males) and large for gestational age-LGA (n=93, 48 males). GHRfl/d3 genotype distribution and its potential association with anthropometric (at birth, childhood and adult life) and metabolic features (in adult life) were analyzed and compared with data obtained from a systematic review of GHRfl/d3 association studies (31 articles). RESULTS: The frequency of the GHR d3/d3 genotype was lower in the LGA (χ2 p=0.01); SGA and AGA subjects exhibited an increased chance of the d3/d3 genotype (OR=3.58; 95%CI: 1.55; 8.24) and (OR=2.39; 95%CI: 1.02; 5.62), respectively. Despite the different prevalence among different birth size groups, in adults, GHRfl/d3 genotype was not associated with height, plasma IGF1 levels or metabolic phenotype and cardiovascular risk. GHRfl/d3 genotype distributions in AGA, SGA and LGA groups were comparable with those found in subjects of European origin but not with those of Asian ancestry. CONCLUSIONS: The GHRd3 genotype was negatively associated with birth size but it was not associated with adult height or weight, plasma IGF1, metabolic phenotype or any marker of increased cardiovascular risk in young adults.

Risk factors for mental health problems in school-age children from a community sample.

The epidemiological dimension of mental health problems in childhood and its impact warrant new studies. Knowledge about the predictors of mental health in children is scant in developing countries. The present study estimated the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in Brazilian school-age children based on a community sample from primary health care services, with the aim of verifying the predictive value of biological, social, and familial risk factors in children's mental health. The study was performed with 120 children of both genders identified through their mothers. The children's mental health was evaluated by sociodemographic factors and a diagnostic interview conducted with parents. Biological, social, and familial risk factors were evaluated by the Supplemental Questionnaire and Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition. Of the 120 children, 45.8 % were diagnosed with at least one mental health disorder. Children with diagnoses of depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder presented evidence of greater exposure to risk factors compared with children without these psychiatric diagnoses. Children with more risk factors throughout their lifetime had greater comorbidities compared with children with a lower number of risk factors. The identification of groups exposed to interconnected risk factors represents a priority when planning mental health practices. The strong role of chronic familial risk factors needs to be emphasized because they are a possible target for the prevention of depressive and anxiety disorders.

Expressão do afeto e bem-estar subjetivo em pessoas casadas

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar as correlações existentes entre os domínios do bem-estar subjetivo (BES) e a expressão do afeto. A amostra foi composta por 106 pessoas casadas. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: Questionário Sociodemográfico, Escala Abipeme, Escala de Bem-estar Subjetivo e Escala de Ajustamento Diádico. Os resultados da análise multivariada evidenciaram que a expressão do afeto está correlacionada com afetos positivos e negativos, mas significativamente relacionada apenas à categoria de afetos positivos, a partir da seleção de variáveis pelo método stepwise (rho = 0,04; p = 0,01). Desse modo, quanto mais a pessoa se sente feliz, mais tende a expressar sua afetividade quando está com o parceiro. A partir das contribuições da Psicologia Positiva, podemos compreender que o modo como cada cônjuge se sente em termos individuais e se coloca em relação ao mundo e às diferentes experiências contribui para que se sinta seguro e possa expressar a afetividade de maneira mais satisfatória.(AU)

This study aimed at analyzing and comparing the constructs of subjective well-being and the expression of affection, using a sample of 106 married people. The following instruments were used: Sociodemographic Questionnaire, Socioeconomic Questionnaire, Dyadic Adjustment Scale and Subjective Well-being Scale. The results showed that expression of affection is correlated with positive affect and negative affect, but only significantly related to the level of positive affect from the variable selection stepwise (rho = 0.04, p = 0.01). Thus, the more one feels happy and willing to establish contacts with other, the more likely to also express their affection when you're with your partner. According to the Positive Psychology, the way each partner feels in individual terms and arises in relation to the world and different experiences helps them to feel safe and can express affection in a more satisfactory way.(AU)

Expressão do afeto e bem-estar subjetivo em pessoas casadas / Expression of affection and well-being subjective in married people

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar as correlações existentes entre os domínios do bem-estar subjetivo (BES) e a expressão do afeto. A amostra foi composta por 106 pessoas casadas. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: Questionário Sociodemográfico, Escala Abipeme, Escala de Bem-estar Subjetivo e Escala de Ajustamento Diádico. Os resultados da análise multivariada evidenciaram que a expressão do afeto está correlacionada com afetos positivos e negativos, mas significativamente relacionada apenas à categoria de afetos positivos, a partir da seleção de variáveis pelo método stepwise (rho = 0,04; p = 0,01). Desse modo, quanto mais a pessoa se sente feliz, mais tende a expressar sua afetividade quando está com o parceiro. A partir das contribuições da Psicologia Positiva, podemos compreender que o modo como cada cônjuge se sente em termos individuais e se coloca em relação ao mundo e às diferentes experiências contribui para que se sinta seguro e possa expressar a afetividade de maneira mais satisfatória.

