RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to present an overview of cinematic rendering, illustrating its potential advantages and applications. CONCLUSION: Volume-rendered reconstruction, obtaining 3D visualization from original CT datasets, is increasingly used by physicians and medical educators in various clinical and educational scenarios. Cinematic rendering is a novel 3D rendering algorithm that simulates the propagation and interaction of light rays as they pass through the volumetric data, showing a more photorealistic representation of 3D images than achieved with standard volume rendering.
Assuntos
Imageamento Tridimensional/métodos , Interpretação de Imagem Radiográfica Assistida por Computador/métodos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Algoritmos , Humanos , Interface Usuário-ComputadorAssuntos
Angiografia por Tomografia Computadorizada , Angiografia Coronária/métodos , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/efeitos adversos , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/instrumentação , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas , Valvas Cardíacas/cirurgia , Tomografia Computadorizada Multidetectores , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/diagnóstico por imagem , Falha de Prótese , Idoso , Ecocardiografia Transesofagiana , Feminino , Valvas Cardíacas/diagnóstico por imagem , Valvas Cardíacas/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/fisiopatologia , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Neuroinflammation is considered to be the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy (HE), and imaging neuroinflammation is implicated in HE management. (11)C-PK11195, a typical translocator protein (TSPO) radiotracer, is used for imaging neuroinflammation. However, it has inherent limitations, such as short half-life and limited availability. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the efficiency of new generation TSPO radiotracer, (18)F-DPA-714, in detecting and monitoring neuroinflammation of chronic HE. This study was divided into two parts. The first part compared (18)F-DPA-714 and (11)C-PK11195 radiotracers in ten HE induced rats [bile duct ligation (BDL) and fed hyperammonemic diet (HD)] and 6 control rats. The animal subjects underwent dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) during 2-day intervals. The (11)C-PK11195 PET study showed no differences in whole brain average percent injected dose per gram (%ID/g) values at all time points (all P>0.05), while the (18)F-DPA-714 PET study showed higher whole brain average %ID/g values in HE rats compared to control group rats at 900 s to 3300 s after injecting radiotracer (all P<0.05). The second part of the study evaluated the effectiveness of ibuprofen (IBU) treatment to chronic HE. Forty rats were classified into six groups, including Sham+normal saline (NS), Sham+IBU, BDL+NS, BDL+HD+NS, BDL+IBU, and BDL+HD+IBU groups. (18)F-DPA-714 PET was used to image neuroinflammation. Whole and regional brain average %ID/g values, neurological features, inflammatory factors and activated microglia showed better in the IBU groups than in the NS groups (all P<0.05) and no difference was seen in the Sham groups compared to IBU groups (all P>0.05). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that (18)F-DPA-714 is an ideal TPSO radiotracer for imaging neuroinflammation and monitoring anti-neuroinflammation treatment efficacy of chronic HE.