Prevalence and associated factors of schistosomiasis among pregnant women in northern Senegal.

BACKGROUND: Schistosomiasis remains a public health concern worldwide. It is responsible for more than 240 million cases in 78 countries, 40 million of whom are women of childbearing age. In the Senegal River basin, both Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma mansoni are very prevalent in school-age children. However, there is a lack of information on the burden of schistosomiasis in pregnant women, which can cause complications in the pregnancy outcome. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of schistosomiasis in pregnant women. METHODS: We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study of pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at the health center of the Senegalese Sugar Company and at the hospital of Richard Toll between August and December 2021. The urine and stool samples collected were examined using microscopy techniques and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to detect the presence of S. haematobium and S. mansoni. The urines were previously tested using urine reagent strips to detect hematuria and proteinuria. Socio-demographical, clinical, and diagnostically data were recorded by the midwife and the gynaecologist. The data were analyzed using a logistic regression model. RESULTS: Among the 298 women examined for the infection by microscopic, 65 (21.81%) were infected with urogenital schistosomiasis, 10 (3.36%) with intestinal schistosomiasis, and 4 (1.34%) were co-infected with both types of schistosomiasis. Out of the 288 samples tested by qPCR, 146 (48.99%) were positive for S. haematobium, 49 (35.51%) for S. mansoni and 22 (15.94%) for both species (co-infection). Pregnant women having microscopic haematuria and proteinuria were significantly more infected (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study has revealed a high prevalence of schistosomiasis in pregnant women in Senegal. The qPCR allowed us to detect more cases compared to the microscopy. There is a need to conduct more studies to understand the real burden of the disease and to set up a surveillance system to prevent pregnancy-related complications.

[Management Of Colonic Pseudotumor Anecdotal In Peace Hospital Of Ziguinchor]. / Une Pseudotumeur Colique Anecdotique Pris En Charge A l'Hopital De La Paix De Ziguinchor.

Colonic pseudotumors secondary to fishbone perforation are rare and not easily diagnosed, as the clinical presentation is often misleading. We report the case of a 61-year-old man patient with no medicalhistory, whose clinical picture was in favor of a colonic tumor. The diagnosis of colonic perforation by fishbone was not possible preoperatively due to lack of CT scan. The diagnosiswas made intraoperatively by the visualization of a colonic perforation by fishbone. Pathological examination of the surgical specimen confirmed the inflammatory pseudotumor of the colon without histological sign of malignancies.

les pseudotumeurs coliques secondaires à une perforation par arête de poisson sont rares et ne sont pas de diagnostic facile, car le tableau clinique est souvent trompeur. Nous rapportons le cas d'un patient de 61 ans, aux antécédents d'épigastralgie, dont le tableau clinique était en faveur d'une tumeur colique. Le diagnostic de perforation colique par arête de poisson n'a pas été possible en pré opératoire par faute de scanner. Le diagnostic a été retenu en peropératoire par la visualisation d'une perforation colique par arête de poisson. L'examen anatomopathologie de la pièce opératoire a confirmé la pseudotumeur inflammatoire du côlon sans signe histologique de malignes.

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the kidney in southern Senegal (Ziguinchor): case report and review of the literature.

The kidney's primary squamous cell carcinoma is a rare tumor, representing 0.5-0.8% of malignant renal tumors and 4% of upper urinary tract tumors. This pathology often occurs after a long past history of renal lithiasis and repeated untreated or poorly treated urinary tract infections. The delay in diagnosis resulting from an insidious symptomatology, without specific signs, often leads to a pejorative development, especially in poor countries. A seventy-nine-year-old Senegalese woman, with no past history of lithiasis nor recurrent urinary tract infection and urinary schistosomiasis, was received for a recurrent total hematuria associated with left lumbar pain. Clinical examination revealed a mobile tender left lumbar mass, with lumbar contact and renal sloshing. The left renal tumor´s diagnosis was retained on clinical and scannographic arguments, justifying an enlarged left total nephrectomy, by laparotomy. The anatomopathological examination of the surgical sample made it possible to make the diagnosis of primary invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the left kidney and to find foci of carcinoma in-situ on squamous metaplasia in the calyxes. Unlike the typical case of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the kidney, our patient did not have a long past history of renal lithiasis nor untreated or poorly treated recurrent urinary tract infections and urinary schistosomiasis. Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the kidney may not be related to a past history of recurrent urinary tract infections and lithiasis, but to any other cause of squamous metaplasia of the urothelium. Surgery remains the best option for this entity.

Unavoidable Risks: Local Perspectives on Water Contact Behavior and Implications for Schistosomiasis Control in an Agricultural Region of Northern Senegal.

Human schistosomiasis is a snail-borne parasitic disease affecting more than 200 million people worldwide. Direct contact with snail-infested freshwater is the primary route of exposure. Water management infrastructure, including dams and irrigation schemes, expands snail habitat, increasing the risk across the landscape. The Diama Dam, built on the lower basin of the Senegal River to prevent saltwater intrusion and promote year-round agriculture in the drought-prone Sahel, is a paradigmatic case. Since dam completion in 1986, the rural population-whose livelihoods rely mostly on agriculture-has suffered high rates of schistosome infection. The region remains one of the most hyperendemic regions in the world. Because of the convergence between livelihoods and environmental conditions favorable to transmission, schistosomiasis is considered an illustrative case of a disease-driven poverty trap (DDPT). The literature to date on the topic, however, remains largely theoretical. With qualitative data generated from 12 focus groups in four villages, we conducted team-based theme analysis to investigate how perception of schistosomiasis risk and reported preventive behaviors may suggest the presence of a DDPT. Our analysis reveals three key findings: 1) rural villagers understand schistosomiasis risk (i.e., where and when infections occur), 2) accordingly, they adopt some preventive behaviors, but ultimately, 3) exposure persists, because of circumstances characteristic of rural livelihoods. These findings highlight the capacity of local populations to participate actively in schistosomiasis control programs and the limitations of widespread drug treatment campaigns. Interventions that target the environmental reservoir of disease may provide opportunities to reduce exposure while maintaining resource-dependent livelihoods.

Endométriome ombilical: à propos d'un cas et revue de la littérature: Umbilical endometrioma: a case report and literature review.

Endometriosis is defined as the implantation of endometrial tissue outside of the uterine cavity. It affects approximately 10% of women of childbearing age. Umbilical endometriosis is rare and its pathophysiology is poorly known. We report the case of a 42-year old nulliparous female patient with a 5-year history of myomectomy, presenting with cyclic pain associated with umbilical mass. The diagnosis of umbilical endometrioma was made and confirmed by the histological examination of the surgical specimen. Treatment was based on wide excision of the mass associated with pelvis exploration and umbilical plasty.