This study aimed at analyzing and comparing the constructs of subjective well-being and the expression of affection, using a sample of 106 married people. The following instruments were used: Sociodemographic Questionnaire, Socioeconomic Questionnaire, Dyadic Adjustment Scale and Subjective Well-being Scale. The results showed that expression of affection is correlated with positive affect and negative affect, but only significantly related to the level of positive affect from the variable selection stepwise (rho = 0.04, p = 0.01). Thus, the more one feels happy and willing to establish contacts with other, the more likely to also express their affection when you're with your partner. According to the Positive Psychology, the way each partner feels in individual terms and arises in relation to the world and different experiences helps them to feel safe and can express affection in a more satisfactory way.

Postnatal growth and cardiometabolic profile in young adults born large for gestational age.

CONTEXT: The association between large for gestational age (LGA) phenotype, postnatal growth and cardiometabolic risk (CMR) in adult life remains unclear. The role of IGF1 genotype on LGA-related outcomes in adult life is unknown. AIM: To assess the postnatal growth, IGF-I levels, CMR and the influence of the 737.738 IGF1 in adults born LGA. SUBJECTS: Case-control study (n = 515) nested in a population-based prospective cohort (n = 2063); 117 LGA and 398 gender-matched controls appropriate for gestational age (AGA) subjects. METHODS: Anthropometry was evaluated at birth, at 9-10 and at 23-25 years old. At the age of 23-25 years, blood pressure (BP), glycaemia, insulinaemia, homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance, lipids, fibrinogen, and plasma IGF-I and 737.738 IGF1 polymorphism were assessed. RESULTS: Large for gestational age subjects remained heavier and taller than AGA at 9-10 and 23-25 years (P < 0·05); at 23-25 years, LGA had greater waist circumference (WC; P < 0·05) and higher BP (P < 0·05) than controls. Body proportionality at birth did not predict metabolic outcome. LGA subjects presenting catch-down of weight in childhood had lower body mass index (BMI; P = 0·001), lower WC (P < 0·05) and lower BP (P < 0·05) at 23-25 years. 737.738 IGF-I genotype differed between groups (P < 0·001). Homozygosis for polymorphic alleles was associated with increased odds of LGA (OR: 3·2; 95% CI: 1·5-6·9), higher IGF-I (56·9 ± 16·4 vs 37·7 ± 16·0 nm; P < 0·01) and lower BP (114/68 vs 121/73 mmHg; P < 0·05). CONCLUSIONS: Young adults born LGA presented higher BMI, WC and BP and appear to be at higher CMR risk than AGA subjects. The 737.738 IGF1 polymorphism appears to play a role on birth size and LGA-related metabolic outcomes.

Addressing overtreatment in patients with refractory epilepsy at a tertiary referral centre in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Patients with refractory epilepsy often have impaired quality of life (QOL) as a consequence of seizures and adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs. We assessed the impact of adverse effects on QOL and the utility of a structured instrument to help the physician manage adverse effects in patients with refractory epilepsy. METHODS: Clinical characteristics, drug treatment and adverse effects were evaluated in 102 patients with refractory epilepsy at a single tertiary referral centre. The Adverse Events Profile (AEP) and Quality of Life in Epilepsy-31 (QOLIE-31) questionnaires were completed at baseline and after six months. At baseline, patients with a high burden of adverse effects (AEP scores ≥45) were randomized to an intervention or control group. AEP scores in the intervention group were available to the physician as an instrument to help to reduce adverse effects. RESULTS: Ninety-five patients (93.1%) were on polytherapy. Sixty-six completed the questionnaires and, of these, 43 (65.1%) had a high AE burden and were randomized to the intervention and control group. QOLIE-31 scores were inversely correlated with AEP scores at both visits. Among randomized patients, AEP scores tended to decrease between the baseline and the final visit without significant differences between groups (intervention group: 54.1 ±â€Š6.1 vs 51.1 ±â€Š9.1; control group: 55.8 ±â€Š5.8 vs 50.5 ±â€Š12.2). QOLI-31 scores did not change substantially between visits (intervention group: 45.9 ±â€Š17.4 vs 48.4 ±â€Š14; control group: 47.5 ±â€Š15.7 vs 45.2 ±â€Š18.9). CONCLUSION: A significant proportion of patients had a high toxicity burden which had an impact on their QOL. Reduction of overtreatment is a difficult challenge which cannot be addressed solely by providing a structured assessment of adverse effects, but requires a more comprehensive approach aimed at optimizing the many components of the management strategy.

[A comparison of consultative psychiatric services in two Brazilian university hospitals using a standardized protocol for recording liaison consultations]. / Comparação entre solicitações psiquiátricas de dois hospitais gerais universitários brasileiros: uso do protocolo de registro de interconsulta em saúde mental.

