Assessment of Oral Hygiene Status and Prevalence of Dental Caries and Traumatic Injuries to Anterior Teeth among Visually Impaired Children in Chennai City.

Aim: To assess the oral hygiene status and prevalence of dental caries and trauma to anterior teeth among visually impaired children in Chennai city. Settings and design-a cross-sectional study was conducted in institutionalized blind schoolchildren. Materials and methods: A total of 130 children from two blind schools were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Oral hygiene status was assessed using the oral hygiene index-simplified (OHI-S). Dental caries were assessed using decayed-missing-filled teeth (DMFT) and decayed, extracted due to carries, filled teeth (deft) index for permanent and primary dentition, respectively. Trauma to anterior teeth was assessed using Ellis and Davey classification. Statistical analysis used-all the data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software 20.0. Results: The assessment of oral hygiene status showed that 54.6% of children had good oral hygiene, 45.4% had fair oral hygiene, and none had poor oral hygiene. The prevalence of dental caries in permanent and primary dentition was found to be 40 and 63.1%, respectively. The prevalence of trauma to anterior teeth was found to be 35.4%. Conclusion: Primary prevention approaches should be taught to parents and school teachers for early intervention of oral health problems. How to cite this article: Kannappan J, Srinivasan D, Chiriyankandath JL, et al. Assessment of Oral Hygiene Status and Prevalence of Dental Caries and Traumatic Injuries to Anterior Teeth among Visually Impaired Children in Chennai City. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(1):93-96.

Automated system for classification of COVID-19 infection from lung CT images based on machine learning and deep learning techniques.

The objectives of our proposed study were as follows: First objective is to segment the CT images using a k-means clustering algorithm for extracting the region of interest and to extract textural features using gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM). Second objective is to implement machine learning classifiers such as Naïve bayes, bagging and Reptree to classify the images into two image classes namely COVID and non-COVID and to compare the performance of the three pre-trained CNN models such as AlexNet, ResNet50 and SqueezeNet with that of the proposed machine learning classifiers. Our dataset consists of 100 COVID and non-COVID images which are pre-processed and segmented with our proposed algorithm. Following the feature extraction process, three machine learning classifiers (Naive Bayes, Bagging, and REPTree) were used to classify the normal and covid patients. We had implemented the three pre-trained CNN models such as AlexNet, ResNet50 and SqueezeNet for comparing their performance with machine learning classifiers. In machine learning, the Naive Bayes classifier achieved the highest accuracy of 97%, whereas the ResNet50 CNN model attained the highest accuracy of 99%. Hence the deep learning networks outperformed well compared to the machine learning techniques in the classification of Covid-19 images.

Small Cell Carcinoma of Gallbladder With Nodal Metastasis Mimicking As Synchronous Malignancy in Gallbladder and Common Bile Duct.

Small cell carcinoma of the gallbladder is an extremely rare disease. Even with current aggressive and diverse treatments, small cell carcinoma of the gallbladder has an extremely poor prognosis. The presence of synchronous malignancies in the gallbladder and the biliary tract is even rare. Synchronous malignancy can be due to either local spread or metastasis. It can also occur due to field change in the extrahepatic malignancy or can arise de novo as multifocal malignancy. Small cell carcinoma of gallbladder with nodal metastasis mimicking as synchronous malignancy in the gallbladder and distal common bile duct is rare. We report a 74-year-old male who presented with abdominal pain and jaundice. Initial imaging studies were suggestive of the possibility of synchronous malignancy in the gallbladder and common bile duct. However, further imaging studies showed that carcinoma of the gallbladder had metastasis to the lymph nodes, causing external compression to the common bile duct rather than synchronous malignancy. Cytology was diagnostic of small cell carcinoma of the gallbladder. The patient had metastasis to other sites also. The patient underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with stenting and started on palliative platinum-based chemotherapy with cisplatin and gemcitabine, and he is under regular follow-up.