Updated checklist of caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from the state of Piauí, Northeast Brazil, including a new species and new geographical records.

Some regions, such as the Northeast Region of Brazil, are still severely understudied and the trichopteran fauna of this region is not entirely known, mainly in areas from Cerrado and Caatinga biomes. Currently, 25 species have been reported from Piauí State, but most of these records are concentrated from one locality. This study aimed to update the knowledge of Trichoptera diversity in this state, including the description of a new species and new geographic records for the Northeast region and Brazil. The samples were collected in seven municipalities, using various traps. Specimens were also received from the municipality of Bom Jesus. Thirty-two species were added for Trichoptera fauna of Piauí, 14 of these represent new records for Northeast Brazil; furthermore, Neotrichia palma Flint 1982 is a new record for Brazil. Additionally, a new species, Cernotina longa sp. nov., is describe and illustrate, being the third nominal record of the genus for the Caatinga biome. Thus, with the contribution of this study, 57 species, 20 genera and seven families of caddisflies are known for Piauí State.

Marilia caramuru sp. nov. and Marilia paraguassu sp. nov. (Trichoptera: Odontoceridae), two new species from Maranhão State, Northeast Brazil.

Although the world species diversity of Marilia Müller 1880 is not great, knowledge about this group may be underestimated, since several areas are poorly studied, especially in Northeast Region, Brazil. Two new species are described and illustrated here based on specimens collected in Maranhão State, from which the genus has not been reported previously. Despite the similarity of Marilia caramuru sp. nov. with M. elongata Martynov 1912, differences between them are observed especially in segment X and preanal appendages, in addition to details of wing venation. The unique set of spiniform projections on endotheca, and the wrinkled prominence on sternum VIII distinguish Marilia paraguassu sp. nov. from all other species in the genus. The material examined has been deposited in the Coleção Entomológica Professor José Alfredo Pinheiro Dutra, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and in the Coleção Zoológica do Maranhão, UEMA, Maranhão, Brazil.

Taxonomic study of the genus Oxyethira Eaton 1873 (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Northeast Brazil: Eleven new species and distributional records.

The genus Oxyethira comprises over 200 species distributed worldwide. In Brazil, 23 species have been recorded, mostly from the North Region, but this number is still an underestimate. To date, six species have been recorded from the Northeast Region of Brazil (from Ceará, Piauí, and Pernambuco states). In this work, we describe and illustrate 11 new species from this region: Oxyethira calori sp. nov., O. diplospissa sp. nov., O. guariba sp. nov., O. iannuzzae sp. nov., O. maranhensis sp. nov., O. rafaeli sp. nov., O. gracilianoi sp. nov., O. retrosa sp. nov., O. septentrionalis sp. nov., O. singularis sp. nov., O. una sp. nov. Additionally, new distributional records for five other species are given. These results increase the number of Oxyethira species in Brazil from 23 to 35.

Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from Maranhão State, Northeast Region, Brazil: A new species, checklist, and new geographical records.

In order to improve knowledge of Trichoptera diversity in Northeast Region, Brazil, we present here the first checklist of caddisflies from Maranhão State with a description of a new species and geographical records for the Northeast Region and for all of Brazil. Collections were made in 16 sites distributed in three municipalities of Maranhão State. A total of 54 caddisflies species, 26 genera and 10 families were recorded, including one new species of Leptoceridae, Triplectides maranhensis sp. nov., which is described and illustrated. All species listed here are recorded for the first time for the state, 23 of which are new records for the Northeast Region, as well as five new species for Brazil. These results increase the number of species reported from the Northeast Region from 167 to 221.

Three new species of Stactobiinae (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) with the first record of Orinocotrichia Harris, Flint & Holzenthal from Brazil.

Approximately 300 species are assigned to Stactobiinae, most of them occurring in the Old World. Seven species have been recorded from Brazil, six of Flintiella and one of Bredinia. Herein, three new species are described and illustrated based on specimens collected in Maranhão and Piauí states from Northeastern Region of Brazil: Orinocotrichia angelus sp. nov. (Holotype male deposited in CZMA: Maranhão State) can be distinguished by the subgenital plate conspicuous, mesally divided; Flintiella pallida sp. nov. (Holotype male deposited in CZMA: Maranhão State), differs from its cogeners by the process of the subgenital plate; and F. harrisi sp. nov. (Holotype male deposited in CZMA: Piauí State), recognized by the short process of the phallus. The new species of Orinocotrichia is the third species described in this genus and represents the first record of Orinocotrichia from Brazil. Orinocotrichia angelus sp. nov. and F. pallida sp. nov. are the first microcaddisflies species described from Maranhão State, Brazil.

Description of a new species of Betrichia Mosely 1939 from Brazil and edescription of the type-species (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae: Leucotrichiinae).

Betrichia Mosely 1939 was erected to include a single species, B. zilbra Mosely 1939 from Brazil. The genus has a complicated taxonomy mainly because of the lack of diagnostic characteristics in the original description. Marshall (1979) stated that some features of the antennae, wing venation, and male genitalia are presumably diagnostic, but it remained without a precise diagnosis. Currently, Betrichia comprises 11 Neotropical species (Flint et al. 1999; Oláh & Johanson 2011; Thomson 2012; Oláh & Flint 2012), six of which have been recorded from Brazil (Santos et al. 2015): B. alibrachia Thomson 2012 (Rio de Janeiro State), B. hamulifera Flint 1983 (Pernambuco, São Paulo, and Santa Catarina states), B. kagyla Oláh & Flint 2012 (Amazonas State), B. longistyla Flint 1983 (Santa Catarina State), B. varratlana Oláh & Flint 2012 (Rondônia State), and B. zilbra Mosely 1939 (Santa Catarina State). Herein, we describe and illustrate a new species of the genus and redescribe the type-species of the genus based on topotypical specimens. We also provide new distributional records for Betrichia zilbra, reported here for the first time from Argentina (Misiones) and Bahia and Sergipe states (Brazil), and for Betrichia bispinosa Flint 1974, representing the first record of this species in Brazil (Amapá and Pará states).

First records of Ochrotrichia Mosely, 1934 (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) in Northeastern Brazil: Five new species and two new geographical records.

About 170 species have been assigned to the New World genus Ochrotrichia, only two of which were previously recorded from Brazil. Material collected in Bahia and Ceará states represent the first records of this genus from Northeastern Brazil and reveal five new species of Ochrotrichia. These are described and illustrated in this paper: O. caatinga sp. nov. (O. aldama group, from Ceará), O. priapo sp. nov. (O. aldama group, from Bahia); O. limeirai sp. nov. (O. aldama group, from Ceará), O. constricta sp. nov. (undetermined group, from Bahia), and O. igrapiuna sp. nov. (O. xena group, from Bahia). Ochrotrichia manuensis Flint & Bueno-Soria 1999 is firstly recorded from Brazil and O. patulosa (Wasmund & Holzenthal 2007) is firstly recorded from Northeastern Brazil. 

A new species and new records of microcaddisflies (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from northeastern Brazil.

The Hydroptilidae constitute the most diverse and widespread family of Trichoptera in the world. About 90 species of microcaddisflies have been recorded from Brazil, but the northeastern region is one of the least-sampled. In this work we describe a new species of Metrichia from Pernambuco State. Furthermore, we present the first records of Flintiella andreae Angrisano 1995 and Oxyethira bettyae Thomson & Holzenthal 2012 from Brazil, and four other new records from the northeastern region.