The objective of the present report was to compare consultative psychiatric services in two Brazilian university hospitals and to evaluate the applicability of a standardized protocol (PRISMe) for recording psychiatric liaison consultations. Analyses of psychiatric consultations and the attached protocol were performed. 541 consecutive liaison consultations were included in the final sample (438 consecutive consultations from the Federal university hospital in São Paulo and 103 from the Federal university hospital in Santa Catarina). In both hospitals, the majority of patients were female, married, white, and 31 to 60 years of age. Depression and adjustment and personality disorders were the most common psychiatric diagnoses, which could explain the higher referral of female patients. The results are consistent with the Brazilian and international literature, and the differences between the two hospitals could be related to both logistical differences between the consultative psychiatric services and the socioeconomic contexts. The findings confirm the applicability of the PRISMe and suggest that systematization of clinical and demographic information is important for future comparative studies.

The fast alcohol screening test (FAST) is as good as the AUDIT to screen alcohol use disorders.

This study was aimed at assessing the psychometric qualities of the fast alcohol screening test (FAST), and at comparing these qualities to those of the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT) in three samples of Brazilian adults: (i) subjects attended at an emergency department (530); (ii) patients from a psychosocial care center (40); and (iii) university students (429). The structured clinical interview for diagnosis (SCID)-IV was used as gold standard. The FAST demonstrated high test-retest and interrater reliability coefficients, as well as high predictive and concurrent validity values. The results attest the validity and reliability of the Brazilian version of the FAST for the screening of indicators of alcohol abuse and dependence.

Comparação entre solicitações psiquiátricas de dois hospitais gerais universitários brasileiros: uso do protocolo de registro de interconsulta em saúde mental / A comparison of consultative psychiatric services in two Brazilian university hospitals using a standardized protocol for recording liaison consultations

O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar pedidos de interconsulta psiquiátrica realizados para dois hospitais gerais universitários brasileiros e avaliar a aplicabilidade de um protocolo de registro de interconsulta psiquiátrica (PRISMe). Foi realizada análise dos pedidos de interconsulta, do PRISMe anexado a eles e o número total de pedidos de interconsulta incluídos na amostra foi 541 (438 pedidos de interconsulta do HCFMRP-USP e 103 pedidos de interconsulta do HU-UFSC). Observou-se maior freqüência de solicitação para pacientes do sexo feminino, caucasianos, entre 31 a 60 anos e casados. Os diagnósticos psiquiátricos mais freqüentes foram depressão, transtornos de adaptação e de personalidade. Os resultados estão de acordo com a literatura nacional e internacional e as diferenças encontradas podem ser atribuídas às diferenças na infra-estrutura das instituições e nos contextos sócio-econômicos nos quais estão inseridas. Achados do presente estudo demonstram a aplicabilidade do PRISMe e sugerem que podem facilitar a sistematização da obtenção de achados clínico-demográficos e a comparabilidade entre as diferenças.

The objective of the present report was to compare consultative psychiatric services in two Brazilian university hospitals and to evaluate the applicability of a standardized protocol (PRISMe) for recording psychiatric liaison consultations. Analyses of psychiatric consultations and the attached protocol were performed. 541 consecutive liaison consultations were included in the final sample (438 consecutive consultations from the Federal university hospital in São Paulo and 103 from the Federal university hospital in Santa Catarina). In both hospitals, the majority of patients were female, married, white, and 31 to 60 years of age. Depression and adjustment and personality disorders were the most common psychiatric diagnoses, which could explain the higher referral of female patients. The results are consistent with the Brazilian and international literature, and the differences between the two hospitals could be related to both logistical differences between the consultative psychiatric services and the socioeconomic contexts. The findings confirm the applicability of the PRISMe and suggest that systematization of clinical and demographic information is important for future comparative studies.

Adiponectin: serum levels, promoter polymorphism, and associations with birth size and cardiometabolic outcome in young adults born large for gestational age.

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the -11391G>A polymorphism in the regulatory region of the adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) is associated with birth size, postnatal growth, adiponectinemia, and cardiometabolic risk in adult life. DESIGN: Case-control study nested within a prospective cohort of 2063 community subjects born in 1978/1979 and followed since birth to date. METHODS: ADIPOQ -11391G>A genotype-phenotype associations were evaluated in 116 subjects born large for gestational age (LGA) and 392 gender-matched controls at birth (birth size), at 8-10 years (catch-down growth), and at 23-25 years of age (cardiometabolic profile). RESULTS: The -11391A variant allele frequency was higher in LGA subjects (P=0.04). AA genotype was associated with augmented probability of being born LGA (odds ratio=4.14; 95% confidence interval: 1.16-16.7; P=0.03). This polymorphism was associated neither with body composition nor with postnatal growth pattern. At the age of 23-25 years, the -11391A variant allele was associated with higher serum adiponectin levels (GG: 10.7+/-6.2 versus GA: 12.2+/-6.5 versus AA: 14.2+/-6.8 microg/ml; P<0.01). Subjects born LGA presented higher body mass index (BMI; P=0.01), abdominal circumference (P=0.04), blood pressure (P=0.04), and homeostasis assessment model for insulin resistance (P=0.01) than adequate for gestational age. Symmetry at birth did not influence these variables. The occurrence of catch-down of weight was associated with lower BMI and abdominal circumference (P<0.001) at 23-25 years. CONCLUSIONS: The -11391A ADIPOQ gene variant was associated with increased chance of being born LGA and with higher adiponectin levels in early adult life.